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Parliamentary Strengthening and the Paris Principles: Tanzania Case Study
Parliamentary Strengthening and the Paris Principles Tanzania case study January 2009 Dr. Anthony Tsekpo (Parliamentary Centre) and Dr. Alan Hudson (ODI) * Disclaimer: The views presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of DFID or CIDA, whose financial support for this research is nevertheless gratefully acknowledged. Overseas Development Institute 111 Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7JD UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7922 0300 Fax: +44 (0)20 7922 0399 www.odi.org.uk i Parliamentary strengthening and the Paris Principles: Tanzania case study Acknowledgements We would like to thank all of the people who have shared with us their insights and expertise on the workings of the Parliament of Tanzania and about the range of parliamentary strengthening activities that take place in Tanzania. In particular, we would like to thank those Honourable Members of Parliament who took the time to meet with us, along with members of the Secretariat and staff members from a number of Development Partners and from some of the key civil society organisations that are engaged in parliamentary strengthening work. Our hope is that this report will prove useful to these people and others as they continue their efforts to enhance the effectiveness of Tanzania’s Parliament. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). ii Parliamentary strengthening and the Paris Principles: Tanzania -
Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians
Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians Warsaw, 2012 Published by the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) Ul. Miodowa 10, 00–251 Warsaw, Poland http://www.osce.org/odihr © OSCE/ODIHR 2012, ISBN 978–92–9234–844–1 All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely used and copied for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provided that any such reproduction is accompanied by an acknowledgement of the OSCE/ODIHR as the source. Designed by Homework Cover photo of the Hungarian Parliament Building by www.heatheronhertravels.com. Printed by AGENCJA KARO Table of contents Foreword 5 Executive Summary 8 Part One: Preparing to Reform Parliamentary Ethical Standards 13 1.1 Reasons to Regulate Conduct 13 1.2 The Limits of Regulation: Private Life 19 1.3 Immunity for Parliamentarians 20 1.4 The Context for Reform 25 Part Two: Tools for Reforming Ethical Standards 31 2.1 A Code of Conduct 34 2.2 Drafting a Code 38 2.3 Assets and Interests 43 2.4 Allowances, Expenses and Parliamentary Resources 49 2.5 Relations with Lobbyists 51 2.6 Other Areas that may Require Regulation 53 Part Three: Monitoring and Enforcement 60 3.1 Making a Complaint 62 3.2 Investigating Complaints 62 3.3 Penalties for Misconduct 69 3.4 Administrative Costs 71 3.5 Encouraging Compliance 72 3.6 Updating and Reviewing Standards 75 Conclusions 76 Glossary 79 Select Bibliography 81 Foreword The public accountability and political credibility of Parliaments are cornerstone principles, to which all OSCE participating States have subscribed. -
Bi-Cameralism Under the New Constitution the Legislature: Bi-Cameralism Under the New Constitution
Constitution Working Paper Series No. 8 The Legislature: Bi-Cameralism under the new Constitution The Legislature: Bi-Cameralism under the new Constitution The Legislature: Bi-Cameralism under the new Constitution Kipkemoi arap Kirui and Kipchumba Murkomen SID Constitution Working Paper No. 8 ii The Legislature: Bi-Cameralism under the new Constitution The Legislature: Bi-Cameralism under the new Constitution Constitution Working Paper No. 8 Published by: Society for International Development (SID) Regional Office for East & Southern Africa Britak Centre, First Floor Ragati/Mara Road P.O. Box 2404-00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel. +254 20 273 7991 Fax + 254 20 273 7992 www.sidint.net © Society for International Development (SID), 2011 ISBN No. 978-9966-029-07-2 Printed by: The Regal Press Kenya Ltd. P.O. Box 46166 Nairobi, Kenya Design & Layout: Sunburst Communications Ltd. P.O. Box 43193-00100 Nairobi, Kenya Email: [email protected] SID Constitution Working Paper No. 8 The Legislature: Bi-Cameralism under the new Constitution iii Abstract The aims of this paper are threefold. First, the paper retraces the history of the Kenyan legislature before and after independence tracking the various transformations spanning a century of its existence. These transformations have been largely characterised by two competing forces: one epitomized by a strong executive seizing power from other arms of government, and the other by pro-reform forces pushing for an expanded democracy, better governance and accountability, and the promotion of rule of law. They agitated for electoral, legislative and constitutional reforms resulting in the reduction of the powers of the president, the re-introduction of multiparty democracy and the expansion of people’s democratic space and shifting power from the presidency back to other arms of the state, including parliament, and by extension to the people. -
Models of Bicameral Parliaments. a Comparative Approach a Comparative Parliaments
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND ACTIVITIES AND INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL Zbigniew Machelski Models of bicameral parliaments. A comparative approach Regardless of any structural properties “chambers of reflection” that were to ensure and internal differences (unicameralism vs. full optimisation and high standard of the bicameralism), the parliament defines the legislative process. This is a reference to the formal framework within which other or- tradition of the Republican Rome, whose Se- ganisations and institutions in society are to natus (literally council of elders) has become operate. The aim of the article is not so much a nearly universally recognised role model1. to analyse but to classify bicameralism. Each The reference to tradition is important, but classification has its strengths and weakness- it does not explain all contemporary polit- es. First, as in the case of most tools used in ical phenomena, which are the domain of comparative methods, it carries with it a risk political science. Studies conducted in the of simplifications, without which, howev- mid-1990s confirmed that 126 legislatures er, formal modelling is impossible. Second, in various geographical regions of the world making comparisons is associated with easy were unicameral, while 56 were bicameral2. manipulation of some variables. This often In the initially bicameral system, unicamer- stems from political scientists’ own prej- alism has clearly become dominant. udice, when they try to examine political The discussion about the sense of the phenomena in accordance with their own bicameral system keeps coming back from preferences. In analyses of bicameralism, time to time, also in Poland3. Critics of bi- this is manifested in a tendency to attribute cameralism are trying to demonstrate that rationality only in the case of federal or large the bicameral structure of the parliament is states. -
The Parliamentary Mandate
THE PARLIAMENTARY MANDATE A GLOBAL COMPARATIVE STUDY THE PARLIAMENTARY MANDATE A GLOBAL COMPARATIVE STUDY Marc Van der Hulst Inter-Parliamentary Union Geneva 2000 @ Inter-Parliamentary Union 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not be a way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold hired or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form or binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent publisher. ISBN 92-9142-056-5 Published by INTER-PARLIAMETARY UNION Headquarters Liaison Office with the United Nations Place du Petit-Saconnex 821 United Nations Plaza C.P. 438 9th Floor 1211 Geneva 19 New York, N.Y. 10017 Switzerland United States of America Layout, printing and binding by Atar, Geneva Cover design by Aloys Robellaz, Les Studios Lolos, Carouge, Switzerland (Translated from the French by Jennifer Lorenzi and Patricia Deane) t Table of Contents FOREWORD ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi INTRODUCTION l PART ONE: NATURE AND DURATION OF THE PARLIAMENTARY MANDATE I. NATURE OF THE PARLIAMENTARY MANDATE 6 1. The traditional opposition between national sovereignty and popular sovereignty 6 2. The free representational mandate 8 3. The imperative mandate 9 4. A choice motivated by pragmatic rather than ideological considerations? 10 II. DURATION OF THE PARLIAMENTARY MANDATE.. -
Congressional Membership and Appointment Authority to Advisory Commissions, Boards, and Groups
Congressional Membership and Appointment Authority to Advisory Commissions, Boards, and Groups Updated February 12, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33313 Congressional Membership and Appointment Authority to Advisory Bodies Summary Over the past several decades, Congress, by statute, has established a wide array of commissions, boards, and advisory bodies to provide it with assistance in meeting various legislative, investigative, and administrative responsibilities. Some of these entities are temporary and created to serve specific functions, such as studying a discrete policy area or performing one-time tasks. Others are permanent, serving an ongoing purpose, such as overseeing an institution or performing a regular administrative function. The majority of these congressional bodies provide that Members of Congress, particularly the leadership, be intimately involved in the appointment process, either through direct service on a commission, or by appointing or recommending candidates for membership. The choice of a particular mechanism for membership appointment may have implications for the ability of these entities to fulfill their congressional mandates. Examination of the statutory language creating these bodies reveals several common approaches to membership selection. Each alternative schema has its advantages. For example, a commission or board composed entirely of Members permits a high degree of congressional control over the entity’s operations. Bodies composed mainly of qualified private citizens or executive branch appointees may provide a broader expertise than Member-only bodies. Assemblages of mixed membership provide some of the advantages of both Member and citizen-only appointment schemes. This report contains a compilation of existing commissions and boards that demonstrates the range of alternative membership-appointment structures. -
Standing Orders of the Congress of Deputies
CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES STANDING ORDERS OF THE CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES MADRID PRELIMINARY PART Constituent meeting of Congress 68, 67, 62, Section 1 1 23, 99, Following a general election to the Congress, a constituent 115 C meeting of the House shall be held in accordance with Section 68.6 Calling of the meeting 147 SO of the Constitution, on such day and at such time as specified in the 168 C Royal Decree issued to call the election. 5 SO Section 2 Provisional The constituent meeting shall be chaired initially by the oldest of Bureau the Members-elect present, assisted by the two youngest acting as Secretaries. Section 3 1. The Chairperson shall open proceedings and one of the 36 SO Secretaries shall read out the Royal Decree calling the election, the Procedure at roll of Members-elect and any appeals lodged against the election Meeting results, specifying the Members-elect who may be affected by the decision on such appeals. 2. The Bureau of the Congress shall then be elected in Election of accordance with the procedure described in Section 37 hereof. final Bureau 37 SO Section 4 Oath or pledge of 1. After the voting has concluded, those elected shall take an oath 9 C allegiance to or pledge to observe the Constitution, for which purpose their names 20, 59 SO the shall be called out in alphabetical order. The Speaker shall then Constitution declare Congress constituted, and shall adjourn the sitting. 2. The constitution of Congress shall be notified by the Speaker to the King, the Senate and the Government. -
Victory! Victory Over Japan Day Is the Day on Which Japan Surrendered in World War II, in Effect Ending the War
AugustAAuugugusstt 201622001166 BRINGING HISTORY TO LIFE See pages 24-26! Victory! Victory over Japan Day is the day on which Japan surrendered in World War II, in effect ending the war. The term has been applied to both of the days on which the initial announcement of Japan’s surrender was made – to the afternoon of August 15, 1945, in Japan, and, because of time zone differences, to August 14, 1945. AmericanAmerican servicemenservicemen andand womenwomen gathergather inin frontfront ofof “Rainbow“Rainbow Corner”Corner” RedRed CrossCross clubclub inin ParisParis toto celebratecelebrate thethe unconditionalunconditional surrendersurrender ofof thethe Japanese.Japanese. 1515 AugustAugust 19451945 Over 200 NEW & RESTOCK Items Inside These Pages! • PLASTICPPLAASSSTTIIC MODELM KITS • MODEL ACCESSORIES • BOOKS & MAGAZINES • PAINTS & TOOLS • GIFTS & COLLECTIBLES See back cover for full details. Order Today at WWW.SQUADRON.COM or call 1-877-414-0434 August Cover Version 1.indd 1 7/7/2016 1:02:36 PM Dear Friends One of the most important model shows this year is taking place in Columbia, South Carolina in August…The IPMS Nationals. SQUADRON As always, the team from Squadron will be there to meet you. We look forward to this event because it gives us a chance to PRODUCTS talk to you all in person. It is the perfect time to hear any sugges- tions you might have so we can serve you even better. If you are at the Nationals, please stop by our booth to say hello. We can’t wait to meet you and hear all about your hobby experi- ences. On top of that, you’ll receive a Squadron shopping bag NEW with goodies! Our booth number is 819. -
TDH N°3 (02/05/2017)
Le Temps des Hélices n e r r o t n e d Le Caudron G-3, n a V l’emblème k c de l’Amicale… i r é d é r F N°3 - Cerny-La Ferté-Alais / Mai 2 017 © e 2 45 édition Actualités à La Ferté… 3 Sommaire du “Temps n 2 - Edito des Hélices” Volez en Ju-52 ou en DH-104 Dove ! qui se complète au fil des semaines. 45 e édition du “Temps des Hélices” Les 3 et 4 juin, ces vols de 30 mn environ – 20 mai : T-6 à Cosne-sur-Loire 3 - L’actualité de l’AJBS auront lieu entre 9h00 et 12h00, soit avant le – 20 et 21 mai : Ju-52 à Saint-André de l’Eure. ue de chemin parcouru début du meeting. Un Junkers Ju-52 de la –1er -2 juillet : Ju-52 à Coburg. Quelques nouvelles er 6 - Largage en Ju-52 en 45 éditions de ce société suisse Ju Air peut accueillir 17 passa - –1 -2 juillet : Skyraider et Zero à Juvancourt. Q er Le Ju autorisé largage avec SOA meeting… On est désormais gers. Ceux-ci retrouveront l’ambiance des –1 -2 juillet : Se-5a et MS-317 à Saint-Dizier 8 - Hurricane MkIIA loin des premières manifesta - voyages aériens de la fin des années 1930… – 17 septembre : MS-317 et Ju-52 à Laval Un vétéran de la Bataille de France tions organisées entre Pour les années 1950, c’est à bord d’un De – 17 septembre : Zero à Dinan copains sur le plateau de l’Ar - Havilland DH-104 Dove, appartenant à Meier - n denay, au début des années Motors (Allemagne), qu’il faut s’envoler. -
SB 14-62 European Commission and European Parliament 2014-2019
The Scottish Parliament and Scottish Parliament Infor mation C entre l ogos. SPICe Briefing European Commission and European Parliament 2014-2019 23 October 2014 14/62 Iain McIver This short briefing for MSPs provides details of the composition of the new European Parliament following the European Parliamentary elections and the new European Commission to be led by Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker. European Parliament Chamber (Courtesy of the European Parliament) CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 3 THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT................................................................................................................................. 5 Number of Seats in the European Parliament by Member State ......................................................................... 5 COMPOSITION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 2014-2019 .......................................................................... 6 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS ................................................................... 6 UK REPRESENTATION WITHIN THE PARLIAMENTARY GROUPS .................................................................... 7 SCOTLAND’S SIX EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT REPRESENTATIVES .................................................................. 7 THE 20 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT COMMITTEES .............................................................................................. -
Address Section
ADDRESS SECTION DIRECfORY OF THE MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT The following list of the European Members of Parliament is arranged in alphabetical order by country. European MPs are given in alphabetical order by their surnames. Each entry consists of the MP's name; the political party of his own country; the political group of the European Parliament; the committee(s) of which the MP is a member; the address and telephone number of the MP. The abbreviations for the political parties of each country are given at the beginning of the list for that country. The abbreviations for the political groups of the European Parliament are as follows: CDI Group for the Technical Co L Liberal and Democratic Group ordination and Defence of Inde NI Non-attached pendent Groups and Members PPE Group of the European People's COM Communist and Allies Group Party {Christian democratic Dep Group of European Progressive Group} Democrats s Socialist group ED European Democratic Group BELGIUM (abbreviations of political parties) S.P. Socialistische Partij F.D.F.-R.W. Front democratique des Fran- P.S. Parti Socialiste cophones (Rassemblement C.V.P.-E.V.P. Christelijke Volkspartij Wallon) (Europese Volkspartij) P .R.L. Parti des reformes et de Ia Liberte P.S.C.-P.P.E. Parti social-chretien (Parti P.V.V.-E.L.D. Partij voor vrijheid en voo Populaire Europeen) ruitgang (Europese Liberalen en Demokraten) Volksunie V.U. Volksunie Breyer de Ryke, Luc. P.R.L.; L; Committee on Youth, Culture, Education, Information and Sport; Delegation to the Joint Parliamentary Committee of the EEC-Greece Association; 19a avenue du Gui, B-1180 Brussels (374-30-70) CoDa, Marcel G.B. -
Standing Orders of the Congress of Deputies
CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES STANDING ORDERS OF THE CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES MADRID 2004 STANDING ORDERS OF THE CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Page PRELIMINARY PART. Constituent meeting of Congress........................... 145 PART I. Status of Members................................................................ 146 Chapter I. Rights of Members.................................................................. 146 Chapter II. Parliamentary Privileges ........................................................ 148 Chapter Ill. Duties of Members ................................................................ 150 Chapter IV. Acquisition, suspension and loss of Member Status............ 151 PART II. Parliamentary Groups........................................................... 152 PART III. Organization of Congress..................................................... 155 Chapter I. The Bureau ............................................................................. 155 Division I. Functions of the Bureau and its members.......................... 155 Division 2. Election of members of the Bureau ................................... 158 Chapter II. The Board of Spokesmen...................................................... 159 Chapter Ill. Committees ........................................................................... 160 Division 1. Committees. General rules ................................................ 160 Division 2. Standing Committees......................................................... 163 Division 3. Ad hoc Committees...........................................................