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AQUACULTURE ILLUSTRATED by A.P Lures and wild fish fry Item Type article Authors Surtida, Augusto P.; Ledesma, Edgar T. Download date 04/10/2021 03:58:38 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35057 AQUACULTURE ILLUSTRATED by a.p. surtida and e.t. ledesma THE PHILIPPINES RANKS AMONG THE WORLD’S LA R G E ST FISH PR O DUCER. AQUACULTURE CONSTITUT ES ABOUT 3 5 % OF TOTAL FISH PRODUCTION MAINLY FROM SHRIM PS, SEAWEEDS, MILKFISH AND TILAPIA . SHRIMP, TILAPIA, CARP, AND TO A CERTAIN EXTENT THE REST, PARTICULARLY OTHER FISH MILKFISH, HAVE WELL-DEVELOPED HATCHERY INDUS­ SPECIES, STILL DEPEND ON WILD-CAUGHT FRY TRIES THAT PROVIDE FRY O R FING ERLINGS TO WHOSE SUPPLY IS LIMITED AND SEASONAL GROW-OUT POND, CASE AND PEN OWNERS. MILKFISH HAS A WELL-DEVELOPED G ROW-OUT INDUSTRY, FRY GROUNDS ARE USUALLY SANDY BUT AS OF 1998, ONLY ONE COMMERCIAL HATCHERY IS BEACHES, RIVER MOUTHS, TIDAL CREEKS, ON RECORD. THE INDUSTRY STILL DEPENDS ON WILD-CAUGHT FRY... AND MANGROVE SWAMPS... AMONG CULTURED SPECIES THAT RELY ON WILD-CAUGHT F R Y A R E : GROUPER, SEABASS, M A P OF THE PHILIPPINES SHOWING MILKFISH MILKFISH, SN A PPER, SPADE FISH AND SIGANIDS. FRY GROUNDS: GROUPER FRY HAVE A CONTINUOUS DORSAL FIN. YOUNGER ONES MAY HAVE ELONGATED SECOND DORSAL AND PELVIC SPINES SIMILAR TO SNAPPERS. SEABASS FRY OF DIFFERENT STAGES: NOTE THE DORSAL HEAD STRIPE, LENGTH VARIES FROM 5-20m m ... LATE POST LARVAE MILKFISH FRY ARE 10 -17mm IN SNAPPER LARVAE HAVE AN ELONGATED LENGTH, IT IS ABOUT 2 - 3 WEEKS OLD FROM THE TIME OF SECOND DORSAL AND PELVIC SPINE. THEY SPAWNING. FINGERLINGS ARE 15-100 mm IN LENGTH, ALSO HAVE LARGE MOUTH WITH CANINE- ABOUT 1 - 2 MONTHS O LD . LIKE TEETH. SPADEFISH (SCATOPHAGUS ARGUS) FRY ARE BLACK, ALMOST DISCOIDAL IN BODY OUTLINE AND HAVE A BONY HEAD ARMOR. SLIGHTLY OLDER ONES ARE BROWN WITH BLACK SPOTS. TRADITIONAL METHODS OF COLLECTING FRY T H E S E TRADITIONAL DEVICES ARE MADE OF TWIGS DEPENDS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE FRY AND OR PALM LEAVES THAT ARE SET IN SHALLOW BRACKISH­ FING E R LING S. WATER MANGROVE AREAS. THEY ATTRACT GROUPER AND SEABASS FRY WHICH HIDE AND TAKE SHELTER IN THEM. BRUSH PILES, LOCALLY CALLED "P ADUGMON" OR "PADUM - O K " ARE SIMILAR TO ROCK MOUNDS BUT ARB MADE OF TREE BRANCHES/TWIGS AND PALM LEAVES HARVESTING IS SIMILAR TO RO CK MOUNDS. ROCK MOUNDS O R "GA N G O " IS A HARVESTING IS CARRIED OUT WITH CONICAL FILE OF ROCKS OR DEAD THE USE OF ENCIRCLING NET DURING CORALS. IT IS CONSIDERED TO THE LOW TIDE. AFTER THE NET HAS B E THE MOST ECO -FRIENDLY BEEN SET-UP, THE ROCKS ARE TAKEN COLLECTION METHOD FOR FRY OUT ONE BY ONE WHILE F ISHES TAKE AND FING ERLING. THE "GANGO" REFUGE INSIDE THE POUCH OF THE IS USUALLY 0 .5 TO 1.3 METERS NET. WHEN THE LAST ROCK HAS HIGH. IT IS COLONIZED BEEN TAKEN OUT AND THE LAST BY FISHES IN TH E F ISH COLLECTED, THE ROCKS IMMEDIATE ARE RETURNED TO T H E I R VICINITY... ORIGINAL P L A C E S . IN PANAY ISLAND, CENTRAL PHILIPPINES, FOR GROUPER FRY, PALAWAN APPEARS THERE IS A WIDE VARIETY OF COLLECTION TO HAVE THE RICHEST FRY GROUND. GEAR USED FOR MILKFISH FRY. BUT TO GET AQUACULTURE MOVING T H E INDUSTRY HAS TO DEPEND LESS ON WILD CAUGHT FRY, WHICH ARE UNPREDICT­ A B LE, SEASONAL AND SUBJECT TO THE VAGARIES OF NATURE. THAT IS WHY R & D INSTITUTIONS LIKE THE TIG BAUAN, ILOILO-B ASED SEAFDEC/AQUACULTURE DEPARTMENT STUDY AND DEVELOP CAPTIVE BROODSTOCK AND SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES TO HELP THE INDUSTRY LESSEN ITS DEPENDENCY ON THE UNCERTAINTIES OF WILD FRY. OVER THE YEARS SEAFDEC/AQD HAS DEVELOPED BROODSTOCK AND HATCHERY TECHNOLOGY FOR MILKFISH, G ROUP E R , CATFISH, RABBITFISH, BIG HEAD C A R P , SEA BASS, TILAPIA, TIGER SHRIMP AND MUDCRAB. OTHER SPECIES UNDER STUDY ARE SNAPPER, MARINE ORNAMENTAL FISH INC LUDING SEAHORSE AND ABALONE. For more info: FAX: (63-33) 33 6 -28 9 1 e-m a il: [email protected] afdec.org.ph.
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