Clean & Unclean Meats God expects all who desire to have a relationship with Him to live holy lives (Exodus 19:6; 1 Peter 1:15). The Bible says following God’s instructions regarding the meat we eat is one aspect of living a holy life (Leviticus 11:44-47). Modern research indicates that there are health bene ts to eating only the meat of animals approved by God and avoiding those He labels as unclean.

Here is a summation of the clean (acceptable to eat) and unclean (not acceptable to eat) animals found in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14. For further explanation, see the LifeHopeandTruth.com article “Clean and Unclean Animals.”

BIRDS CLEAN

(Eggs of these birds are also clean) Chicken Prairie chicken Dove Ptarmigan Duck Quail Goose Sage grouse (sagehen) Grouse Sparrow (and all other Guinea fowl songbirds; but not those of Partridge the corvid family) Peafowl (peacock) Swan (the KJV translation of “swan” is a mistranslation) Pheasant Teal Pigeon Turkey

BIRDS UNCLEAN Leviticus 11:13-19

(Eggs of these birds are also unclean)

All birds of prey Cormorant (raptors) including: Crane Buzzard Crow (and all Condor other corvids) Eagle Cuckoo Ostrich Falcon Egret Parrot Kite Flamingo Pelican Hawk Glede Penguin Osprey Grosbeak Plover Owl Gull Raven Vulture Heron Roadrunner Lapwing Stork Other birds including: Loon Swallow Albatross Magpie Swi Bat Martin Water hen Bittern Ossifrage Woodpecker

ANIMALS CLEAN Leviticus 11:3; Deuteronomy 14:4-6

(Milk from these animals is also clean) Addax Hart Antelope Hartebeest Beef (meat of domestic cattle) Hirola chews cloven Bison (or bualo) Ibex the cud hooves Blackbuck Impala Blesbok Kafue lechwe Bongo Kudu Reedbuck Bovine (of the cattle species, Klipspringer Reindeer including bison, ox and elk) Lamb Sheep (all species) Bualo (or bison) Markhor Sitatunga Bushbuck Moose Springbok Caribou Muntjac Steenbok Deer (all species) Musk ox Takin Dik-dik Mutton (meat of Eland older sheep) Topi Elk Nilgai Tsessebe Gazelle Nyala Urial Gemsbok Okapi Veal (young beef) Gerenuk Oribi Waterbuck Girae Oryx Wildebeest Goat (all species) Ox Yak Goral Pronghorn

ANIMALS UNCLEAN Leviticus 11:4-8, 20-23, 26-27, 29-31

(Milk from these animals is also unclean) Lizard Alpaca Llama Banger (pork sausage) Mole Bear Mouse Boar Mule Camel Opossum Squirrel Cat, feline (all species) Peccary Swine (pig) Dog, canine (all species) Pepperoni (a pork sausage) Turtle Donkey Porcine (of pig/swine Zebra origin) Frog Pork (pig meat) Gammon (cured ham) All rodents, reptiles Prosciutto (dry-cured ham) Ham (dried or and amphibians smoked pig meat) Raccoon Hare Rabbit All insects are Hog Rat unclean, except for locusts, crickets and Horse Sable grasshoppers Lard (rendered pig fat) Snake

FISH CLEAN Leviticus 11:9; Deuteronomy 14:9

Albacore Haddock Anchovy Hake Barracuda Halibut Bass (all species, fresh and Hardtail saltwater) (blue runner) Black sh Herring Blueback (all species) scales ns Blue sh Horse mackerel Bluegill Jack sh (all species Scup except leatherjack) Bone sh Sea bass King sh Bonito Sergeant sh Mackerel (all species) Bow n Sea trout Mahimahi Bream (and Ray’s bream) Seer sh Menhaden Bualo sh Shad Milk sh Butter sh Sheepshead Mullet (all species) Carp (all species) Silver hake Muskellunge Caviar ( sh eggs—clean Silverside only if from a clean sh) Orange roughy Smelt Chinook Perch (all species) Snapper (all species) Chub (all species) Pickerel Snook Cod (all species) Pigfish Sole Coho Pike (all species) Steelhead trout Crappie Pilchard (sardine) or salmon Crevalle Pollack Sucker Croaker Pompano Sun sh Darter Porgy (scup) Tarpon Dolphin sh (not the Robalo Tilapia mammal of same name) Red n Trout (all species) Drum (all species) Red sh Tuna (all species) Flounder (all species) Red snapper Turbot (most Frost sh (ice sh, smelt) Rock sh species except Goby Roe ( sh eggs or European turbot) Gold sh caviar—clean only if from a Walleye clean sh) Grayling Weak sh Salmon (all species) Grouper White sh Sardine Grunion Whiting Sauger Grunt

SEA CREATURES UNCLEAN Leviticus 11:10-12

Abalone (type of mollusk) Jelly sh Basa sh (type of cat sh) Limpet Beluga sturgeon (known for Lobster its caviar) Mollusk Blow sh Mussel Bullhead (type of cat sh) Octopus Calamari (squid) Oyster Shrimp Cat sh (all species) Paddle sh Snail (escargot) Caviar ( sh eggs—unclean (spoonbill) Squid when from an unclean sh) Prawn Stickleback Clam (and clam juice) (shrimplike crustacean) Sturgeon Crab Puer sh Swai Crawdad Scallop Sword sh (has scales Cray sh Sculpin when young but loses Cuttle sh Seal them by adulthood) Dolphin (porpoise) Sea urchin Tra (type of cat sh) Eel Shark Walrus Escargot (snail) Shell sh (all shell sh) Whale

For further explanation, see the LifeHopeandTruth.com article “Clean and Unclean Animals.”