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Les Musées De Sites Archéologiques Appréhendés En Tant Que Vecteurs

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Les Musées De Sites Archéologiques Appréhendés En Tant Que Vecteurs Les musées de sites archéologiques appréhendés en tant que vecteurs de développement local à travers trois études de cas préfigurant la mise en valeur opérationnelle du site de Chellah Marc Terrisse To cite this version: Marc Terrisse. Les musées de sites archéologiques appréhendés en tant que vecteurs de développement local à travers trois études de cas préfigurant la mise en valeur opérationnelle du site de Chellah. Archéologie et Préhistoire. Université du Maine, 2011. Français. NNT : 2011LEMA3006. tel- 00654271 HAL Id: tel-00654271 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654271 Submitted on 21 Dec 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. *#"#1+2'L0#1 INTRODUCTION GENERALE ............................................................................................ 5 PREMIERE PARTIE - L’EVOLUTION DES CONCEPTS D’ARCHEOLOGIE, DE MUSEE ET DE TOURISME ................................................................................................ 10 I- L’archéologie et les musées fruits du mouvement intellectuel de la Renaissance ........ 11 1- Les premières collections de l’Antiquité et du Moyen-Âge ........................................... 11 2- La naissance de l’archéologie ......................................................................................... 13 3- Les premiers musées ....................................................................................................... 14 II- Romantisme, conquête européenne du monde et ses conséquences sur l’archéologie et les musées ................................................................................................................................ 16 1- La conquête européenne du monde ................................................................................. 16 2- Le mouvement romantique .............................................................................................. 18 3- L’évolution des institutions muséales ............................................................................. 24 III- Les premiers pas du tourisme culturel à connotation archéologique ......................... 26 1- Le « Grand Tour » ........................................................................................................... 26 2- L’émergence du tourisme moderne ................................................................................. 27 IV- Le XX ème siècle et ses mutations socio-économiques .................................................... 28 1- Les congés payés et l’émergence du tourisme de masse ................................................. 29 2- Le patrimoine et les musée de la seconde moitié du XX ème ............................................ 32 3- La situation au Maroc ...................................................................................................... 39 V- L’évolution du tourisme ................................................................................................... 42 1- Un phénomène devenu incontournable ........................................................................... 42 2- Les nouvelles formes de tourisme ................................................................................... 44 3- Sociologie du tourisme et des pratiques culturelles ........................................................ 46 VI- L’évolution de la notion de patrimoine : vers une démarche holistique .................... 52 1- Révolution Française, Turath et patrimoine mondial ...................................................... 52 2- Evolution contemporaine du concept de patrimoine au Maroc....................................... 61 3- Le patrimoine mondial au Maroc .................................................................................... 66 4- Patrimoine, tourisme et développement local ................................................................. 68 5- Patrimoine et économie ................................................................................................... 72 VII- L’évolution contemporaine des musées ....................................................................... 74 1- Les différents types de musées ........................................................................................ 76 2- les derniers développements contemporains au Maroc en terme de musées .................. 81 VIII- Musées et patrimoine : une approche holistique ....................................................... 92 1- La connaissance des attentes du public et le marketing touristique ................................ 94 2- De la nécessaire association des différents acteurs ......................................................... 98 3- Les différentes stratégies muséographiques .................................................................. 105 4- Produits annexes et insertion dans l’offre touristique ................................................... 114 1 IX- Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 117 DEUXIEME PARTIE - ETUDES DE CAS ....................................................................... 119 I- Les différents champs d’investigation retenus .............................................................. 120 1- Historique du site .......................................................................................................... 121 2- L’histoire du projet : jeu d’acteurs et approche technique ............................................ 121 3- Les choix muséographiques .......................................................................................... 122 4- Equipements et activités connexes ................................................................................ 122 5- Gestion, intégration touristique et politique de communication ................................... 123 6- Impact en terme de développement local ...................................................................... 123 7- Méthodologie ................................................................................................................ 124 II- Les expériences sélectionnées ......................................................................................... 125 1- Les critères de sélection ................................................................................................ 125 2- Les expériences présélectionnées et les trois études de cas retenues ............................ 127 III- Pointe à Callière, musée d’Histoire et d’Archéologie de Montréal .......................... 137 1- L’histoire du site............................................................................................................ 137 2- L’histoire du projet ........................................................................................................ 140 3- L’architecture et les choix muséographiques ................................................................ 144 4- Les choix muséographiques .......................................................................................... 148 5- La gestion ...................................................................................................................... 152 6- Les manifestations et équipements annexes .................................................................. 155 7- L’insertion dans l’offre touristique et culturelle et l’impact du musée ......................... 157 IV- Le musée gallo-romain du site de Saint-Romain en Gal ............................................ 159 1- L’histoire du site............................................................................................................ 159 2- L’historique du projet : architecture et choix muséographiques ................................... 162 3- Jeu d’acteurs .................................................................................................................. 173 4- Les processus de gestion et d’organisation ................................................................... 176 5- L’impact en terme de fréquentation et les liens avec la population locale ................... 178 6- Les événements et équipements annexes ...................................................................... 179 7- Intégration dans l’offre touristique et culturelle ............................................................ 185 V- Les musées archéologiques de Saragosse : la Route de Caesaraugusta ..................... 188 1- La nature des vestiges archéologiques .......................................................................... 188 2- L’histoire du projet et du processus décisionnel ........................................................... 191 3- Architecture et intégration urbaine ................................................................................ 193 4- Choix muséographiques ................................................................................................ 196 5- Manifestions et Equipements annexes .........................................................................
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