St. Jerome Commentary on Matthew
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THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH A NEW TRANSLATION VOLUME 117 THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH A NEW TRANSLATION EDITORIAL BOARD Thomas P. Halton The Catholic University of America Editorial Director Elizabeth Clark Robert D. Sider Duke University Dickinson College Joseph T. Lienhard, S.J. Michael Slusser Fordham University Duquesne University David G. Hunter Cynthia White University of Kentucky The University of Arizona Kathleen McVey Rebecca Lyman Princeton Theological Seminary Church Divinity School of the Pacific David J. McGonagle Director The Catholic University of America Press FORMER EDITORIAL DIRECTORS Ludwig Schopp, Roy J. Deferrari, Bernard M. Peebles, Hermigild Dressler, O.F.M. Carole Monica C. Burnett Staff Editor ST. JEROME COMMENTARY ON MATTHEW Translated by THOMAS P. SCHECK Ave Maria University THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA PRESS Washington, D.C. Copyright © 2008 THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA PRESS All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standards for Information Science--Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI z39.48—1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jerome, Saint, d. 419 or 20. [Commentariorum in Evangelium Matthei libri quatuor. English] Commentary on Matthew / St. Jerome ; translated by Thomas P. Scheck. p. cm. -- (The fathers of the church ; v. 117) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and indexes. ISBN 978-0-8132-0117-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Bible. N.T. Matthew-- Commentaries. I. Scheck, Thomas P., 1964– II. Title. BR65.J473C6413 2008 226.2'077--dc22 2008011349 Dedicated in friendship and affection to Father Ken Kuntz, Pastor of St. Mary’s Catholic Church, Iowa City, Iowa CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi Select Bibliography xiii Introduction 3 1. General Introduction 3 2. Jerome’s Life and Works 5 3. The Origenist Controversies 13 4. Jerome’s Commentary on Matthew 15 5. Sources of Jerome’s Exposition: Origen 19 6. Jerome’s Exegetical Method 24 7. Themes of Jerome’s Commentary on Matthew 30 8. Influence and Printed Editions 46 COMMENTARY ON MATTHEW Preface 51 Book One (Matthew 1.1–10.42) 59 Matthew 1 59 Matthew 6 86 Matthew 2 64 Matthew 7 92 Matthew 3 68 Matthew 8 98 Matthew 4 71 Matthew 9 105 Matthew 5 74 Matthew 10 114 Book Two (Matthew 11.2–16.12) 128 Matthew 11 128 Matthew 14 166 Matthew 12 138 Matthew 15 177 Matthew 13 151 Matthew 16 186 Book Three (Matthew 16.13–22.40) 189 Matthew 16, continued 189 Matthew 20 222 Matthew 17 197 Matthew 21 230 Matthew 18 206 Matthew 22 248 Matthew 19 214 viii CONTENTS Book Four (Matthew 22.41–28.20) 257 Matthew 22, continued 257 Matthew 26 291 Matthew 23 258 Matthew 27 308 Matthew 24 269 Matthew 28 324 Matthew 25 281 INDICES General Index 331 Index of Holy Scripture 337 Index of Greek Words Cited 347 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Dr. Ralph McInerny, Director of the Jacques Maritain Center at the University of Notre Dame, who award- ed me a post-doctoral fellowship for the 2004–5 academic year. Much of the present work is the fruit of that year of research. Craig Gibson, my Latin teacher at the University of Iowa, assist- ed in the translation of Jerome’s Preface. Carl Beckwith offered valuable criticisms of the Introduction. The Staff Editor, Carole Monica Burnett, offered wise and learned counsel, as did my friend and colleague Jay Martin of South Bend. ix ABBREVIATIONS ACC Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture. Ed. Thomas C. Oden. Downers Grove, Intervarsity. ANF Ante-Nicene Fathers. 1890. Reprint. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994. CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly. CCSL Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina. Turnhout and Paris. CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum. Vienna. CWE Collected Works of Erasmus. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974–. DCB A Dictionary of Christian Biography. Ed. W. Smith and H. Wace. 4 vols. London, 1887. EEC Encyclopedia of the Early Church. Ed. A. Di Berardino. 2 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Ep. Epistle. FOTC Fathers of the Church. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1947–. GCS Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1897–1949. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1953–. HTR Harvard Theological Review. JBL Journal of Biblical Literature. JTS Journal of Theological Studies. LCL Loeb Classical Library. M Migne. NJBC The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. Ed. R. E. Brown, J. A. Fitzmyer, R. E. Murphy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990. NPNF A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church. 1890. Reprint. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994. NT New Testament. xi xii ABBREVIATIONS NTA New Testament Apocrypha. Ed. E. Hennecke and W. Schneemelcher. NTS New Testament Studies. OT Old Testament. PG Patrologiae Cursus Completus: Series Graeca. Ed. J.-P. Migne. Paris, 1857–66. PL Patrologiae Cursus Completus: Series Latina. Ed. J.-P. Migne. Paris, 1878–90. SC Sources chrétiennes. Paris: Cerf. TU Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur. Berlin, 1882–. VC Vigiliae Christianae. Amsterdam: North-Holland Pub. Co., 1947–. SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Texts and Translations Jerome Archer, G., trans. Jerome’s Commentary on Daniel. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1958. Bonnard, E., ed. Saint Jérôme: Commentaire sur S. Matthieu. 2 vols. SC 242, 259. Paris: Cerf, 1977, 1979. Ewald, M. L., trans. The Homilies of Saint Jerome. 2 vols. FOTC 48, 57. Heine, R. E. The Commentaries of Origen and Jerome on St. Paul’s Epistle to the Ephesians. Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Hurst, D., and M. Adriaen, eds. Sancti Hieronymi Presbyteri. Commentariorum in Mathaeum libri iv. CCSL 77. Turnhout: Brepols, 1969. Migne, J.-P., ed. PL 26: 15–218. Simonetti, M., ed. Matthew 1–13. Matthew 14–28. ACC, New Testament 1a, 1b. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 2001–2. Origen Klostermann, E., and E. Benz, eds. Origenes Matthäuserklärung I. Die grie- chischerhaltenen Tomoi (Origenes Werke, X). Leipzig, 1935. ———, eds. Origenes Matthäuserklärung II. Die lateinische Übersetzung der Commentariorum Series (bearbeitet von U. Treu) (Origenes Werke, XI). Berlin, 1976. ———, eds. Origenes Matthäuserklärung III. Fragmente und Indices (Ori- genes Werke, XII/1). Leipzig, 1941. Klostermann, E., and L. Fruchtel, eds. Origenes Matthäuserklärung III. Fragmente und Indices (zweite durchgesehene Auflage besorgt von U. Treu) (Origenes werke, XII/2). Berlin, 1968. Secondary Works Balas, D. “Marcion Revisited: A ‘Post-Harnack’ Perspective.” In Texts and Testaments: Critical Essays on the Bible and Early Church Fathers. Ed. W. E. March. San Antonio: Trinity University Press, 1980. Pp. 95–108. Bardy, G. “Jérôme et ses maîtres hébreux.” Revue Bénédictine 46 (1934): 145–64. xiii xiv SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Brown, D. Vir Trilinguis: A Study in the Biblical Exegesis of Saint Jerome. Kampen: Kok Pharos Publishing House, 1992. Campenhausen, H. von. The Fathers of the Church. Peabody, MA: Hen- drickson, 2000. Cavallera, F. Saint Jérôme: Sa vie et son oeuvre. 2 vols. Paris, 1922. Clark, E. The Origenist Controversy: The Cultural Construction of an Early Christian Debate. Princeton, 1992. ———. “The Place of Jerome’s Commentary on Ephesians in the Origen- ist Controversy.” VC 41 (1987): 154–71. Courcelle, P. Late Latin Writers and their Greek Sources. Trans. H. E. Wedeck. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1969. Daniélou, J. A History of Early Christian Doctrine. Volume 1: The Theology of Jewish Christianity. Trans. and ed. John A. Baker. Chicago: The Henry Regnery Company, 1964. Encyclopedia of the Early Church. Ed. A. Di Berardino. 2 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Fokke, G. “An Aspect of the Christology of Erasmus of Rotterdam.” Ephemerides Theologiae Lovanienses 54 (1978): 161–87. Erasmus, Desiderius. Patristic Scholarship: The Edition of St Jerome. Edited, translated, and annotated by James F. Brady and John C. Olin. Collected Works of Erasmus 61. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992. Farkasfalvy, D. “Theology of Scripture in St. Irenaeus.” Revue Bénédictine 78 (1968): 318–33. Hale Williams, Megan. The Monk and the Book: Jerome and the Making of Christian Scholarship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Hennecke, E., and W. Schneemelcher, eds. New Testament Apocrypha. 2 vols. Trans. R. Wilson. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1959. Hilary of Poitiers (Hilaire de Poitiers). Sur Matthieu (In Matthaeum I & II). Ed. J. Doignon. SC 254, 258. Paris: Cerf, 1978–79. Kamesar, A. Jerome, Greek Scholarship, and the Hebrew Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Kelly, J. N. D. Jerome: His Life, Writings, and Controversies. New York: Har- per & Row, 1975. Klijn, A. F. J., and G. J. Reinink. Patristic Evidence for Jewish-Christian Sects. Leiden: Brill, 1973. Lardet, P. L’Apologie de Jérôme contre Rufin: Un Commentaire. Leiden: Brill, 1993. Largent, A. Saint Jerome. Translated by Hester Davenport. With preface by George Tyrrell. London: Duckworth; New York: Benziger, 1900. Layton, R. A. Didymus the Blind and his Circle in Late-Antique Alexandria. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004. ———.“From ‘Holy Passion’ to Sinful Emotion: Jerome and the Doctrine of Propassio.” In P. M. Blowers, et al., eds. Dominico Eloquio—In Lordly Eloquence: Essays on Patristic Exegesis in Honor of Robert Louis Wilken. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002. Pp. 280–93. Lienhard, J. “Origen and the Crisis of the Old Testament in the Early Church.” Pro Ecclesia 9.3 (2000): 355–66. SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY xv Lightfoot, J. The Apostolic Fathers. 5 vols. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1989. Lubac, Henri de. Medieval Exegesis. Volume 1: The Four Senses of Scripture. Trans. M. Sebanc. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998. Originally pu- blished as Exégèse médiéval, 1. Les quatre sens de l’écriture, 1959. ———. Medieval Exegesis. Vol. 2 : The Four Senses of Scripture. Trans. E. M. Macierowski. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000. Originally published as Exégèse médiéval, 2. Les quatre sens de l’écriture, 1959. ———. History and Spirit: The Understanding of Scripture according to Origen.