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Governance for Public Values in European Railways GOVERNANCE FOR PUBLIC VALUES IN EUROPEAN RAILWAYS A comparative research among European countries to understand how they pursue public values through the governance of their railways V.A.W. Leussink November 2015 Governance for Public Values in European Railways ii Governance for Public Values in European Railways GOVERNANCE FOR PUBLIC VALUES IN EUROPEAN RAILWAYS A comparative research among European countries to understand how they pursue public values through the governance of their railways Author V.A.W. Leussink Student number 1510916 Graduation date 30th of November, 2015 Course SPM5910 Master Thesis Project Graduation section Policy, Organisation, Law & Gaming Master Systems Engineering, Policy Analysis and Management Faculty Technology, Policy and Management (TPM) Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX, Delft University Delft University of Technology Graduation committee Chair Prof. mr. dr. E.F. ten Heuvelhof (POLG) First supervisor Dr. W.W. Veeneman (POLG) Second supervisor Dr. ir. J. Baggen (TLO) External supervisor AEF Dr. M. Veraart External supervisor AEF Jane Fain MSc Commissioned by Andersson Elffers Felix (AEF) Maliebaan 16 3581 CN, Utrecht iii Governance for Public Values in European Railways TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................. VI LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... VII SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... VIII SAMENVATTING .............................................................................................................................. X ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ XIII 1. INTRODUCTION ON PUBLIC VALUES IN EUROPEAN RAILWAYS .......................... 1 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 UNCERTAINTIES WITH REGARD TO PUBLIC VALUES IN PUBLIC RAIL TRANSPORT ............................. 3 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................................................................. 4 2. RESEARCH APPROACH ....................................................................................................... 6 2.1 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 LARGE SELECTION OF COUNTRIES .............................................................................................................. 8 3. LITERATURE ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 LITERATURE ON PUBLIC VALUES ............................................................................................................ 10 3.2 LITERATURE ON ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS ........................................................................................ 13 4. PUBLIC VALUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS EUROPEAN RAILWAYS ... 16 4.1 APPROACH PUBLIC VALUES ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 16 4.2 PUBLIC VALUES FOR RAILWAYS FORMULATED BY EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS ............................. 18 4.3 RESEARCH APPROACH FOR ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS ..................................................................... 19 4.4 ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS IN EUROPEAN RAILWAY SECTORS .......................................................... 21 4.5 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 25 5. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EUROPEAN RAILWAYS .................................... 28 5.1 KPI METHOD ............................................................................................................................................... 28 5.2 QUALITY OF SERVICE ................................................................................................................................. 39 5.3 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 44 6. IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS ON PERFORMANCE ............................. 46 6.1 HYPOTHESES FOR COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 46 6.2 COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE FOR ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS .................................................... 46 6.3 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 52 7. CASE STUDIES ..................................................................................................................... 55 7.1 SMALL SELECTION OF COUNTRIES FOR CASE STUDIES ......................................................................... 55 7.2 RESEARCH APPROACH CASE STUDIES ...................................................................................................... 55 7.3 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 57 7.4 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 60 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................. 62 8.1 FINAL CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................. 62 8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 63 iv Governance for Public Values in European Railways DISCUSSION AND REFLECTION ................................................................................................. 66 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................... 68 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................ 74 APPENDIX A: SELECTION OF COUNTRIES .............................................................................. 78 APPENDIX A-1: SELECTION OF COUNTRIES .......................................................................................... 79 APPENDIX B: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC VALUES ...................................................................... 82 APPENDIX B-1: PUBLIC VALUES PER COUNTRY ................................................................................. 83 APPENDIX B-2: DEFINITIONS OF PUBLIC VALUES ............................................................................. 88 APPENDIX C: OVERVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES ..................................... 92 APPENDIX C-1: ILLUSTRATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES .................................... 93 APPENDIX C-2: TEXTUAL DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES .................. 104 APPENDIX D: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ..................................................................... 108 APPENDIX D-1: OVERVIEW RELATIVE RANKINGS .......................................................................... 109 APPENDIX E: INTERVIEWS ...................................................................................................... 114 APPENDIX E-1: INTERVIEWEES ............................................................................................................... 115 APPENDIX E-2: INTERVIEW STRUCTURE DUTCH RAILWAYS .................................................... 116 APPENDIX E-3: INTERVIEW STRUCTURE FRENCH RAILWAYS .................................................. 118 APPENDIX E-4: INTERVIEW STRUCTURE SWEDISH RAILWAYS ............................................... 119 APPENDIX E-5: INTERVIEW STRUCTURE SWISS RAILWAYS ...................................................... 120 v Governance for Public Values in European Railways LIST OF TABLES Table 1: EU Railway Policy since 1990s (Knieps and Zenhäusern 2011, Wolff 2011, Aslan 2012, POLIS 2013) .............................................................................................................. 2 Table 2: Overview of the research steps, methods and research questions per chapter .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Table 3: Overview of the countries selected for this thesis research ................................. 9 Table 4: Various definitions of the term ‘public value’ ........................................................... 12 Table 5: Public values mentioned in policy notes ..................................................................... 18 Table 6: Additional literature used by Wolff and during second verification ............... 21 Table 7: Categorization on
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