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Evaluation of Beetles Scarabaeus Sacer Derived- Chitosan, Anti-Cancer and Anti-Bacterial Potentials: in Vitro Study
Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-7, October 2018 DOI: 10.14662/ARJB2018.038 Academic Research Copy © right 2018 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 2384-616X https://www.academicresearchjournals.org/ARJB/Index.htm Full Length Research Evaluation of beetles Scarabaeus Sacer Derived- Chitosan, Anti-Cancer and Anti-bacterial Potentials: In Vitro Study Amr Abdelkader A.1*, Mohamed Maged1**, Aly Fahmy Mohamed2*** 1,2Faculty of Biotechnology, MSA university 3Head of International Center of Advanced Researches (ICTAR-Egypt) Cairo, Egypt. [email protected]* [email protected]** [email protected] /[email protected]*** Accepted 26 September 2018 Lung and colorectal cancer represent a major health problem all over the world, in addition, bacterial infections impose a serious medical and health concern. Thus, in this study, we evaluate the cytotoxic effect, anti-cancer and anti-bacterial properties of beetles derived chitosan. The study conducted using lung (A549) and colorectal (HCT-116) cancer cell lines to identify the anti-cancer effect and antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus Aureas) and gram- negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium). Cytotoxicity was evaluated by describing and measuring recoding morphological changes. The viability and related IC50 were cell type and concentration dependent. Also, related cell apoptosis was monitored using PI stain where early and late apoptosis of treated A549 cells was significantly elevated than in case of HCT-116 cell line (P<0.05). In the meantime, the necrosis % of treated cells didn't perform any changes between the two cell lines but significantly elevated than that of cell control (P<0.05). -
Ivermectin Residues Disrupt Dung Beetle Diversity, Soil Properties and Ecosystem Functioning: an Interdisciplinary field Study
Science of the Total Environment 618 (2018) 219–228 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Ivermectin residues disrupt dung beetle diversity, soil properties and ecosystem functioning: An interdisciplinary field study José R. Verdú a,⁎, Jorge M. Lobo b, Francisco Sánchez-Piñero c, Belén Gallego a, Catherine Numa d, Jean-Pierre Lumaret e, Vieyle Cortez a, Antonio J. Ortiz f,MattiaTonellia, Juan P. García-Teba a, Ana Rey b, Alexandra Rodríguez g, Jorge Durán g a I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03690, Spain b Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, José Abascal 2, Madrid E-28006, Spain c Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain d IUCN-Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Marie Curie 22, Campanillas, Málaga E-29590, Spain e UMR 5175 CEFE, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 – EPHE, Université Paul-Valéry Laboratoire Zoogéographie, Route de Mende, 34199 cedex 5 Montpellier, France f Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén E-23071, Spain g Center for Functional Ecology (CEF), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT • At the short term, ivermectin residues cause a strong decrease in dung reloca- tion and dung spreading by dung beetles. • Conventional use of ivermectin disrupts diversity by affecting species richness, abundance and biomass of dung beetles. • Reduction in the functional efficiency of dung degradation resulted in the long- term accumulation of manure. -
Spineless Spineless Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E
Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates Edited by Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Spineless Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates of the world’s Status and trends Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates Edited by Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Disclaimer The designation of the geographic entities in this report, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expressions of any opinion on the part of ZSL, IUCN or Wildscreen concerning the legal status of any country, territory, area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Citation Collen B, Böhm M, Kemp R & Baillie JEM (2012) Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates. Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom ISBN 978-0-900881-68-8 Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates (paperback) 978-0-900881-70-1 Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates (online version) Editors Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Zoological Society of London Founded in 1826, the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is an international scientifi c, conservation and educational charity: our key role is the conservation of animals and their habitats. www.zsl.org International Union for Conservation of Nature International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) helps the world fi nd pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. www.iucn.org Wildscreen Wildscreen is a UK-based charity, whose mission is to use the power of wildlife imagery to inspire the global community to discover, value and protect the natural world. -
Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Distribution of Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles in Western Europe
J Insect Conserv DOI 10.1007/s10841-013-9590-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of Scarabaeidae dung beetles in Western Europe E. Dortel • W. Thuiller • J. M. Lobo • H. Bohbot • J. P. Lumaret • P. Jay-Robert Received: 18 March 2013 / Accepted: 29 August 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract Dung beetles are indispensable in pasturelands, with little difference between scenarios. The potential especially when poor efficiency of earthworms and irreg- enrichment of northern regions depends on the achieve- ular rainfall (e.g. under a Mediterranean climate) limit pad ment of the northward shift of thermophilous species, and decomposition. Although observed and projected species climate change is generally likely to reduce the current range shifts and extinctions due to climate change have distribution of the majority of species. Under these con- been documented for plants and animals, little effort has ditions, the distribution of resource—i.e. the extent and focused on the response of keystone species such as the distribution of pastures—will be a key factor limiting scarab beetles of dung beetle decomposers. Our study aims species’ responses to climate change. The dramatic aban- to forecast the distribution of 37 common Scarabaeidae donment of extensive grazing across many low mountains dung beetle species in France, Portugal and Spain (i.e. of southern Europe may thus represent a serious threat to more than half of the western European Scarabaeidae dung beetle distribution changes. fauna) in relation to two climate change scenarios (A2 and B1) for the period leading to 2080. On average, 21 % of the Keywords Dung beetles Á Scarabaeidae Á Climate species should change in each 50-km UTM grid cell. -
Het Lot Van Endozoöchoor Verbreide Zaden
The fate of endozoochorously dispersed seeds Het lot van endozoöchoor verbreide zaden Tanja Milotić Promotor: Prof. Dr. Maurice Hoffmann Ghent University Faculty of Sciences Academic Year 2016-2017 Submitted to the faculty of Sciences of Ghent University, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Sciences Members of the examination committee Prof. Dr. Maurice Hoffmann (Ghent University/INBO, Belgium): promotor Prof. Dr. Dries Bonte (Ghent University, Belgium): chair Prof. Dr. Annemieke Verbeken (Ghent University, Belgium): secretary Dr. Bram D'hondt (Ghent University/ANB, Belgium) Dr. Amy Eycott (University of Bergen, Norway) Prof. Dr. Robin Pakeman (James Hutton Institute, UK) Prof. Dr. Kris Verheyen (Ghent University, Belgium) Date of public defence: February, 24th 2017 For citation of published work reprinted in this thesis, please cite the original publication as mentioned at the first page of each chapter. Please cite this thesis as: Milotić, T. (2017) The fate of endozoochorously dispersed seeds. PhD dissertation. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. pp 360. The research in this thesis was conducted at the Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Pictures taken by Tanja Milotić unless stated otherwise Acknowledgments Na zes jaar zweten en zwoegen ligt het er eindelijk: mijn doctoraat! Ontelbaar vaak heb ik op vragen moeten antwoorden met "neen, mijn doctoraat is nog niet af, maar ik heb nog massa's tijd" of "neen, ik ben helemaal geen post-doc maar gewoon een overjaarse (?) doctoraatsstudent" (jaja, ik ben er iets rijper aan begonnen dan gebruikelijk). Ondertussen leek die 'massa tijd' exponentieel af te nemen terwijl het met het aantal ideeën over extra toe te voegen hoofdstukken eerder de omgekeerde richting uitging. -
Scarab Beetles in Human Culture
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Entomology Museum, University of Nebraska State November 2006 SCARAB BEETLES IN HUMAN CULTURE Brett C. Ratcliffe University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers Part of the Entomology Commons Ratcliffe, Brett C., "SCARAB BEETLES IN HUMAN CULTURE" (2006). Papers in Entomology. 94. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers/94 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Coleopterists Society Monograph Number 5:85–101. 2006. SCARAB BEETLES IN HUMAN CULTURE BRETT C. RATCLIFFE Systematics Research Collections W-436 Nebraska Hall University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE 68588-0514, U.S.A. [email protected] Abstract The use of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by primarily pre- and non-industrial peoples throughout the world is reviewed. These uses consist of (1) religion and folklore, (2) folk medicine, (3) food, and (4) regalia and body ornamentation. The use of scarabs in religion or cosmology, once widespread in ancient Egypt, exists only rarely today in other cultures. Scarabs have a minor role in folk medicine today although they may have been more important in the past. The predominant utilization of these beetles today, and probably in the past as well, is as food with emphasis on the larval stage. Lastly, particularly large or brightly colored scarabs (or their parts) are used (mostly in the New World) to adorn the body or as regalia. -
Beetles in Stone: the Egyptian Scarab Author(S): William A
Beetles in Stone: The Egyptian Scarab Author(s): William A. Ward Source: The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 57, No. 4 (Dec., 1994), pp. 186-202 Published by: The American Schools of Oriental Research Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3210428 . Accessed: 10/09/2011 22:54 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The American Schools of Oriental Research is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Biblical Archaeologist. http://www.jstor.org ile a biologist may appreci- Scarab Origins, Beetles in ate the beauty of the beetle's Manufacture, and Use physical structure and the wonder and precision of its life cycle, Origins Stone: The to most of us the beetle is simply a pest, Around 2500 BCE,a class of small stone certainly not a creature to be endowed design amulets began to appear in Egyptian with awe and respect. The Egyptian Egypt, found primarily with women attitude toward the beetle was quite and children buried in cemeteries of the the opposite of the attitudes of most ordinary people of Egypt. The earliest Scarab people today.1The beetle is an extraor- examples are shaped like a tiny pyra- dinarily common motif in Egyptian art, mid and have geometric and animal By William A. -
Dung Pad Size and Ball Production by Scarabaeus Sacer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 113: 70–75, 2016 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2016.008 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Does one size suit all? Dung pad size and ball production by Scarabaeus sacer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) GREGORY T. SULLIVAN 1, SEBAHAT K. OZMAN-SULLIVAN 2, JEAN-PIERRE LUMARET 3, MYRON P. ZALUCKI 4 and GREG BAXTER 1 1 The University of Queensland, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, 4072 Brisbane, Australia; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; e-mail: [email protected] 3 CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 – EPHE, Laboratoire Zoogéographie, route de Mende, 34199 Montpellier cedex 5, France; e-mail: [email protected] 4 The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, 4072 Brisbane, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeus sacer, ball roller, diel cycle, dung pad, intraspecies competition, nocturnal, seasonal, telecoprid Abstract. Large, ball rolling dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) are competitively dominant and can strongly infl uence community succession in dung pads. Ball production by Scarabaeus sacer Linnaeus was recorded in the Kizilirmak Delta on the Black Sea coast of Turkey by using artifi cial dung pads from 125 g to 2,000 g. Utilisation of pads across the 16-fold range of pad sizes demonstrated behavioural variation that may reduce intraspecies competition. Ball production was highly concentrated, with 66 balls (61%) produced from 8 pads of the 3 largest pad sizes, which may be related to chemical attraction between males and females. -
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Ask A Biologist Transcript – Vol 059 – (Guest: Mary Liz Jameson) Ask A Biologist Vol 059 (Guest: Mary Liz Jameson) Been There Dung That Are there really flesh-eating scarab beetles, or is it a movie myth? Just what are dung beetles doing with all the poop they gather in big balls? These are a few of the questions that biologist Mary Liz Jameson answers on this fun-filled podcast. Transcript Dr. Biology: This is "Ask A Biologist," a program about the living world, and I'm Dr. Biology. My guest today is Mary Liz Jameson, a research associate professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Wichita State University. Her work is with an insect that has family members that love to take a bite out of plants. OK, that's not that unusual. But there are also other members of the family that prefer a nice ball of dung. That's right. Some folks might call it poop or feces. Well, this is the food of choice for dung beetles, which are part of the family Scarabaeidae. While talking about food, we'll also be learning about some tasty treats made from insects that you might want to try. So stick around, and maybe you can pick up a great recipe for your next dinner or potluck. Welcome to the show, Mary Liz, and thank you for visiting with me today. Professor Mary Liz Jameson: Hi, Dr. Biology. Great to be here. Dr. Biology: You've got this passion for these really cool scarab beetles, and you have a pretty good list of recipes that we're going to be able to talk about later. -
An Ecological Study of Two Dung Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeninae) with Contrasting Phenologies
ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Tyndale-Biscoe, Marina (1985) An ecological study of two dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeninae) with contrasting phenologies. PhD thesis, James Cook University of North Queensland. Access to this file is available from: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/33795/ If you believe that this work constitutes a copyright infringement, please contact [email protected] and quote http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/33795/ An ecological study of two dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) with contrasting phenologies. Thesis submitted by Marina Tyndale-Biscoe BSc (Hons) (Tas.) in March 1985 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Zoology at James Cook University of North Queensland. i Access to thesis. I, the undersigned, the author of this thesis, understand that James Cook University of North Queensland will make it available for use within the University Library and, by microfilm or other photographic means, allow access to users in other approved libraries. All users consulting this thesis will have to sign the following statement: "In consulting this thesis I agree not to copy or closely paraphrase it in whole or in part without the written consent of the author; and to make proper written acknowledgement for any assistance which I have obtained from it." Beyond this, I do not wish to place any restriction on access to this thesis. "ig igr (date) (signature) ii Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted by me in any form for another degree or diploma at any university or other institution of tertiary education. -
Scarab Beetles Scarabaeidae (Latreille, 1802) Natural History Summary by Jacob Egge, Phd
SCARAB BEETLES SCARABAEIDAE (LATREILLE, 1802) NATURAL HISTORY SUMMARY BY JACOB EGGE, PHD Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Family: Scarabaeidae Description The family Scarabaeidae is comprised of a diverse assemblage of beetle species with over 27,000 described. Shape varies widely, but most are stout-bodied with antennae that have 10 segments and a 3-7 segment opposable club (Ratcliffe and Jameson 2005). The pronotum may or may not be ornamented with horns or tubercles. Front legs are often broad and adapted for digging. Well-known representatives include Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica) (an agricultural pest), Dung Beetles (Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae), June Beetles (Cetoniinae and Melolonthinae), Rhinoceros Beetles (Dynastinae), and the Goliath Beetle (Goliathus goliathus) (one of the heaviest insects) (Ratcliffe and Jameson 2005). Distribution Scarabs are globally distributed with the exception of Antarctica and marine environments. Diet The so-called “Dung Beetles” feed on the dung of large herbivores. Some species live in the dung while others roll perfectly spherical dung balls over large distances to bury them. However, not all scarabs feed on dung. Diets vary widely and include carrion, fungi, vegetation, pollen, fruits, compost, roots (Ratcliffe and Jameson 2005). Habitat and Ecology Many Scarabs are nocturnal, but some are diurnal. The Dung Beetle, in particular, can be placed into one of three functional groups: Rollers, dwellers, and tunnellers. Rollers gather dung into a ball, roll it to a brood chamber and lay their eggs in the dung ball. Tunnellers dig vertical tunnels below a dung pile and bring the dung into these tunnels where they also lay their eggs. -
M Ed Iter R a N E
THE CONSERVATION STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF MEDITERRANEAN DUNG BEETLES Catherine Numa, Mattia Tonelli, Jorge M. Lobo, José R. Verdú, Jean-Pierre Lumaret, Francisco Sánchez-Piñero, José L. Ruiz, Marco Dellacasa, Stefano Ziani, Alfonsina Arriaga, Francisco Cabrero, Imen Labidi, Violeta Barrios, Yakup Şenyüz and Sinan Anlaş MEDITERRANEAN The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment THE CONSERVATION STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF MEDITERRANEAN DUNG BEETLES About IUCN IUCN is a membership Union uniquely composed of both government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place together. Created in 1948, IUCN is now the wor- ld’s largest and most diverse environmental network, harnessing the knowledge, resources and reach of 1,400 Member organisations and some 15,000 experts. It is a leading provider of conservation data, assessments and analysis. Its broad membership enables IUCN to fill the role of incubator and trusted repository of best practices, tools and international standards. IUCN provides a neutral space in which diverse stakeholders including govern- ments, NGOs, scientists, businesses, local communities, indigenous peoples’ organisations and others can work together to forge and implement solutions to environmental challenges and achieve sustainable development. Working with many partners and supporters, IUCN implements a large and diverse portfolio of