Technical Programme Update Jan-April 2020
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The Somali Crisis: Failed State and International Interventions
Istituto Affari Internazionali IAI WORKING PAPERS 12 | 15 – May 2012 The Somali Crisis: Failed State and International Interventions Rossella Marangio Abstract The long-lasting Somali conflict is profoundly linked to the country’s historical development and its socio-cultural specificities. The political milieu and the struggle for power in Somalia reflect the cleavage between tradition and modernity. This rift has led to a legitimacy vacuum, which has made it difficult for the warring parties to find enough common ground for a compromise. Furthermore, external influences, at both regional and international levels, have contributed to the fragmentation of the political arena, due notably to the emphasis on the use of force as the principal tool for acquiring or maintaining power. In this unfolding crisis, regional pressures and rivalries, international interventions, economic and strategic interests as well as piracy, corruption and Islamic extremism all play an interlocking role. In view of this, a new approach to the crisis is badly needed. The EU, in particular, should promote a new strategy based on three components: enhancement of social cohesion through local cooperation programmes, state-building and development. Keywords : Somalia / Civil conflict / Society / European Union / Military intervention / European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Somalia / Piracy / European Naval Force Somalia- Operation Atalanta (EUNAVFOR Atalanta) / Regional Maritime Capacity Building (RMCB) / African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) © 2012 IAI IAI Working Papers 1215 The Somali Crisis: Failed State and International Interventions The Somali Crisis: Failed State and International Interventions by Rossella Marangio ∗ Introduction The civil war in Somalia has been ravaging the country for two decades. The difficulties in achieving peace have highlighted the powerlessness of the international community. -
The Syrian Conflict: a Systems Conflict Analysis
The ARK Group is a network of stabilisation and conflict transformation The Syrian conflict: consultancies that provides research- KDF Documents informed analysis and policy recommendations, as well as evidence- A systems conflict analysis based interventions in conflict-affected states on behalf of public and private sector clients. Working with and through local communities, we seek to understand and then mitigate the negative effects of conflict and instability to enhance community safety and promote human security, development and economic opportunity. Cover © Lens of a Young Damascene Back-cover © Lens of a Young Damascene ARK Group DMCC February 2016 The Syrian conflict: A systems conflict analysis ARK Group DMCC February 2016 ARK is a consultancy company specialising in the provision of policy-relevant research and the design and management of conflict prevention and transforma- tion programmes to prevent and mitigate instability and promote positive social change and development. For more information about ARK or this paper, please contact: [email protected]. Copyright © 2016 ARK GROUP DMCC CONTENTS 4 Acronyms 5 Acknowledgements 6 Executive summary 8 Introduction 8 Understanding the Syrian conflict 10 Analytical framework and report structure 11 What is a systems conflict analysis? 11 How to read this report 3 12 Brief contextual overview 16 Stakeholders analysis: conflict actors and interests 16 Local stakeholders: pro-regime 19 Local stakeholders: pro-opposition 22 Local stakeholders: the Islamic State in Iraq and the -
REGULATION of the Contest «Master-Gunsmith»
REGULATION of the contest «Master-Gunsmith» 1 I. General provisions 1. General control on the preparation and conducting of the international contest for the best repair platoon of rocket artillery armament "Master - Gunsmith", held in the framework of “the International Army games in 2020" (further Competition) is assigned to the Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. Official language of the contest is Russian. 2. The composition of the teams participating in the Competition are: - the head of the Competition team; - the representatives of the Competition team in the weapons repair platoon– 15 persons: - the platoon commander – 1 person; - the repair squad (of small arms and means of close combat) - 3 persons (a squad leader, a master, a driver- mechanic); - the repair squad (of the artillery and tank weapons) – 3 persons (a squad leader, a master, a driver-electrician); - the repair squad (of the artillery armament) – 8 persons (second in command of the platoon – a squad leader, a senior master, a master – 3 persons, a mechanic, a driver-electrician, a driver-turner); - the trainer – 1 person. 3. The competition is held in five stages: - the first stage is "the Competition on repair of the 122 mm towed howitzer D- 30A"; - the second stage is "the Competition on repair of 23 mm antiaircraft gun ZU- 23"; - the third stage is "the Competition on repair of 122 mm combat vehicle of the Multiple Launch Rocket System BM-21 "Grad"” - the fourth stage is "the Armory biathlon. Relay"; - the fifth stage is "the Final relay of the repair platoons". -
The Military Dynamics of the Syrian Civil War and Options for Limited U.S
Number 30 August 2013 Forces loyal to Syria's President Bashar al-Asad ride in a tank in the al-Mansoura area of Aleppo’s countryside, June 2, 2013 | Reuters BREAKING THE STALEMATE: THE MILITARY DYNAMICS OF THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR AND OPTIONS FOR LIMITED U.S. INTERVENTION KENNETH M. POLLACK INTRODUCTION he tragedy of Syria roils on with no end in sight. It nags at our collective conscience and threatens American interests. Many Americans would like to see it ended. Yet our diplomatic efforts are so moribund as to have T become a cruel joke to the Syrian people. There is a growing recognition that the Syrian civil war is now dominated by its military dimension, and until there is a breakthrough on the battlefield, there will be no breakthroughs at the 1 negotiating table. Unfortunately, that seems a distant prospect. Both sides remain convinced that they can defeat the other in combat, and both are terrified that losing will mean their physical destruction. For the foreseeable future, however, it is unlikely that either has the capacity to vanquish the other, although they can certainly make important tactical gains. Both would need considerable assistance to win outright but neither side is ready to trust their lives to the other’s promises, whether spoken or written. Consequently, bringing an end to the conflict in Syria must start with changing the military dynamics of the conflict. As long as the current conditions persist, the war will drag on. Americans have understandably shown little appetite for another Iraq- or Kenneth M. Pollack is Afghan-style commitment of ground forces to the Middle East. -
Weapons and Ammunition Management in the Federal Republic of Somalia
Weapons and Ammunition Management in the Federal Republic of Somalia About UNIDIR The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)—an autonomous institute within the United Nations—conducts research on disarmament and security. UNIDIR is based in Geneva, Switzerland, the centre for bilateral and multilateral disarmament and non-proliferation negotiations, and home of the Conference on Disarmament. The Institute explores current issues pertaining to a variety of existing and future armaments, as well as global diplomacy and local tensions and conflicts. Working with researchers, diplomats, government officials, NGOs and other institutions since 1980, UNIDIR acts as a bridge between the research community and governments. UNIDIR’s activities are funded by contributions from governments and donor foundations. This project is part of UNIDIR’s Weapons of Societal Disruption programme, which works towards limits and controls on the weapons that tear the fabric of societies, such as small arms, cluster munitions, landmines and explosive remnants of war. The programme focuses on generating ideas and practical initiatives to address the security challenges related to the illicit flow, uncontrolled accumulation and misuse of various types of weapons and ammunition that threaten public safety, pose risks to society and impede efforts to achieve sustainable development. Note The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in the publication are the sole responsibility of the individual authors. -
External Interventions in Somalia's Civil War. Security Promotion And
External intervention in Somalia’s civil war Mikael Eriksson (Editor) Eriksson Mikael war civil Somalia’s intervention in External The present study examines external intervention in Somalia’s civil war. The focus is on Ethiopia’s, Kenya’s and Uganda’s military engagement in Somalia. The study also analyses the political and military interests of the intervening parties and how their respective interventions might affect each country’s security posture and outlook. The aim of the study is to contribute to a more refined under- standing of Somalia’s conflict and its implications for the security landscape in the Horn of Africa. The study contains both theoretical chapters and three empirically grounded cases studies. The main finding of the report is that Somalia’s neighbours are gradually entering into a more tense political relationship with the government of Somalia. This development is character- ized by a tension between Somalia’s quest for sovereignty and neighbouring states’ visions of a decentralized Somali state- system capable of maintaining security across the country. External Intervention in Somalia’s civil war Security promotion and national interests? Mikael Eriksson (Editor) FOI-R--3718--SE ISSN1650-1942 www.foi.se November 2013 FOI-R--3718--SE Mikael Eriksson (Editor) External Intervention in Somalia’s civil war Security promotion and national interests? Cover: Scanpix (Photo: TT, CORBIS) 1 FOI-R--3718--SE Titel Extern intervention i Somalias inbördeskrig: Främjande av säkerhet och nationella intressen? Title External intervention in Somalia’s civil war: security promotion and national Interests? Rapportnr/Report no FOI-R--3718--SE Månad/Month November Utgivningsår/Year 2013 Antal sidor/Pages 137 ISSN 1650-1942 Kund/Customer Försvarsdepartementet/Ministry of Defence Projektnr/Project no A11306 Godkänd av/Approved by Maria Lignell Jakobsson Ansvarig avdelning Försvarsanalys/Defence Analysis Detta verk är skyddat enligt lagen (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk. -
Explosive Weapon Effects
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Center for International Stabilization and Global CWD Repository Recovery 2-2017 Explosive Weapon Effects Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining GICHD Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Social Policy Commons Recommended Citation Humanitarian Demining, Geneva International Centre for, "Explosive Weapon Effects" (2017). Global CWD Repository. 149. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd/149 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Global CWD Repository by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHARACTERISATION OF EXPLOSIVE WEAPONS EXPLOSIVEEXPLOSIVE WEAPON EFFECTSWEAPON OVERVIEW EFFECTS FINAL REPORT ABOUT THE GICHD AND THE PROJECT The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) is an expert organisation working to reduce the impact of mines, cluster munitions and other explosive hazards, in close partnership with states, the UN and other human security actors. Based at the Maison de la paix in Geneva, the GICHD employs around 55 staff from over 15 countries with unique expertise and knowledge. Our work is made possible by core contributions, project funding and in-kind support from more than 20 governments and organisations. Motivated by its strategic goal to improve human security and equipped with subject expertise in explosive hazards, the GICHD launched a research project to characterise explosive weapons. -
Modernity for Defense
XXX: XXXXX XXXX .XXXXX xxxxxx DANE TECHNICZNE Amunicja xxxx Zasięg Długość MODERNITYDługość lufy Masa FOR DEFENSEPojemność Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów S.A. continuously executes industrial activities since 1917 which makes the company one of the oldest enterprises in Tarnów. Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów’s showcase is a wide range of armament and military equipment: air defense systems, small arms and mortars. The training systems also play a particular role in our offer. Moreover, the company provides cooperation services including plastic working, electroplating and heat treatment, chemical technologies and machining. The company is able to offer such a wide range of products through constant focus on the research, development and products innovation. Expansion of design and research facilities and improving the qualifications of the crew allow the evolution towards the engineering company. Established Research and Development Centre has the ability to create innovative defense products for the military and uniformed services and provides strong company’s position among the leaders of Polish defense industry also developing the sales in foreign markets. All companies and institutions interested in the development of technologies for the defense needs are welcome to cooperate with us. We also invite civil market business partners for cooperation. SNIPER RIFLES: .308 ZMT HS, BOR 7.62 .308 ZMT HS HUNTING AND SPORTING RIFLE The .308 ZMT HS Bolt-action Sniper Rifle is fed by a .308 Winchester ammunition and it’s a special construction for civilian market. This rifle model is designed for hunters and sport shooters specializing in precision shooting for long distances. The rifle meets all the requirements related to the weapon usage on Polish and European civilian markets. -
RUSSIA and the ARMS TRADE Socio-Economic Change
3. Conventional arms transfers during the Soviet period Yuriy Kirshin I. Introduction During the cold war the main feature of international relations was an active confrontation between two opposing social and economic systems: the capitalist and the socialist. The United States and the Soviet Union were the leading actors. The two systems confronted each other in the economic, diplomatic, ideological and military areas. The military confrontation assumed a variety of forms. These included threats and demonstrations of force, the arms race, and competitive military research and development and intelligence operations. The cold war left few states unaffected. The disposition of political forces on the international scene changed further with the collapse of the colonial system and the formation of many new states. A number of states remained within the capitalist system even after winning independence and liberating themselves from colonial oppression. However, there were other states which adhered to a neutral status or leaned towards supporting the socialist system. Some states in Africa, the Middle East and Latin America took a further step and proclaimed their determination to build socialism. This process combined with the East– West competition set in train a struggle for a new division of the world, and the policies of the United States and the Soviet Union were intended to support the vitality of their allies and friendly regimes in various regions. The cold war also involved military assistance to local wars and military con- frontations, most often in the developing countries. Several regions in the world became areas of tension or ‘hot spots’. These hostile activities pervaded the whole structure of international life. -
THE MILAN MUNICIPAL CODE Prepared by the MUNICIPAL
THE MILAN MUNICIPAL CODE Prepared by the MUNICIPAL TECHNICAL ADVISORY SERVICE INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC SERVICE THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE in cooperation with the TENNESSEE MUNICIPAL LEAGUE December 1998 Change 6, June 30, 2015 CITY OF MILAN, TENNESSEE MAYOR Chris Crider VICE MAYOR Jack Cunningham ALDERMEN Richard Adkisson Doug Baker Jay Black James Fountain Jason Marcle Tammy Wade RECORDER Jason Griggs ii PREFACE The Milan Municipal Code contains the codification and revision of the ordinances of the City of Milan, Tennessee. By referring to the historical citation appearing at the end of each section, the user can determine the origin of each particular section. The absence of a historical citation means that the section was added by the codifier. The word "modified" in the historical citation indicates significant modification of the original ordinance. The code is arranged into titles, chapters, and sections. Related matter is kept together, so far as possible, within the same title. Each section number is complete within itself, containing the title number, the chapter number, and the section of the chapter of which it is a part. Specifically, the first digit, followed by a hyphen, identifies the title number. The second digit identifies the chapter number, and the last two digits identify the section number. For example, title 2, chapter 1, section 6, is designated as section 2-106. By utilizing the table of contents and the analysis preceding each title and chapter of the code, together with the cross references and explanations included as footnotes, the user should locate all the provisions in the code relating to any question that might arise. -
Uk Partnerships for Health Systems
UK PARTNERSHIPS FOR HEALTH SYSTEMS SCOPING ASSESSMENT REPORT | SOMALIA TABLE OF CONTENTS Report Structure .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Background .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Purpose and Objectives of the Scoping Assessment ................................................................................................................................... 3 Expected Output of the Scoping Assessment.............................................................................................................................................. 4 Scoping Assessment Approach and Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Desk Review ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Stakeholder Consultation and Engagement ............................................................................................................................................... -
Peacebuilding and Climate Change in Mali and Somalia
Winning the Peace: Peacebuilding and Climate Change in Mali and Somalia DanChurchAid, Norwegian Church Aid and ACT Alliance 8th June 2020 Acknowledgements This report was commissioned and reviewed DanChurchAid, Norwegian Church Aid, and ACT Alliance. It was written by Hannah Grene, Barncat Consulting. The local research in Mali was carried out by Yoli Consulting, led by Yoli Consulting director Sidi Guindo, data analyst Amadou Guindo and Abdourahamane Kamagnagou. The research in Somalia was carried out by Beemark Consulting, led by executive director Abdullahi Rashid Abdullahi. Our thanks are due to both consulting groups, their interview teams, and all the men and women who participated in interviews and focus groups. Alma Mølsted Andersen, DanChurch Aid, wrote the background literature review for the report. We would also like to thank: Mattias Söderberg, Eva Cecilie Knutsen, Sunra Lambert-Baj (DanChurchAid), Håkon Grindheim, Javier Fabra Mata, Nafisa S. Abdirahman (NCA) and Maria Clara Osula (NCA Eastern Africa Peacebuilding Programme) for their input into the report. Cover photo: Thomas White // Design: Anne Mousten, DanChurchAid Foreword 5 Summary for policy makers 7 Introduction 11 Key findings 12 Mali 14 Background: climate and conflict 15 Our research 16 What is being done to respond to challenges, and what more can be done? 18 Mali research: conclusion 19 Somalia 20 Background: climate and conflict 21 Our research 22 What is being done to respond to challenges, and what more can be done? 24 Somalia research: conclusion 25 Conclusion 27 Recommendations 29 Appendix 1: Methodology 32 Appendix 2: Bibliography 33 End notes 36 4 I Winning the Peace Photo: Thomas White 5 I Winning the Peace Foreword Climate change is a reality, and it is happening now.