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Characterization of Potato Production, Marketing and Utilization

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Characterization of Potato Production, Marketing and Utilization Vol. 9(3), pp. 17-25, March, 2017 DOI: 10.5897/JHF2015.0406 Article Number: 4FF792A63236 Journal of Horticulture and ISSN 2006-9782 Copyright ©2017 Forestry Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JHF Full Length Research Paper Characterization of potato production, marketing, and utilization in North Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia Yazie Chanie1*, Akalu Teshome1, Yalfal Temesgen1 and Baye Berihun2 1Socioeconomists, Adet Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. 2Potato Agronomist, Adet Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Received 2 October, 2015; Accepted 24 November, 2015 Characterization of potato production, marketing and utilization were undertaken in four zones of North Westren Amhara Region namely West Gojjam, East Gojjam, South Gonder and Awi based on their potato production on 158 farmers in 2010 to 2011. The main objective of the study was to characterize and document as well as to assess the challenges of existing potato production, marketing and utilization systems based on primary and secondary data. Potato is mainly produced in main, residual and irrigation production seasons in the study zones. Farmers plow their potato farm at least four times before planting and cultivate two to four times. They use an average potato seed tuber rate of about 2.008 tons per hectare. Farmers use local potato varieties for a long period of time and their average productivity is only 7.26 ton per hectare in main season production, and only 21.5% of farmers use improved potato varieties. Potato seed sources for farmers’ are own production, market, research and Agriculture office. About 75% of the sample farmers store ware potato after harvest for about 3.84 months using floor, raised bed (“kott”), and in the soil. Half of the potato produced are consumed at home while the rest are reserved for seed and sold. Farmers consume potato in the form of boiled and stew. Major constraints of potato production include disease, soil nutrient depletion, moisture stress, frost, pest, lack of improved varieties, water shortage and lack of market access. Key words: Potato, characterization, production, consumption. INTRODUCTION Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) was originated in the there was a long famine in Ethiopia (Gebremedhin et al., central high lands of the Andes in South America and 2008). was brought to Europe in the 16th century. The crop was Potato is one of the major food and cash crop in introduced to Ethiopia in 1859 by a German Scientist Ethiopia especially in the high and mid altitude areas. It is called Schimper (Pankrust, 1964). Since then it was among the leading vegetable crops in Ethiopia. About limited to homestead as a garden crop and gradual rise in 164,146 hectare of land was covered by potato and more production occurred at the end of 19th century, when than 940,209 tones were produced in Ethiopia in 2001 *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License 18 J. Hortic. For. Table 1. The description of the study districts. Major characteristics Districts Total area Total Population Altitude Rainfall Temperature Total (ha) (2006/07) (masl) (mm) (°C) kebeles Yilmana Densa 99,180 287,417 1800-3200 1052-1488 8.8- 25.2 36 Quarit 61,473 158,349 NA NA NA 29 Gozamin 121,807 152,309 NA NA NA 26 Sinan 38,640 111,975 NA NA NA 17 Farta 107,077 256,515 1920-4235 1250-1599 9 - 25 39 Lai-gaint 154,866 243,344 NA 600-1250 4 - 24 33 Banja 45,618 98,501 NA NA NA 26 Guagusa-shikudad 30,432 97,286 NA NA NA 14 Source: BoFED, 2011; ANRS 2007 and respective district bureaus of agriculture and rural development. NA=Data not available. (Tesfaye, 2008). On average, a total of 2,310,035 Description of the study areas households were supported by potato during the aforementioned period (CACC, 2003b). This evidently The study districts and their characteristics are presented in Table 1. reveals the importance of the crop in the country. Potato is also one of the widely grown food as well as income generating crop in the Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) (ANRS, 2007 and 2008). It is important in RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the farming system in mitigating hunger during food shortage months (July to September). This region takes Demographic characteristics the largest areas of land put under potato production accounting for 43.25% with 71,000 hectare and 338,781 As indicated in Table 2, the average age and total family tones of potato produce (CACC, 2003a). Potato size of sampled household head for all the study zones constituted 91.16% area coverage and 76.88% volume of was 43 and 6.44 with a standard deviation of 12.3 and production of regional area under root crops and it is 1.85, respectively. grown in almost all areas of the region. Therefore, latest and full-fledged information on overall potato production, utilization, and marketing and its Socio-economic characteristics challenges is very pertinent for the future direction of potato research and development at national level in Land general and regional level in particular. Hence, this study was initiated to fill this gap with the objective of identifying The average farm size of the respondent farmers in the and characterizing the existing potato production, study zones was about 1.12 hectare of land and average marketing and utilization systems and to assess the cultivated, grazing, and fallow lands were 0.99, 0.11 and challenges associated with it. 0.01 hectares, respectively as shown in Table 3. METHODOLOGY Crop production pattern of the study zones Sampling procedure, data collection and analysis Almost 99.4% of the respondent farmers in the study The study was undertaken in four zones of Amhara Region namely zones produce potato in main season while 34.18 and West Gojjam, East Gojjam, South Gonder and Awi in 2010 to 2011. 17.09% of the sampled farmers produce potato in Yilmana Densa and Quarit from West Gojjam, Gozamin and Sinan irrigation and residual production seasons, respectively. from East Gojjam, Farta and Lai-gaint from South Gonder and As indicated in Table 4, major crops grown include wheat Banja and Gaugusa-shikudad districts from Awi were selected on the basis of their large potato production area coverage and (63.9%), barley (73.4%), tef (36.1%), maize (32.9%) and representativeness of the farming system. Then, a two stage faba bean (51.3%). The mean area allocated in hectare is random sampling procedure was used to select kebeles and 0.32, 0.34, 0.38, 0.27 and 0.21 in that order. farmers for the study. Based on this, 15 kebeles and 158 farmers were selected for the interview. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. All sets of data were subjected to SPSS computer software and descriptive statistics such as mean, Potato production systems and seasons standard deviation and frequency were used to analyze the collected data. Potato is produced in main, residual and irrigation Chanie et al. 19 Table 2. Family size and structure of the study areas (N=158) West Gojjam East Gojjam South Gonder Awi For all locations Descriptions (N=31) (N=34) (N=53) (N=40) (N= 158) Mean Stdv Mean Stdv Mean Stdv Mean Stdv Mean Stdv Age of household 37.5 11.1 43.5 9.57 44.1 14.1 45.3 11.2 43 12.3 Total Family size 6.1 2.1 6.7 1.9 6.1 1.8 6.8 1.7 6.4 1.85 Source: Own survey data (2011). Table 3. Land holding (hectare) of farmers in the study areas (N=158) West Gojjam East Gojjam South Gonder Awi For all locations Farm size (ha) (N=31) (N=34) (N=53) (N=40) (N= 158) Mean StDv Mean StDv Mean StDv Mean StDv Mean StDv Total farm size 0.92 1.63 1.14 1.89 1.19 1.92 1.15 1.80 1.12 1.85 Cultivated land 0.81 1.25 1.09 1.87 1.05 1.82 0.94 1.58 0.99 1.64 Grazing land 0.07 0.40 0.05 0.35 0.09 0.53 0.20 0.77 0.11 0.59 Garden area 0.03 0.38 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.17 Fallow land 0.02 0.54 0.0 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.35 0.01 0.30 Source: Own survey data, 2011. StDv = standard deviation. production seasons in the study zones. These production closer spacing in irrigation production season to conserve seasons allow potato produced to appear throughout the moisture. Farmers weed, hoe and earth up their potato year. Main season potato production is preferred by field 2 to 4 times (averagely 2.78 times) after about 4 farmers due to the fact that potato will mature and reach weeks of planting as indicated in Table 6. for them in time of food shortage (June to August) while irrigation potato production is advantageous for less late blight stress, good market demand and more yields. The Input utilization major potato production method in main season is sole cropping but there is a practice of intercropping potato As indicated in Table 7, average seed rate of farmers for with maize, and to some extent with lupine. Sowing faba potato for all the study zones is about 2.008 tons per bean, field pea and linseed crops on potato field towards hectare.
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