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Tibet Under Chinese Communist Rule
TIBET UNDER CHINESE COMMUNIST RULE A COMPILATION OF REFUGEE STATEMENTS 1958-1975 A SERIES OF “EXPERT ON TIBET” PROGRAMS ON RADIO FREE ASIA TIBETAN SERVICE BY WARREN W. SMITH 1 TIBET UNDER CHINESE COMMUNIST RULE A Compilation of Refugee Statements 1958-1975 Tibet Under Chinese Communist Rule is a collection of twenty-seven Tibetan refugee statements published by the Information and Publicity Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in 1976. At that time Tibet was closed to the outside world and Chinese propaganda was mostly unchallenged in portraying Tibet as having abolished the former system of feudal serfdom and having achieved democratic reforms and socialist transformation as well as self-rule within the Tibet Autonomous Region. Tibetans were portrayed as happy with the results of their liberation by the Chinese Communist Party and satisfied with their lives under Chinese rule. The contrary accounts of the few Tibetan refugees who managed to escape at that time were generally dismissed as most likely exaggerated due to an assumed bias and their extreme contrast with the version of reality presented by the Chinese and their Tibetan spokespersons. The publication of these very credible Tibetan refugee statements challenged the Chinese version of reality within Tibet and began the shift in international opinion away from the claims of Chinese propaganda and toward the facts as revealed by Tibetan eyewitnesses. As such, the publication of this collection of refugee accounts was an important event in the history of Tibetan exile politics and the international perception of the Tibet issue. The following is a short synopsis of the accounts. -
Battle Against Poverty Being Won in Tibet
6 | Tuesday, September 1, 2020 HONG KONG EDITION | CHINA DAILY CHINA Poverty alleviation Battle against poverty being won in Tibet Major investments in infrastructure and new homes improve life for villagers. Palden Nyima reports from Lhasa. ccess to fresh water used to be a major concern for Tibetan villager Migmar. She had to take a Kyilung Tibet 40-minuteA round trip on a tractor Namling every two days to haul water home Saga in a container across rough terrain. Shigatse Taking showers and doing laundry Layak were luxuries for the community leader and her fellow villagers in CHINA DAILY Saga county in Southwest China’s Tibet autonomous region. mother could get subsidies and sup- Fast forward three years, and port when giving birth in a hospital. Layak village, 180 kilometers from I did not know it could be safer for the county seat in the southwest- both mother and child,” Samdrub ern part of Tibet, now has taps that Tsering said. provide potable water at the “top of The township center also used to the world”. be inaccessible for many villagers. “Our village had no proper roads While the nearest household lives or safe drinking water before 2016. about 10 km away, some families But now, all the families have were 200 km from town, with no access to tap water and the village telecommunication networks avail- is connected by paved roads,” said able. Road conditions were terrible, Migmar, 49, who is the village he said. leader. Thanks to the government’s pov- The roads and pipelines have erty alleviation measures, liveli- helped lay the groundwork for a hoods have improved tremendously significant improvement in the over the years, Samdrub Tsering villagers’ lives, with Layak one of said. -
Analysis of Vegetation Condition and Its Relationship with Meteorological Variables in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin of China
Innovative water resources management – understanding and balancing interactions between humankind and nature Proc. IAHS, 379, 105–112, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-105-2018 Open Access © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Analysis of vegetation condition and its relationship with meteorological variables in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin of China Xianming Han1,2, Depeng Zuo1,2, Zongxue Xu1,2, Siyang Cai1,2, and Xiaoxi Gao1,2 1College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China Correspondence: Depeng Zuo ([email protected]) Received: 31 December 2017 – Accepted: 12 January 2018 – Published: 5 June 2018 Abstract. The Yarlung Zangbo River Basin is located in the southwest border of China, which is of great significance to the socioeconomic development and ecological environment of Southwest China. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an important index for investigating the change of vegetation cover, which is widely used as the representation value of vegetation cover. In this study, the NDVI is adopted to explore the vegetation condition in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin during the recent 17 years, and the relationship between NDVI and meteorological variables has also been discussed. The results show that the annual maximum value of NDVI usually appears from July to September, in which August occupies a large proportion. The minimum value of NDVI appears from January to March, in which February takes up most of the percentage. The higher values of NDVI are generally located in the lower elevation area. -
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115 -
China/Tibet: Unterschiedliche Na- Men Geographischer Orte Und Kenntnisse Der Administrativen Einheiten
China/Tibet: Unterschiedliche Na- men geographischer Orte und Kenntnisse der administrativen Einheiten Auskunft Adrian Schuster Bern, 2. Dezember 2015 1 Einleitung Die Schweizerische Flüchtlingshilfe hat verschiedene Fragen zur aktuellen Situation, zum Alltag und der Lebenswelt der lokalen Bevölkerung in Tibet erhalten. Diese Auskunft behandelt Fragen zu den unterschiedlichen Namen geographischer Orte, den administrativen Einheiten Tibets sowie den Kenntnissen der lokalen Bevölke- rung dazu. Diese Auskunft basiert auf Expertenauskünften 1 und auf eigenen Recher- chen. 2 Schwierigkeiten bezüglich allgemeingültiger Aussagen Generalisierungen nicht möglich. Nach Angaben verschiedener Expertinnen und Experten zu Tibet können Angaben zu diversen Fragen des Alltags der ti betischen Bevölkerung meist nicht in generalisierender Form gemacht werden. Nach der am 31. März 2015 gemachten Einschätzung von Geoff Barstow 2 von der Otterbein Uni- versität in Westerville USA, kann sich die Situation in den verschiedenen Gebieten sehr stark unterscheiden.3 Die Beantwortung von Fragen zum Alltag sowie der ver- schiedenen Aspekte des Lebens der Tibeterinnen und Tibeter innerhalb des Auto- nomen Gebiets Tibet (AGT) sowie in den Gebieten ausserhalb des AGT ist deshalb äusserst komplex. Diese Angaben machte eine Kontaktperson 4 mit Expertenwissen zu Ost-Tibet am 28. April 2015 aufgrund der vielfältigen regionalen Unterschiede sowie den Unterschieden zwischen den ländlichen und urbanen Gebieten. Eine Ge- neralisierung und Übertragung einzelner Erkenntnisse, die für eine spezifische Re- gion gelten, auf andere Regionen und Provinzen im Autonomen Gebiet Tibet sowie auf die ausserhalb liegenden tibetischen Gebiete, ist laut der Kontaktperson nicht möglich.5 Anne Carolyn Klein, Professorin vom Department of Religion der Rice Uni- versity in Virginia betont in einer Publikation aus dem Jahr 2008 ebenfalls, dass die grosse Vielfalt in Tibet es unmöglich macht, Generalisierungen zu ganz Tibet zu 1 Entsprechend den COI-Standards verwendet die SFH öffentlich zugängliche Quellen. -
2008 UPRISING in TIBET: CHRONOLOGY and ANALYSIS © 2008, Department of Information and International Relations, CTA First Edition, 1000 Copies ISBN: 978-93-80091-15-0
2008 UPRISING IN TIBET CHRONOLOGY AND ANALYSIS CONTENTS (Full contents here) Foreword List of Abbreviations 2008 Tibet Uprising: A Chronology 2008 Tibet Uprising: An Analysis Introduction Facts and Figures State Response to the Protests Reaction of the International Community Reaction of the Chinese People Causes Behind 2008 Tibet Uprising: Flawed Tibet Policies? Political and Cultural Protests in Tibet: 1950-1996 Conclusion Appendices Maps Glossary of Counties in Tibet 2008 UPRISING IN TIBET CHRONOLOGY AND ANALYSIS UN, EU & Human Rights Desk Department of Information and International Relations Central Tibetan Administration Dharamsala - 176215, HP, INDIA 2010 2008 UPRISING IN TIBET: CHRONOLOGY AND ANALYSIS © 2008, Department of Information and International Relations, CTA First Edition, 1000 copies ISBN: 978-93-80091-15-0 Acknowledgements: Norzin Dolma Editorial Consultants Jane Perkins (Chronology section) JoAnn Dionne (Analysis section) Other Contributions (Chronology section) Gabrielle Lafitte, Rebecca Nowark, Kunsang Dorje, Tsomo, Dhela, Pela, Freeman, Josh, Jean Cover photo courtesy Agence France-Presse (AFP) Published by: UN, EU & Human Rights Desk Department of Information and International Relations (DIIR) Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) Gangchen Kyishong Dharamsala - 176215, HP, INDIA Phone: +91-1892-222457,222510 Fax: +91-1892-224957 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tibet.net; www.tibet.com Printed at: Narthang Press DIIR, CTA Gangchen Kyishong Dharamsala - 176215, HP, INDIA ... for those who lost their lives, for -
Report on Tibetan Herder Relocation Programs
HUMAN “They Say We Should RIGHTS Be Grateful” WATCH Mass Rehousing and Relocation Programs in Tibetan Areas of China “They Say We Should Be Grateful” Mass Rehousing and Relocation Programs in Tibetan Areas of China Copyright © 2013 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-0336 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JUNE 2013 ISBN: 978-1-62313-0336 “They Say We Should Be Grateful” Mass Rehousing and Relocation Programs in Tibetan Areas of China Map: Tibetan Autonomous Areas within the People’s Republic of China ............................... i Glossary ............................................................................................................................ -
Bookshelf NBK546473.Pdf
MEDICINE AND MEMORY IN TIBET Studies on Ethnic Groups in China Stevan Harrell, Editor MEDICINE AND MEMORY IN TIBET Amchi Physicians in an Age of Reform Theresia hofer UniversiTy of WashingTon Press Seattle Copyright © 2018 by the University of Washington Press Printed and bound in the United States of America Composed in Minion, typeface designed by Robert Slimbach Cover photograph: Moxibustion applied to a patient’s head. Photo by Meinrad Hofer. 22 21 20 19 18 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. University of Washington Press www.washington.edu/uwpress Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hofer, Theresia, author. Title: Medicine and memory in Tibet : Amchi physicians in an age of reform / Theresia Hofer. Description: Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2018. | Series: Studies on ethnic groups in China | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2017029406 (print) | lccn 2017028012 (ebook) | isbn 9780295742984 (hardcover : acid-free paper) | isbn 9780295742991 (paperback : acid-free paper) | isbn 9780295743004 (ebook) Subjects: lcsh: Medicine, Tibetan—History—20th century. | Medicine, Tibetan—History—21st century. | Physicians—China—Tibet Autonomous Region—History. | Memory—Social aspects—China—Tibet Autonomous Region—History. | Social networks—China—Tibet Autonomous Region— History. | Ethnicity—China—Tibet Autonomous Region—History. | Social change—China—Tibet Autonomous Region—History. | Tibet Autonomous Region (China)—Social conditions. | Tibet Autonomous Region (China)— Relations—China. | China—Relations—China—Tibet Autonomous Region. -
Tibet and China-Tibet-Fact Finding Mission Report-1960-Eng
[ M P P Z^tLr’ Ui\rJjLlsdsL’Yl Oi^ ‘ -'■-- I^C"' • ’--O-. t -£ ','~ ? ■ *•«..;;%--I - • • •-.-**- • -:"*-•*• '~;2^' -: .£&i<.Z•*, •„r, ’•’•.. •. ji. 1 : ■'■;\K<i>:'" •’....'. -u -iv ' ‘j;x. “It may happen that here in the centre o f Tibet the religion and the secular administration will be similarly attacked from without and within, and the holders o f the Faith, the glorious Rebirths, will be broken down and left without a'name. As regards the monasteries and the priesthood, their lands and properties will be destroyed. The officers o f State, ecclesiastical and lay, will find their lands seized and their other property confiscated, and they themselves made to serve their enemies or wander about the country as beggars do. All beings will be sunk in hardship and fear, and the nights will drag on slowly in suffering ,! —from the Political Testameot of the thirteenth Dalai Lama (d. 1933). Sir Charles Bell, Portrait o f the Dalai Lama (1946), p. 380. CONTENTS • F orew ord by the Secretary-General of the International Com mission of Jurists ............................................................... VII Explanatory notes A bbreviations............................................... ....................... xi Notes on the principal persons m en tioned ....................... xi Notes on Tibetan words and customs referred to . xu Note on Chinese sources q u o t e d ....................................... xiu REPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS BY THE LEGAL INQUIRY COMMITTEE ON TIBET R eport by the Committee to the Secretary-General................. 3 Introduction . ^ ................................................. 7 Chapter One T he Evidence relating to Genocidb Introduction........................................................................... 10 The intent to destroy Buddhism in Tibet: 1. Chinese statements from Chinese sources .... 14 2. -
1995 Chadrel Rinpoche, Jampa Chung and Samdup
r-\.,< ol9,(1111*1(a t( its LE BUREAU DU TIBET Bureau de l'-A.mbassadeur de S.S. le Dalai Lama By Fax: 917 0092 9 May,1997 Ms. Kathryn Hinkle-Babul Secretary UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances Centre for Human Rights - D 314 IJnited Nations I2ll GENEVA 1O Dear Ms. Hinkle-Babul, First of all, Tibet Bureau for IJN Affairs, wishes to thank the Working Group though you, for the expression of its genuine concem over the increasing pattems of disappearances in Tibet, as contained in the Report ElCN.4ll997l34 to the 53'd UN Commission on Human Rights. We are also grateful for the decision taken by the Working Group with regard to the disappearances of Gedhr.ur Choekyi Nyima and his parents for the past two years. We eamestly hope that the Chinese authorities will in adherence to its own call for dialogue, co-operation and consultation, fully co-operate and provide the necessary supporting documents requested by the Working Group. As Gedhun Choekyi Nyima "uelebrated" his eighth birthday in captivity. the Tibetan Govemment in Exile, the six mrllion Tibetan people and Tibetan Buddhist worldwide remains deeply concemed about his and his parents, disappearance, well being and whereabouts. In this connection, we would like to remind the Working Group of our submission of 23 January 1996 conceming the disappearances of Chadrel Rinpoche, Jampa Chung and Samdup and others after being arrested by the Chinese authorities in connection with the selection of the reincamation of the Tenth Panchen Lama. we enclose this submission for yolu reference. -
H 0300 01.Pdf
Political History Collection Interview H.0300.01 Melvyn Goldstein, Editor Center for Research on Tibet Department of Anthropology and Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio ©2004 Location of Interview: Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China Date of Interview: 2000 Language of Interview: Tibetan Interviewed by: Melvyn Goldstein and Tashi Tsering Name: Driyü, Phüntso Dorje [Tib. 'bri yul, phun tshogs rdo rje] Gender: Male Age: 59 Date of Birth: 1941 Abstract Phüntso Dorje [Tib. phun tshogs rdo rje] was an aristocrat from the Driyü [Tib. 'bri yul] family. In this interview, he talks about his education at the Nyarongsha school in Lhasa and in the Tsikhang, as well as about studying diu (the traditional Tibetan arithmetic system). He discusses his work as a gagpa, or bodyguard for the kalön, and his position as the Tsasho officer in charge of collecting salt and wool taxes in Tanag, as well as his work as the head of the Lungmar estate. He also talks about his work paying out salaries to the Tibetan road construction laborers and about becoming a member of the Political Consultative Conference after the revolt. Due to the Panchen Lama incident, Phüntso Dorje was sent to a reform through labor camp for three years and discusses how he again became a member of the Political Consultative Conference. Tape 1 Q: Where is this place located? A: If we go from Gyantse, we will reach a place called Ralung. In early times, it belonged to Reting, but then they confiscated Reting's property. In the beginning, they sent a tsidrung [to adminitrate it]. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 141 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, JULY 20, 1995 No. 118 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was last day's proceedings and announces tions in need of its support. The con- called to order by the Speaker pro tem- to the House his approval thereof. gregation generously provides to these pore [Mr. EMERSON]. Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- groups whatever it can. Reverend f nal stands approved. Hobbs and his congregation help to f bridge a critical gap to those who do DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER not qualify for State and Federal aid, PRO TEMPORE PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE and yet still require assistance. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- The SPEAKER. Will the gentleman I salute the generous efforts of Rev- fore the House the following commu- from Kansas [Mr. TIAHRT] come for- erend Hobbs and Hamden's Spring Glen nication from the Speaker: ward and lead the House in the Pledge Church for their selfless service to the of Allegiance. community. I thank them for their WASHINGTON, DC, Mr. TIAHRT led the Pledge of Alle- July 20, 1995. continuing commitment to these ongo- I hereby designate the Honorable BILL EM- giance as follows: ing efforts. ERSON to act as Speaker pro tempore on this I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the It is our distinct pleasure to have the day. United States of America, and to the Repub- Reverend Hobbs with us today, and we NEWT GINGRICH, lic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.