Sébastian LEQUIME
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The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. -
Transmission and Evolution of Tick-Borne Viruses
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Transmission and evolution of tick-borne viruses Doug E Brackney and Philip M Armstrong Ticks transmit a diverse array of viruses such as tick-borne Bourbon viruses in the U.S. [6,7]. These trends are driven encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, and Crimean-Congo by the proliferation of ticks in many regions of the world hemorrhagic fever virus that are reemerging in many parts of and by human encroachment into tick-infested habitats. the world. Most tick-borne viruses (TBVs) are RNA viruses that In addition, most TBVs are RNA viruses that mutate replicate using error-prone polymerases and produce faster than DNA-based organisms and replicate to high genetically diverse viral populations that facilitate their rapid population sizes within individual hosts to form a hetero- evolution and adaptation to novel environments. This article geneous population of closely related viral variants reviews the mechanisms of virus transmission by tick vectors, termed a mutant swarm or quasispecies [8]. This popula- the molecular evolution of TBVs circulating in nature, and the tion structure allows RNA viruses to rapidly evolve and processes shaping viral diversity within hosts to better adapt into new ecological niches, and to develop new understand how these viruses may become public health biological properties that can lead to changes in disease threats. In addition, remaining questions and future directions patterns and virulence [9]. The purpose of this paper is to for research are discussed. review the mechanisms of virus transmission among Address vector ticks and vertebrate hosts and to examine the Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology & diversity and molecular evolution of TBVs circulating Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, in nature. -
Generic Amplification and Next Generation Sequencing Reveal
Dinçer et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:335 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2279-1 RESEARCH Open Access Generic amplification and next generation sequencing reveal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus AP92-like strain and distinct tick phleboviruses in Anatolia, Turkey Ender Dinçer1†, Annika Brinkmann2†, Olcay Hekimoğlu3, Sabri Hacıoğlu4, Katalin Földes4, Zeynep Karapınar5, Pelin Fatoş Polat6, Bekir Oğuz5, Özlem Orunç Kılınç7, Peter Hagedorn2, Nurdan Özer3, Aykut Özkul4, Andreas Nitsche2 and Koray Ergünay2,8* Abstract Background: Ticks are involved with the transmission of several viruses with significant health impact. As incidences of tick-borne viral infections are rising, several novel and divergent tick- associated viruses have recently been documented to exist and circulate worldwide. This study was performed as a cross-sectional screening for all major tick-borne viruses in several regions in Turkey. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was employed for virus genome characterization. Ticks were collected at 43 locations in 14 provinces across the Aegean, Thrace, Mediterranean, Black Sea, central, southern and eastern regions of Anatolia during 2014–2016. Following morphological identification, ticks were pooled and analysed via generic nucleic acid amplification of the viruses belonging to the genera Flavivirus, Nairovirus and Phlebovirus of the families Flaviviridae and Bunyaviridae, followed by sequencing and NGS in selected specimens. Results: A total of 814 specimens, comprising 13 tick species, were collected and evaluated in 187 pools. Nairovirus and phlebovirus assays were positive in 6 (3.2%) and 48 (25.6%) pools. All nairovirus sequences were closely-related to the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) strain AP92 and formed a phylogenetically distinct cluster among related strains. -
Importance of Mosquitoes
IMPORTANCE OF MOSQUITOES Portions of this chapter were obtained from the University of Florida and the American Mosquito Control Association Public Health Pest Control website at http://vector.ifas.ufl.edu. Introduction to Pests and Public Health: Arthropods are the most successful group of animals on Earth. They thrive in every habitat and in all regions of the world. A small number of species from this phylum have a great impact on humans, affecting us not only by damaging agriculture and horticultural crops but also through the diseases they can transmit to humans and our domestic animals. Insects can transmit disease (vectors), cause wounds, inject venom, or create nuisance, and have serious social and economic consequences. Arthropods can be indirect (mechanical carriers) or direct (biological carriers) transmitters of disease. As indirect agents they serve as simple mechanical carriers of various bacteria and fungi which may cause disease. As direct or biological agents they serve as vectors for diseasecausing agents that require the insect as part of the life cycle. In considering transmission of disease causing organisms, it is important to understand the relationships among the vector (the disease transmitting organism, i.e. an insect), the disease pathogen (for example, a virus) and the host (humans or animals). The pathogen may or may not undergo different life stages while in the vector. Pathogens that undergo changes in life stages within the vector before being transmitted to a host require the vector—without the vector, the disease life cycle would be broken and the pathogen would die. In either case, the vector is the means for the pathogen to pass from one host to another. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Oral Presentation Abstracts ............................................................................................................................... 3 Plenary Session ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Adult Control I ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Mosquito Lightning Symposium ...................................................................................................................... 5 Student Paper Competition I .......................................................................................................................... 9 Post Regulatory approval SIT adoption ......................................................................................................... 10 16th Arthropod Vector Highlights Symposium ................................................................................................ 11 Adult Control II .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Management .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Student Paper Competition II ...................................................................................................................... 17 Trustee/Commissioner -
North American Wetlands and Mosquito Control
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 4537-4605; doi:10.3390/ijerph9124537 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article North American Wetlands and Mosquito Control Jorge R. Rey 1,*, William E. Walton 2, Roger J. Wolfe 3, C. Roxanne Connelly 1, Sheila M. O’Connell 1, Joe Berg 4, Gabrielle E. Sakolsky-Hoopes 5 and Aimlee D. Laderman 6 1 Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory and Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida-IFAS, Vero Beach, FL 342962, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (S.M.O.C.) 2 Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Franklin, CT 06254, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Biohabitats, Inc., 2081 Clipper Park Road, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 Cape Cod Mosquito Control Project, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-772-778-7200 (ext. 136). Received: 11 September 2012; in revised form: 21 November 2012 / Accepted: 22 November 2012 / Published: 10 December 2012 Abstract: Wetlands are valuable habitats that provide important social, economic, and ecological services such as flood control, water quality improvement, carbon sequestration, pollutant removal, and primary/secondary production export to terrestrial and aquatic food chains. There is disagreement about the need for mosquito control in wetlands and about the techniques utilized for mosquito abatement and their impacts upon wetlands ecosystems. -
Vector-Host Interactions Governing Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in Southern California
Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 83(6), 2010, pp. 1269–1282 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0392 Copyright © 2010 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vector-Host Interactions Governing Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in Southern California Goudarz Molaei ,* Robert F. Cummings , Tianyun Su , Philip M. Armstrong , Greg A. Williams , Min-Lee Cheng , James P. Webb , † and Theodore G. Andreadis Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut; Orange County Vector Control District, Garden Grove, California; West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Ontario, California; Northwest Mosquito and Vector Control District, Corona, California Abstract. Southern California remains an important focus of West Nile virus (WNV) activity, with persistently elevated incidence after invasion by the virus in 2003 and subsequent amplification to epidemic levels in 2004. Eco-epidemiological studies of vectors-hosts-pathogen interactions are of paramount importance for better understanding of the transmission dynamics of WNV and other emerging mosquito-borne arboviruses. We investigated vector-host interactions and host- feeding patterns of 531 blood-engorged mosquitoes in four competent mosquito vectors by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting mitochondrial DNA to identify vertebrate hosts of blood-fed mosquitoes. Diagnostic testing by cell culture, real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR, and immunoassays were used to examine WNV infection in blood-fed mosquitoes, mosquito pools, dead birds, and mammals. Prevalence of WNV antibodies among wild birds was estimated by using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analyses of engorged Culex quinquefasciatus revealed that this mosquito species acquired 88.4% of the blood meals from avian and 11.6% from mammalian hosts, including humans. -
The Ecology of New Constituents of the Tick Virome and Their Relevance to Public Health
viruses Review The Ecology of New Constituents of the Tick Virome and Their Relevance to Public Health Kurt J. Vandegrift 1 and Amit Kapoor 2,3,* 1 The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; [email protected] 2 Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA 3 Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 March 2019; Accepted: 29 May 2019; Published: 7 June 2019 Abstract: Ticks are vectors of several pathogens that can be transmitted to humans and their geographic ranges are expanding. The exposure of ticks to new hosts in a rapidly changing environment is likely to further increase the prevalence and diversity of tick-borne diseases. Although ticks are known to transmit bacteria and viruses, most studies of tick-borne disease have focused upon Lyme disease, which is caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Until recently, ticks were considered as the vectors of a few viruses that can infect humans and animals, such as Powassan, Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses. Interestingly, however, several new studies undertaken to reveal the etiology of unknown human febrile illnesses, or to describe the virome of ticks collected in different countries, have uncovered a plethora of novel viruses in ticks. Here, we compared the virome compositions of ticks from different countries and our analysis indicates that the global tick virome is dominated by RNA viruses. Comparative phylogenetic analyses of tick viruses from these different countries reveals distinct geographical clustering of the new tick viruses. -
Single Mosquito Metatranscriptomics Identifies Vectors, Emerging Pathogens and Reservoirs in One Assay
TOOLS AND RESOURCES Single mosquito metatranscriptomics identifies vectors, emerging pathogens and reservoirs in one assay Joshua Batson1†, Gytis Dudas2†, Eric Haas-Stapleton3†, Amy L Kistler1†*, Lucy M Li1†, Phoenix Logan1†, Kalani Ratnasiri4†, Hanna Retallack5† 1Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States; 2Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden; 3Alameda County Mosquito Abatement District, Hayward, United States; 4Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States; 5Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Abstract Mosquitoes are major infectious disease-carrying vectors. Assessment of current and future risks associated with the mosquito population requires knowledge of the full repertoire of pathogens they carry, including novel viruses, as well as their blood meal sources. Unbiased metatranscriptomic sequencing of individual mosquitoes offers a straightforward, rapid, and quantitative means to acquire this information. Here, we profile 148 diverse wild-caught mosquitoes collected in California and detect sequences from eukaryotes, prokaryotes, 24 known and 46 novel viral species. Importantly, sequencing individuals greatly enhanced the value of the biological information obtained. It allowed us to (a) speciate host mosquito, (b) compute the prevalence of each microbe and recognize a high frequency of viral co-infections, (c) associate animal pathogens with specific blood meal sources, and (d) apply simple co-occurrence methods to recover previously undetected components of highly prevalent segmented viruses. In the context *For correspondence: of emerging diseases, where knowledge about vectors, pathogens, and reservoirs is lacking, the [email protected] approaches described here can provide actionable information for public health surveillance and †These authors contributed intervention decisions. -
Powassan Virus and Deer Tick Virus Most Tick-Borne Diseases, Such As Lyme, Are Caused by Bacteria
Powassan Virus and Deer Tick Virus Most tick-borne diseases, such as Lyme, are caused by bacteria. However, with a recent case in New Jersey and discovery in Connecticut blacklegged (deer) ticks, Powassan virus (POWV) has recently come to public attention. Approximately 75 cases of Powassan virus disease were reported in the United States over the past 12 years (103 since 1958) mostly from the Northeast and Great Lakes regions and incidence appears to be increasing. 23 human cases of illness occurred in NY from 1971 to 2016, primarily from the lower Hudson Valley area. Although some people infected with POW do not develop symptoms, it can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and meningitis (inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord). Other symptoms can include fever, headache, vomiting, weakness, confusion, drowsiness, lethargy, some paralysis, disorientation, loss of coordination, speech difficulties, seizures and memory loss. Long-term neurologic problems may occur and about 10% of cases are fatal. There is no specific treatment, but people with severe POW virus illnesses often need to be hospitalized to receive respiratory support, intravenous fluids, or medications to reduce swelling in the brain. Powassan virus was first identified in 1958 from a young boy in Powassan, Ontario who eventually died from the disease. Related to the West Nile Virus, in North America studies so far suggest POWV is a complex of viruses with two genetic ‘lineages’ including the initial (1958) LB strain and others found in Canada and New York State (POWV, Lineage I), and a second sometimes referred to as ‘deer tick virus’ (DTV, Lineage II), found in animals in the eastern and upper mid-west US and in humans. -
Powassan Virus Infection Disease Fact Sheet Series
WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES P- 00355 (06/12) Division of Public Health Page 1 of 2 Powassan virus infection Disease Fact Sheet Series What is Powassan virus infection? Powassan virus (POWV) infection is a rare tickborne viral infection occurring in Wisconsin and other northern regions of North America. POWV infection is caused by an arbovirus (similar to the mosquito-borne West Nile virus) but it is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick instead of a mosquito bite. The virus is named for Powassan, Ontario where it was first discovered. Eleven reported cases of POWV infection have been detected among Wisconsin residents during 2003 to 2011. At least 50 cases have been detected in the United States and Canada since 1958. How is Powassan virus spread? In Wisconsin, Ixodes scapularis (known as the blacklegged tick or deer tick) is capable of transmitting Powassan virus. In addition, several other tick species in North America can carry POWV, including other Ixodes species and Dermacentor andersoni. Where does Powassan virus infection occur? Powassan virus infection occurs mostly in northeastern and upper Midwestern states. In Wisconsin, cases have been detected in areas where there is a high risk of exposure to ticks. Who gets Powassan virus infection? Everyone is susceptible to Powassan virus, but people who spend time outdoors in tick-infested environments are at an increased risk of exposure. In the upper Midwest, the risk of tick exposure is highest from late spring through autumn. What are the symptoms of Powassan virus infection? Symptoms usually begin 7-14 days (range 8-34 days) following infection. -
Microsoft Outlook
Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA).