Index [Italic page numbers indicate major references]

adamellites, megacrystic, 222 anorogenic units, 97 222, 224, 225, 235, 267, 293, Adirondack AMCG. See AMCG suite anorthosites, 3, 301, 303, 304 318, 336 Adirondack anorthosite, origin, 301, anticline, 305 crystallization, 139 302 antiperthite, 304 granites, 56, 63 Adirondack Highlands, 301, 303, 305, Apache Spring tuff, 264 iron-rich, 215 313 apatite, 5, 73, 74, 90, 95, 125, 149, magmatic, 215 Adirondack Mountains, 3, 301 164, 168, 170, 172, 187, 198, modal, 151 agglutinate, 256, 260 209, 222, 224, 277, 293, 305, pale green, 209, 213, 214, 217, 320 aggregates, 150, 186, 213, 222 320, 336 primary, 209 agmatite, 288 crystallization, 172 red-brown, 209, 214, 217, 320, 336 Ahvenanmaa batholith, 276 aplites, 41, 52, 53, 73, 76, 132, 163, schlieren, 148 Ahvenisto area, 278 222, 224, 319 secondary, 209, 213 Ahvenisto batholith, 276 apogranites, 228 skarn, 214, 217 Air region, Niger, 304 Appalachian granitoids, 317, 321, 336 Birch Lake pluton, 123, 132 Aland batholith, 276 , 230 Bishop Tuff. 62, 137, 268, 271 Alaska, interior, 4, 6, 121 Arab Mountain anticline, 304, 306 bismuthinite, 221, 227 albite, 7, 17, 18, 41, 46, 54, 61, 149, Arabian Shield, 296, 297 bitungstate, 217 164, 183, 184, 194, 225, 254 arfvedsonite, 293 bixbyite, 235, 255, 267 albitic stock, 221 argon loss, 167, 168 Black Albitite, 221, 225, 228 albitite, 2, 4, 22, 28, 40, 46, 107, , 3, 221, 317 Black Pearl area, 225 182, 222, 228, 230 Arizona granitoids, 317, 336 Black Pearl mine, 4, 221, 226, 227 alkali, 22, 42 arsenopyrite, 147, 183, 184, 186 Bear Flat Adamellite, 223 alkali-calcic belt, 104 ash flows, 257 Cypress Mountain Granodiorite, alkali feldspar, alkali, 22, 72, 73, 76, assimilation, 8 222 107, 209, 235, 267 augite, 101 migmatite unit, 222 alkalinity, 338 Australia, 172, 321 tungten mineralization, 230 allanite, 73, 74, 76, 90. 164, 170, autoliths, 148 Black Pearl stock, 2, 226 277, 293 axinite, 64, 122, 148, 150 Black Pearl vein, 228 alteration, 36, 40, 108, 109, 147, Black Range, 7, 233, 263 149, 150, 157, 183, 197, 209, Baboquivari Mountains, 319 Black Range tin district, 234, 247 319, 320, 336 Baby zone, 183 Black Tin Mountain, 11, 145, 148, greisen, 151, 158, 336 Bagdad/Black Pearl mine area, 222 152, 154, 155, 156 hydrothermal, 65, 108, 109, 213, Baie Verte-Brompton line, 288 bleaching, 108 215 barite, 116 Blue Tier batholith, 162 macroscopic, 209 basalts, 222, 288 Bodmin Moor pluton, 52, 56 metasomatic, 41 alkali, 265, 270 Bodom batholith, 276 microscopic, 209 oceanic, 277 borate minerals, 147, 148 processes, 209 tholeiitic, 265 Boriana mine, 230, 318 wall-rock, 41, 42, 44 Basin and Range extension, 104, 105 boron, 6, 38. 42, 43, 44. 45, 56, 158 alumina, 22 Basin and Range province, 27 borosilicates, 149 aluminosilicates, lithium, 36 , 39 bastnaesite, 115, 116, 277 Boulder Creek, 222 aluminosity, 17 batholiths Branchville, Connecticut, 38 aluminum, 18, 73, 213, 336 granite, 51 Breadtray facies, 72, 86 amblygonite, 54 rapakivi, 277 breccias, 305 AMCG suite, 301, 303, 310,313 See also specific batholiths carapace, 267 bimodality, 306 Bear Flat Adamellite, 222, 223, 225 Buchans Group, 288 chemistry, 305 Bear Wallow Mountain Formation, Buckeye Hills granite, 319, 337 emplacement, 308, 312 269, 270 Buda Limestone, 108 magmatism, 312 Beaver Creek, 236 Bulter Hill Granite, mineral modes, 76 Amorica, 318 bertrandite, 278 Bursum caldera, 264 amphibole, 147, 150 beryl, 4, 38, 46, 150, 221, 228, 230, Butler Hill caldera, 72 amphibolite, 45, 288, 293 235, 267, 278, 319 Buder Hill facies, 72 anatase, 277 beryllium, 31, 104, 118, 149, 278 Butler Hill Granite, 73 andesine, 164, 293, 303 beta-spodumene, 36 geochemistry, 74 andesite, 130, 131, 265 Bethleham gneiss, 318, 320 Butler Hill pluton, 72, 81, 86 andradite, 155 Bikita, Zimbabwe, 36, 38 annite, 115 bikitaite, 36 calcite, 147, 148, 209 anomalies bimodality, 301, 306 calcium, 14 Eu, 136 Binary granites, 320 caldera complex, 72 negative Eu, 7, 97, 117, 169, 264, biotite, 28, 30, 72, 73, 76, 79, 80, Canadian Windernere Supergroup, 122

306, 321 101, 105, 106, 115, 125, 128, CanTung, 206 negative Nb-Ta, 129 134, 146, 148, 150, 151, 153, petrology, 208 sea-floor spreading, 168 157, 164, 166, 194, 205, 208, skarn, 206, 216

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Cantwell trough, 132 correspondence analysis (CA), 326, devitrification, 43, 89, 100, 253, 254, Cape Mountain, 145 328 256 Cape Mountain pluton, 144, 145, 151, corundum, 200, 254 devolatilization, 6, 72, 278 152, 155, 156 Crawford quarry, 72, 73 diabase, 276, 285, 293 carbon dioxide, 336 crenulates, 4, 5 Diana complex, 301, 303, 305 carbonate, 123, 145, 147, 187, 194 cristobalite, 235, 236 differentiation, 7, 14, 42, 47, 86, 117, Carnmenellis pluton, 52, 56, 62 crust 131, 139, 170, 216, 320, 321, Carrizo Mountain Group, 118 contaminant, 131 335 Carthage anorthosite, 305 continental, 3, 63, 106, 291, 297, early, 136 cassiterite, 4, 54, 61, 65, 115, 116, 337 history, 122 122, 143, 144, 146, 147, 158, lower, 3, 64, 130, 136, 264, 269, internal, 35, 44 164, 182, 184, 186, 200, 201, 270, 271, 284 late, 137 235, 252, 255, 259, 267, 277, upper, 4, 12 magmatic, 172 279, 336 cryolite, 107, 109, 116, 118, 119 processes, 5 Castle-an-Diras mine, 53 crystal nucleation, 43 diffusion, 5, 22 cavities, miarolitic, 5, 73, 74, 147, crystal pseudomorphism, 40 dikes 150, 155, 164, 278 crystalline phases, 40 anorthosite, 304 cerflurite, 115, 116 crystallization, 3, J, 7, 11, 12, 22, 31, aplite, 148, 216, 222 cerussite, 116 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 51, 63, 82, diabase, 277, 280, 292 chalcedony, 236 83, 86, 100, 107, 109, 128, 134, lamprophyric, 208 chalcopyrite, 146, 147, 148, 182, 136, 144, 149, 157, 170, 194, leucocratic, 216 184, 185, 186, 230 197, 201, 205, 229, 278, 296 monzonite, 313 changbaiite, 115, 116 final stages, 21, 27, 201 pegmatite, 222 charnockites, 301, 303 fractional, 7, 28, 32, 63, 66, 72, pegmatite-aplite, 145, 146, 147, chemical modeling, 293 152, 162, 194, 198, 229, 292 150, 155, 157, 160 chemistry, 3,11, 151,305 history, 155, 158 porphyritic, 164, 276, 277, 279, cheralite, 201 igneous, 153 280, 285 Chihuahua, 105 paths, 36, 73 porphyry, 52, 63, 65 childrenite, 187 plagioclase, 172 diomignite, 38 china clay, 51, 53 processes, 4, 28 diopside, 146, 149, 155, 156 chloride concentration, 14, 16, 18, 19, progressive, 26 Divide Albitite, 225, 226, 228 25, 27, 32 quartz, 5 Divide Granite, 225, 226, 228 chlorine, 5, 13, 14, 21, 25, 27, 30, tourmaline, 156 Dolan peak, 265 96, 207, 217 vapor phase, 7, 103, 107, 119, dolomite, 147 chlorite, 73, 122, 150, 164, 222 267 domes, 264, 267 chloritization, 209 crystals, 36, 73, 96, 100, 133, 186 rhyolite, 222 Circle Hot Springs pluton, 123 alkali-feldspan, 52, 58 Drum Mountains, 90 Cirque Lake stock, 216 euhedral, 90 101, 115 Drum Mountains Rhyodacite, 90 clay, 147 feldspar, 89, 163 Dunnage zone, 288 clay minerals, 39 negative, 5 durangite, 236 cleavelandite, 41 potassium-feldspan, 146 Dushey Canyon, 318 Climax, Colorado, 22 pyroxene, 95 Dzhidaarea, USSR, 137 Climax deposit, 4 quartz, 164 Climax-type systems, 4, 6 Cypress Mountain Granodiorite, 222, Ear Mountain pluton, 145, 147,152, clinopyroxene, 136, 149, 279, 293, 225 154 304, 305 East Kemptville, 4 coffinite, 116 Daly Gap, 306 East Kemptville greisen, genesis, 197 Colorado Mineral Belt, 3, 7 Dartmoor pluton, 52, 56 East Kemptville leucomonzogranite, columbite, 54, 115, 116, 164, 277 Davis Canyon tuff, 264 184,197,199, 201 comagmatism, 306 Davis Lake complex, 182, 201 East Kemptville mine, 181 compression, 104 magmatic evolution, 198 East Kemptville ore, 197 Conical Rocks batholith, 165 monzogranites, 189 East Kemptville tin deposit, 182 Conical Rocks pluton, 164 deformation, 104, 122, 182 elpasolite, 116 consolidation, 12 Del Rio Shale, 108 elvans, 52, 63, 65 Contact fault, 183 Dell Tuff, 89, 90, 95, 98, 101 Emory caldera, 264 contaminant, crustal, 133 D'Entrecasteaux Island, 297 enclaves, 164 contamination, 8, 11 deposits, 318, 338 end members, 129, 130, 131, 259, 270 crustal, 131 beryllium, 318 England, southwest, 4,1,51, 66 continental arc, 103 climax-type molybdenum, 1, 31, envelopes convection, 6, 296 218 acidic, 304, 305 convergence, 296 metallic, 3 alteration, 184, 200 Conway Granite, New Hampshire, pyroclastic, 256 greisen, 185 118 tin lode, 144, 158 epidote, 73, 148, 224, 320 Cooney tuff, 269 tin placer, 144 erosion, 132, 144, 288 , 14, 30, 111 uranium, 338 eruptions solubility, 217 tungsten-beryllium-bismuth vein, basaltic, 252 cordierite, 164 221 columns, 259 Cornwall, England, 318 tungsten skarn, 208 silicic, 251, 258 Cornwall granites, England, 71, 122 See also specific deposits Erzgebirge region, 221, 229, 318

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Erzgebirge Younger Granites, 61, 62 fluorapatite, 101, 187, 201 alaskitic, 305 eucryptite, 36 fluoride, 115, 116 granitic, 301, 305 euhedra, 186 fluorine, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 21, 25, 27, gneissosity, 182 Eurajoki area, 278 30, 42, 43, 65, 66, 71, 86, 89, gold, 123 Eurajoki batholith, 276 96, 104, 116, 139, 158, 207, graben, 277 European granitoids, 317, 336 213, 216, 258, 259, 271 granite belt, 143, 151 europium, 75 , 19 concentration, 32, 79, 83, 95 granite suite, A-type, 287 eutectics, 7 fluorite, 28, 54, 65, 73, 74, 76, 89, granite-metawacke contact, 182, 184 Evisa complex, Corsica, 296 96, 115, 118, 122, 146, 148, granites, 7. 21, 122, 145, 147, 148, evolution 150, 157, 164, 184, 187, 201, 149, 151, 162, 168, 225, 288, fluid, 181 217, 221, 224, 225, 228, 230, 319 magmatic, 140, 198 236, 267, 277, 320, 336 A-type, 1, 2, 21, 28, 30, 122, 182, magmatic vapor, 11 fluorite granite, 54, 56 279, 291, 296, 311 petrologic, 121 forsterite, 149, 150 albitic, 222 Exit Tank unit, 257, 259 fountains, eruptive, 251 alkali, 22 experiments, 23 fractionation, 4, 5, 63, 72, 82, 84, 86, amphibole, 292 topaz rhyolite, 23 97, 100, 130, 136, 140, 151, anorogenic, 3 experiments, vapor-undersaturated, 44, 152, 153, 157, 158, 168, 170, aplitic-type, 73, 79 46 172, 285, 287 binary, 318 Exploits subzone, 288 allanite, 170 biotite, 7, 52, 145, 158 exsolution, 278 convective, 199 chlorine-enriched, 22 aqueous phase, 5, 36 crystal. 6, 7, 116, 137, 139, 199, Climax-type, 22 fluid, 217 201, 293 coarse-grained type, 73, 79 hematite, 74 crystal-liquid, 81, 82, 136, 137, crystallized, 7 extension, 3, 104 296 differentiation, 5 extraction, A-type melt, 297 granite S-type, 171 equigranular, 144, 145, 147, 149, hornblende, 170 151, 156, 158, 164 facies, greenschist, 45 igneous, 335 evolution, 157 Fairbanks-Circle area, Alaska, 121, indices, 2 fayalite, 301 124, 131 liquid-liquid, 137, 139 fluorine, 7 Fall Canyon tuff, 264 plagioclase, 169 fluorine-enriched, 22 fallout debris, 257 progressive, 151, 152 fractionation, extreme S-type, 171 faulting, transcurrent, 297 quartz, 116 gamet-bearing, 318 fayalite, 235, 267 Franklin Mountains, 118 genesis, 4 feldspar, 4, 12, 39, 44, 46, 47, 53, 83, fugacity I-type, 2, 18, 122, 125, 129, 131, 96, 97, 101, 107, 109, 115, 150, chlorine, 206 161, 173, 291, 296, 321 184, 198, 253 fluorine, 79, 206, 213, 216, 218 ilmenite series, 2 crystallization, 46 halogen, 205, 213, 217 leucocratic, 208 pegmatitic, 46 , 6, 13, 16, 18, 23, 85, 205, lithophile, 336 potash, 293 216 M-type, 1, 291 potassium, 22, 30, 194, 201, 221, sulfur, 13 magnetite series, 2 222, 228, 230 fugacity ratio, 3, 4 metallogeny, 122, 140 rapakivi, 73. 83, 305 fumaroles, 252 metaluminous, 26, 73, 208, 278 feldspar-quartz intergrowths, 46 molybdenum, 2 Finland, 3, 275 galena, 186 ore-bearing, 8 Finlay Mountains, 106 Garcia Camp tuff, 258, 265, 267, 269, peralkaline, 287, 288, 296 Fjallskar batholith, 276 271 peraluminous, 3, 26, 73, 136, 172, Flowers Bay, Labrador, 296 garnet, 122, 123, 146, 148, 150, 155, 225, 278, 318 fluellite, 116 216, 222, 224, 267, 306, 320 pedogenesis, 8 fluid release, 8 gearksutite, 116 porphyritic, 52, 147, 148, 149, mechanism, 4 generation, granite magma, 8 151, 155, 156, 158, 164 timing, 4 genthelvite, 278 pressure conditions, 36 fluids geochemistry, 54, 74, 151, 161, 278, rapakivi, 275, 277, 284 aqueous, 12, 22, 25, 27, 32, 38, 291, 317, 321 S-type, 2, 4, 18, 122, 161, 173, 187, 229 isotope, 279 291, 296, 321 borosilicate melt, 38 major-element, 168, 189 seriate, 144, 151, 153, 155 chlorine-bearing, 21 Rb-Sr isotope, 187 sheets, 163 fluorine-bearing, 21, 41 rare earth element, 169 systems, 4 hydrofluoric, 201 Sm-Nd isotope, 27P temperature, 36 hydrothermal, 74, 81, 216, 217 trace-element, 168, 189 tin, 2, 4, 7, 121, 131, 139, 143, inclusions, 37, 42, 44, 47, 132, geochronology, 164 337 214, 255 geostatistical analysis, 326 tin-bearing, 336 magmatic, 216, 217 Gila Cliff Dwellings caldera, 234, 264 tin-belt, 158 magmatic hydrothermal, 21, 30 Gilmore Dome pluton, 123 tin-producing, 4 metasomatic, 217 glasses, 22, 43, 74, 90, 91, 96, 100 topaz, 51, 285 pegmatite-derived, 41, 44 natural, 27 tungsten, 2, 4, 7, 121, 131, 139, saturation, 30, 230 volcanic, 27, 28, 36 337 Flume Creek pluton, 123 Glover Group, 288 tungsten skarn, 122 fluocerite, 28, 115 gneisses two-mica, 318, 336

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types, 1 hornfels, 122, 132, 147, 149 Lachlan, fold belt, 162, 172, 321 uranium, 4, 337 Housetop batholith, 164, 166, 167, Laitila batholith, 276 Graniteville granite, 72, 74 169, 170 Lander County, Nevada, 234 geochemistry, 74 HREE. See heavy rare earth elements Land's End pluton, 52, 56 mineral modes, 76 , 230, 318 Langman Field, Afghanistan, 38, 39 Graniteville pluton, 81 huebnerite, 319 large ion lithophile elements (LILE), 3 granitoids, 1, 205, 206, 208, 216, 217 hulsite, 148, 149 Latir volcanic field, 270 barren, 206 Humber zone, 288 lavas, 16, 28, 252, 255, 257, 259, CanTung, 205 hydration, 40, 259 265 felsic, 335 hydrofracturing, 4 flows, 105, 252, 259, 264, 267 ilmenite-series, 321 hydrogen chloride, 17, 18, 19, 237 fountain-fed, 251 mafic, 335 hydrothermal environment, 256 fountains, 259 mineralized, 206 processes, 1, 11, 182, 198, 217 silicic, 269 muscovite-bearing, 318 Lawler Peak Adamellite batholith, 222 peraluminous, 317, 326, 336, 337 idocrase, 148, 150, 156 Lawler Peak aplite, 319 tungsten-related, 205 ignimbrites, 264, 265 Lawler Peak Granite, 224, 228, 230 two-mica, 318, 326, 337 ilmenite, 13, 18, 90, 125, 164, 194, Lawler Peak Muscovite Adamellite, granodiorite, 7, 122, 124, 131, 137, 209, 216, 217, 224, 235, 277, 222 199, 222, 224, 319 306, 320, 338 Le Chevere quarry, 320 granulite, 3 ilmenite granitoid series, 128 leaching, Fe, 215 Great Basin, 318 ilmenorutile, 54, 147 , 14, 130 greenschist, 122 inclusions isotopes, 130 greisen, 122, 143, 147, 148, 149, crystal rich, 38 lepidolite, 54 150, 151, 158, 181, 184, 197, fluid, 107, 216 leucogabbros, 303 200, 221 fluorite, 279 leucogranites, 164, 174, 318, 320 cassiterite-bearing, 201 glass, 89, 91, 96, 101 S-type, 172 fluorine-rich, 200 melt, 89, 90, 99, 101 leucomonzogranite, 182, 183, 184, formation, 209 monazite, 169 197, 199, 201 green muscovite, 185, 197, 200 primary, 100 leucosomes, 303 incomplete, 184 pseudosecondary, 100 ligands, 14 massive, 185, 197 topaz, 279 oxy-hydroxy, 14 minerals, 186 zircon, 152 light rare earth elements, 117, 118, quartz-mica, 185 Indian Peaks lava flow, 267, 269 136, 170, 194, 279, 280 topaz-bearing, 201 Indian Peaks unit, 258 LILE. See large ion lithophile elements zones, 185, 200 Interview River batholith, 165 pluton, 123, 139 greisenization, 200, 201, 225, 228, Interview River pluton, 164, 166 limestones, 108, 145, 149, 150, 264 229 inversions, 278 fluoritized, 104, 118, 119 Grenville Province, 312 iron, 18, 107, 213, 337, 338 linear dependency analysis (LDA), concentration, 18 326, 335 hafnon, 46 oxidized, 226, 335 liquids, residual, 86 halide, 3, 139 isotopes liquidus, 5, 43, 44, 46, 169 fractionation history, 139 lead, 4, 118, 122 depression, 5 halogen, 6, 205, 214 neodymium, 2, 118, 263, 269, 271, temperature, 5, 22, 62, 64, 82, 198, halogen exchange, 215 279 199, 201 halos, bleached, 213 oxygen, 118, 214, 215, 238, 267 lithiophilite, 40 Hame dike, 277 strontium. 2, 4, 122, 130, 131, lithium, 43 haplogranite, 22, 25, 27, 43, 96, 100, 162, 255, 263, 268, 270 lithium pegmatites, 61, 66 195 Italy, Southern, 297 lithophile elements, 31, 35, 46, 82, Hardcastle Creek, 237 89, 122, 337 Harding, New Mexico, 36, 38, 43 Jotnian graben, 277 lithotectonic belts, 318 Harding mine, 41 Joy Tuff, 89, 95, 98, 101 Little Blanca rhyolite, 115, 117 Harp Lake complex, 313 black glass tuff member, 89, 90 Little Round Top rhyolite, 115, 117 Harqua hala mountains granite, 318, crystal tuff member, 90 Livengood terrane, 122 320 Loch Borrolan complex, Scotland, heavy rare earth elements, 117, 118, Kaiser Spring Wash area, 222 297 136, 137, 170, 194 kaolin, 51, 52, 65 lode deposit, tin, 144, 158 Heemskirk batholith, 163, 165, 166, , 236 Long Range terrane, 288 169 kasolite, 116 Lost River pluton, 144, 150, 153, hematite, 4, 107, 116, 164, 221, 227, Keg Mountain, 89 154, 156 235, 236, 255, 267, 320, 336 Keg Mountain Pass, 90 Lovasjavi intrusion, 279 Henderson, Colorado, 80 Kinsman quartz monzonite, 318, 320 LREE. See light rare earth elements Henderson porphyry, 80, 214, 229 Kneeling Nun tuff, 264, 265, 268, 269 ludwigite, 122, 147, 148 Hensbarrow stock, 53, 54 Kokar batholith, 276 Luxulyan, England, 53 Hercynian granite province, 51 Kokemaki batholith, 276 heulandite, 236 Kougarok pluton, 144, 150, 154, 155 MacTung tungsten deposit, 216 Hillside Mica Schist, 224 Kymi area, 278 Macusani, Peru, 36 Honeycomb Hills, Utah, 27 Macusani glass, 41, 43, 45, 47, 61, hornblende, 136, 164, 166, 169, 267, La Jencia tuff, 265 63. 65, 67 304, 320 laccoliths, rhyolite, 104, 119 macusanite, 44, 187

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magma, 7, 199, 217, 230 granitic, 27 minerals acidic, 304 haplogranite, 25, 27, 32 hydrated, 336 anorthosite, 301 homogeneous, 252 lithium, 36, 41 ascent, 8 hydrous, 46 lithophile, 22 biotite, 63 hydrous granite, 5 mafic, 303 differentiation processes, 5, 8 hydrous residual, 43 major, 107 evolution, 12 intermediate, 306 tin-borate, 149 felsic, 89 metaluminous, 25 trace, 115 genesis, 8 peralkaline, 15, 17, 18, 172 See also specific minerals granitic, 21, 44, 63, 65, 71, 200, peraluminous, 15, 25, 27, 62, 172 Missouri, 7 292 quartzofeldspathic, 307 southeastern, 71 haplogranite, 25, 30 quenched, 259 mixing, 129, 130, 278, 284 mafic, 264, 271, 297 residual, 4, 7, 83, 84, 100, 157, models metaluminous, 22, 26, 29, 293 158 Adirondack anorthosite origin, 301, mixing, 287, 304 silicate, 5, 6, 8. 12, 14. 17, 19, 22, 302 parent, 11, 304, 305 36 fractional crystallization, 28, 32, peraluminous, 7, 22, 25, 29 silicic, 269 63 rhyolite, 263 solubility, 172 magmatic vapor evolution, 11 silicic, 251, 258 structure change, 5 pegmatite genesis, 47 source, 3 topaz rhyolite, 25, 27, 32 petrogenetic, 81 topaz rhyolite, 25, 28, 32 viscous, 259 quasi-crystalline solution, 83 water-saturated, 284 mesostasis, 253 Rayleigh, 28 water-undersaturated, 284 meta-argillite, 182 vapor evolution, 7 magmatic development, 12 metallic elements, 217 wood tin mineralization, 246 magmatic-hydrothermal transition, 37 metallogenic province, 318 Mogollon caldera, 264, 269 magmatic processes, 1, 11, 182, 197 metallogenesis, 2 Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, 234, magmatism. 3, 12, 64, 66, 104, 312 metallogeny, 317 252, 264 alkaline, 297 volcanic history, 265 anorogenic, 308 deposits, 4 molybdenite, 6, 31, 184, 186, 221, bimodal, 2 enrichment, 335 227, 230 peralkaline, 297 lithophile, 205 molybdenum, 4, 12, 31, 205, 214, silicic, 43 partitioning, 6 215, 217, 229 , 14 rare, 61 Climax type, 1, 4 magnetite, 12, 18, 72, 90, 96, 101, removal, 6 monazite, 164, 170, 172, 209, 224, 107, 116, 147, 149, 164, 208, transport, 198, 206 235, 277 217, 222, 224, 225, 235, 267, metamorphism, 42, 303, 305, 312 Mongolian ongonites, 61, 71 277, 293, 320, 321, 336, 338 contact, 145 monzoanorthosites, 304 Main zone, 183 metasomatism, 40, 296 monzodiorite, quartz, 288 manganese, 14 metawacke, 183, 200 monzogranite, 131, 182, 189, 194, mangerite, 301, 303 methane, 216 197, 198, 200 mantle, 3, 270 mica, 41, 46, 63, 76, 79, 83, 104, biotite-bearing, 52 marble, 145, 146, 149, 156 107, 115, 139, 147, 182, 184, monzonite, 7, 288, 301 marcasite, 186 185, 198, 209, 216 Mount Emmons deposit, 4 Marcy massif, 303 alteration, 194 Mount Mazama, 16 Marcy-Tupper-Saranac complex, 303, chemistry, 205 Mount Prindle pluton, 123 305, 310 dark, 277 mudflow deposits, 265 margin, convergent, 3 lithium, 54, 56, 61, 65 muscovite, 46, 54, 56, 73, 76, 79, Maritime Provinces, Canada, 318 pale green, 209 125, 153, 164, 166, 182, 184, mass transport, 30, 44 white, 146, 148, 149, 151, 153, 209, 221, 224, 225, 228, 318, Massif Central, France, 318 157, 209 320, 336 Mayor Island, New Zealand, 297 mica hornfels, 145 batholith, 164, 166, 167, 169, 170 Mealy Mountains anorthosite massif, microcline, 41, 107, 184, 225, 228, flakes, 222 313 229 mylonite, 182 Meguma Group, 182, 201 microgranites, 163 mylonitization, 183 Meguma Terrane, 182 microperthite, 306 Meldon Aplite, 52 microphenocrysts, 101 Nanpean stock, 53, 56 melting, 63, 106 Middletown district, Connecticut, 38 Nemst partition coefficients, 12, 15, crystal, 118 migmatite units, 222 16, 18 partial, 3, 7, 8, 63, 64, 264, 270, Mine stock, 208 New England, 318 284 285 mineral modes, 76 New Hampshire, 320 melts, 5,7, 12, 15, 17, 22, 25, 32, 43, mineralization, 30, 65, 122, 145, 164, New Hampshire Plutonic Series, 318, 44, 63. 74, 89, 100, 101, 109, 221, 228, 230, 278, 285, 318 320 136, 157, 171, 278, 292, 296 fumerolic-type, 234 New Mexico, 7, 233, 251, 263 albite, 27 quartz vein, 221, 226 New York, 301 aluminosilicate, 12, 83 tin, 235, 238 Newark Island intrusion, 313 borosilicate, 38 tin-rhyolite, 234 Newfoundland, western 287 components, 15 tin-tungsten, 51 Nigerian granites, 296, 310 evolution, 270 mineralogy, 54, 73 nordenskioldine, 148, 149 fractionation, 44, 46 source, 3 North American Cordillera, 205

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Northwest Territories, Canada, 206 peraluminosity, 18 potassium feldspar, 4, 44, 46, 73, 74, Notre Dame subzone, 288 peraluminous index, 128 107, 129, 133, 149, 162, 164, Nova Scotia, 4, 318, 336 permeation, 304 165, 167, 209, 224, 225, 320, plutons, 321 perthite, 164 336 southwestern, 181 petalite, 36, 38 megacrysts, 209 Nugget gulch, 236, 237 petrogenesis, 62, 71, 86, 116, 143, Potato Mountain pluton, 144 156, 275, 287, 296 Potrillo Maar, 269 Obbnas nappes, 288 petrography, 277,318 Poverty Creek andesite, 265, 269, 270 oligoclase, 90, 209, 267 petrology, 73, 208 predevitrification lavas, 256 ongonites, 21, 28, 61, 71, 264 igneous, 12, 44 preintrusive units, 222 Oonatut Complex pluton, 144, 150, phases Presumidio Peak pluton, 319, 321, 336 155 aluminosilicate, 30, 63 Primos intrusion, 22 ore-bearing systems, 1 aqueous, 199 Proterozoic, 275 ore bodies, 46 aqueous vapor, 6, 36 Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, 122, 130 ore constituents, 30 crystalline, 12, 99, 101 protoliths, 122 ore deposit, 8, 118 equilibria, 7 pseudobrookite, 235, 255 formation, 8 fluid, 5, 26, 28, 29, 207, 217 pumice, 27, 95, 222 genesis, 1, 4, 8, 51 hydrothermal, 116 pyrite, 183, 185, 221, 226, 228 types, 1 lithium aluminosilicate, 36 pyroclastic flows, 259 Oregon domes, 303, 304 magmatic aqueous, 6, 11, 12, 198 pyroxene, 90, 95, 122, 123, 146, 148, oreland, southwest England, 51 melt, 5, 12, 258 149, 155, 301 Ornas batholith, 276 metaluminous, 292, 296 pyrrhotite, 122, 146, 147, 184, 186, orthoclase, 54, 254 peralkaline, 292, 296 209 orthogneisses, 129, 304, 337 solid, 5 pyterlite, 277, 278 orthopyroxene, 301, 304, 306 vapor, 109, 116, 118, 155, 157, Otway Basin, 168 252, 253. quartz, 4, 5, 7, 12, 28, 36, 38, 41, 44, oxidation state, 14, 15, 16, 19, 40, See also crystallization, vapor 46, 47, 53, 54, 65, 72, 73, 76, 122, 125, 128, 207, 217, 337, phase 83, 90, 95, 100, 101, 107, 116, 338 phengite, 209, 213 119, 123, 133, 146, 148, 150, , 40, 46, 54, 73, 98, 107 hydrothermal, 213 164, 182, 184, 186, 209, 222, iron, 223 phenocrysts, 89, 90, 133, 222, 253, 224, 225, 235, 236, 253, 254, oxygen, 205 257, 267 267, 293, 301, 319, 320 alkali-feldspar, 52 bimodal, 139 paigeite, 148 feldspar, 89, 254, 267 crystalline, 30, 97 Palo Verde pegmatites, 319, 336 microcline, 223 modal, 125 Pan Tak pluton, 319, potassium-feldspar, 148 quartz cassiterite veins, 4 parageneses, 36, 40 primary, 5 Quartz Creek pluton, 123 Paramount Canyon, 235 quartz, 27, 89, 90, 97, 99, 267 quartz monzonite, 6, 318, 319 parisite, 201 sanidine, 267 quartz-tourmaline veins, 222 partitioning, 5, 7, 15, 17, 21, 65 phlogopite, 147, 149 quartz trachyte, 259 chloride, 21. 25, 32 mole fraction, 213 quartzite, 145 crystal/melt, 15 phosphates, 40, 46, 61, 172, 187, quenching, 4 elements, 7 194, 198, 201 Questa magmatic system, 270 equilibria, 12, 18 phosphophyllite, 187 Quitman Mountains, 105, 106 fluoride, 21, 25, 27, 32 phosphorus, 5, 335, 336 Quitman Mountains caldera, 105 vapor/melt, 13 phyolites, fluorine-enriched, 22 , black, 221 Pine Grove system, 215 Rainy Lake complex, 288, 291, 297 Pedro Dome pluton, 123 Pinnell Mountain pluton, 123 ralstonite, 116 pegmatite, 5, 41, 44, 52, 53, 66, 150, pipes, breccia, 217 rare earth elements, 5, 7, 14, 44, 46, 222, 224, 226, 229, 230, 319 placer deposits, 122, 143, 144 56, 85, 115, 116, 134, 136, 194, autholiths, 4 plagioclase, 44, 61, 72, 74, 76, 107, 235, 264, 279, 306 bulk, 42 115, 133, 136, 146, 149, 150, Rayleigh fractionation, 293 comb, 53 154, 156, 163, 164, 209, 222, recrystallization, 42, 278 consolidation, 36, 42 224, 225, 235, 253, 254, 278, Red Granite, 163, 169 formation, 5 279, 302, 304, 320 Red Indian line, 288 generation, 35 plutonism, 122, 129 Red Mountain, Colorado, 22, 229 genesis, 37, 42, 47 granite, 35, 43 redistribution, hydrothermal, 336 granitic, 338 plutons, 4, 12, 31, 76, 122, 217, 222 REE. See rare earth elements interaction with wallrock, 44 early differentiation, 136 release, aqueous vapor, 4 isochemical replacements, 40 granitic, 122, 143, 221 Reposaari batholith, 276 massive, 38 hidden, 144 rhyodacite, potassic, 96 miarolitic, 36, 38, 39, 44, 47 suites, 122, 139 rhyolites, 7, 89, 95, 96, 104, 242, nonmiarolitic, 44, 47 tin, 124, 131, 139 259, 263, 267, 270, 288 peraluminous, 43 tungsten, 124, 131 chloride-enriched, 22 pressure conditions, 36 tungsten-related, 128, 131, 139 cryolite, 107 rare-element, 35, 44 porphyries, 4, 11, 31,215 metaluminous, 27 sheets, 53 Portugal, 318 peralkaline, 104, 108 stockscheider, 221 post-greisen veins, 187 peraluminous, 2, 103, 107, 267 temperature, 36 potassium, 14, 18, 336 rare- enriched, 103

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tin, 263 alumina, 292 solution-melts, 37, 41 topaz, 263 Sawmill Canyon, 236 South Mountain Batholith, 182, 199, rifting, 168 scapolite, 146, 149, 150, 154, 156 318, 336 ring plutons, 72 scheelite, 123, 147, 149, 217, 319 Spain, 318 Rio Grande rift, southern, 270 schist sphalerite, 147, 182, 184, 186, 201 Robinette Ridge, 230 migmatized, 222 sphene, 72, 76, 125, 136, 137, 146, rocks muscovite, 222 148, 150, 164, 235, 320 anorthositic, 301 pelitic, 150 sphene concentrates, 137 bulk composition, 96 schorl, 42, 45, 154, 156, 158 sphene crystallization, 137 calc-silicate, 155 Sebago Pluton, 318 spinel, 150 carbonate, 146, 150 segregations spodumene, 36, 38 charnockitic, 301 aplitic, 72 , 73, 81, 86 Spor Mountain, Utah, 27, 28, 30, 107, country, 5, 26, 52. 53, 61, 106, magmatic, 71, 86 118 108, 122, 145, 147, 149, 166, pegmatitic, 184, 200 spreading, sea-floor, 168 208, 217, 229, 302 Selwyn Basin, 206, 216 Springdale Group. 291, 297 crystal, 63 seriate, 148, 150 Spruce Pine, North Carolina, 43 granitoid, 222 sericite, 320, 336 stannite, 54, 147, 182, 186 host, 41, 96, 147 sericitization, 209 Stark-Santa Clara complex, 301, 303, igneous, 3, 82, 104, 301, 304 setting, tectonic, 3, 104, 276, 296, 305 intrusive, 288 308 Steese area, 123 mafic, 41, 288 Seward Peninsula, 4, 143 Stepovich pluton, 123 metaluminous, 254 Seward Peninsula tin belt, 143, 144 stilbite, 201 metamorphic, 122, 145, 156, 276 granite geology, 145 stocks, 277 metasedimentary, 150, 182, 222 mineral chemistry, 151 stockscheider, 4, 183, 225, 229 metavolcanic, 222 mineralization, 145 stoichiometry, 12 peralkaline, 296 rock geochemistry, 151 analysis, 8, 11, 15, 19 peraluminous, 3, 254 shale, 145 strontium, 14 plutonic, 122, 123, 131, 222, 276, Shaw Creek fault, 122 subduction, 3, 104, 131 288 Shelley Peak tuff, 264 subsolidus alteration, 230 porphyritic, 133 shonkinites, 305 subsolidus temperatures, 209, 278 pyroclastic, 252 siderite, 201 suites quartz-topaz, 183, 185 siderophyllite, lithian, 277 A-type granite, 287 sedimentary, 3, 53, 73, 104, 108, Sierra Bianca area, 103 alkaline, 264, 296 116, 122, 149, 208, 222, 288, Sierra Bianca intrusions, 104 anorogenic, 96 318 Sierra Bianca laccoliths, 105 anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite- ultramatic, 288 Sierra Bianca Peaks, 104, 117, 119 granite (AMCG), 301 volcanic, 89, 96, 99, 106, 217, Sierra Bianca rhyolites, 104, 117, 119 calc-alkaline, 291 222, 259, 265, 270, 288 , 270 granitoid, 321 wall, 4, 39, 41, 44, 128, 150, 228, Sierra Nevada batholith, 208 magmatic, 287 252 Sierra Nevada granites, 122 orogenic, 96 roof pendants, 5, 145, 182, 184 Silent Basin, 224, 225 peralkaline, 264 Round Top laccolith, 104, 106, 107 silexite, 184 peraluminous granitoid, 182 elements, 108 silica, 72, 82. 100, 116, 301, 304, sodic granite, 71 Round Top rhyolite, 107, 115, 117, 305 volcanic, 264 118 silicates, 40, 41, 61, 147, 149, 150 sulfate, 116, 187 rubidium, 268, 336 silicification, 237 sulfides, 4, 122, 123, 147, 149, 150, Rubio Peak Formation, 265 sillimanite, 23, 222 162, 185, 187, 209 Rumford-Newry district, maine, 38 skarns, 4, 122, 123, 132, 139, 143, sulfur, 6 rutile, 13, 18, 116, 209, 213, 235, 145, 146, 147, 149, 151, 154, Suomenniemo batholith, 276, 279 336 156, 158, 217 supersaturation, 46 biotites, 209, 213. 216 Svecofennian crust, 281, 285 St. Austell pluton, 52, 53, 56, 58 diopside-rich, 147 Svecokarelian orogeny, 281 geochemistry, 54 E-zone, 208 swarm, 52, 65 minerology, 54 evolution, 157 syenite, 279, 288 St. Austell topaz granites, 53 idocrase-rich, 147 metaluminous, 293 St. Francois Mountains, 7, 72, 86 metallogeny, 156 quartz, 288 St. Francois terrane, 71 open pit, 208 syenogranite, 124, 131 St. Urbain anorthosite, 312 systems, 4 salinities, 39 tungsten, 164, 208, 217 talus, 146 San Diego County, California, 38, 39 slate, 150 Tanco deposit, Manitoba, 36, 38, 42, sandstone, 122, 277 Snowy Mountain domes, 303, 305, 46, 61, 65 Sandy Cape pluton, 164 312 Tanco mine, 41 Sandy Cape Suite, 164, 168, 170 sodium, 14 tantalite, 186 Sanford Lake 312 sodium chloride concentration, 18 tantalum, 116 sanidine, 28, 90, 100, 235, 236, 253, solidus, J, 38, 41, 43 Tantana River, 122 254, 267, 270, 293 temperature, 5, 8, 22, 28, 46, 62, Tasman fold belt, 162 Santa Rita deposit, 214 64, 71, 107, 139, 157, 198, 199, Tasmania, western, 161 Saranac Lake, 304 201 Tasmanian batholiths, 173 saturation, 336 solubility, 22, 62 geochemistry, 164,169

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granite fractionation, 171 tourmaline, 38, 42, 45, 46, 52, 54, 56, volcanics, 16, 264 major element geochemistry, 168 58, 65, 115, 122, 125, 146, 148, rift, 277 petrology, 163 149, 151, 154, 157, 164, 165, sediments, 265 Rb/Sr geochronology, 164 209, 222, 336 volcanism, 264, 265, 297 trace element geochemistry, 168 tourmaline granite, 53, 56, 61, 63, 66 volcanoes, 297 Taylor Creek Rhyolite, 2, 6, 7, 234, tourmalinization, 4, 45, 53, 61, 64, 65 vugs, quartz-tourmaline, 53 251, 255, 264 Trans-Pecos, Texas, 7, 103, 259 chemistry, 267 Trans-Pecos province, 104 Wagga Wagga Tin province, 172 Exit Tank unit, 257, 259 Transition zone, 221 water, 3, 30, 43, 45, 100, 139, 217, geology, 267 transport, vapor-phase, 117 253 Indian Peaks unit, 258 Tregonning-Godolphin pluton, 52, 53 water-rock interaction, 79 origin, 263 tremolite, 146 Western Cordillera, 264 tin content, 258, 268 tridymite, 236 White Granite, 163, 164, 169 Texas Canyon granite, 319 Triple Hill rhyolite, 115, 117 White Mountain, New Hampshire, 310 Thomas caldera, 90 triplite, 187 White Mountain Plutonic Series, 318 Thomas Range, 89 tuffs, 30, 215 White Mountain terrane, 122 thomsenolite, 116 ash-flow, 139, 260, 269, 288 district, Arizona, 40 thorite, 90, 115, 147 tungstate, 217 White granite, 318, thorium, 115 tungsten, 13, 123, 124, 161, 205, 336 Three Hummock pluton, 164 207, 217, 229, 230 White Tank pluton, 319 Tin Creek pluton, 144, 149, 153, mine, 53, 221 Whitewater Canyon unit, 268 156 mineralization, 216, 222, 230 Wiborg batholith, 276, 277 tin granite, 150 skarn, 206, 216 Wiborg complex, 279 tin, 3, 51, 124, 161, 181, 205, 217, Tungstona Mine, 221, 224, 228, 230 wiborgite, 277, 278 251, 255, 256, 258, 338 Tupper-Saranac complex, 301, 303 Wildhorse Basin, 224 genesis, 233 Tupper-Saranac sheet, 303, 305 Williams mine, 230 lode deposit, 144, 158 turquoise, supergene, 54 wolframite, 4, 53, 54, 147, 182, 184, mineralization, 144, 150, 151 186, 221, 227, 230, 336 mines, 181 ultrafractionation, 4, 134 wollastonite, 150 placer deposit, 144 ultramafics, 304 wood tin, 235, 236, 246 production, 143 uraninite, 116, 164 wrigglites, 149 rhyolite-hosted, 233 uranium minerals, 149 Tintina fault, 122 Utah, 89 xenocrysts, 304, 306 tin-tungsten province, 161 xenoliths, 54, 118, 223, 224, 257, titanite, 90, 101, 208, 209, 213, 217, vapor, 15, 17, 30, 41, 44, 45 269, 303 267, 293 evolution, 11, 139, 157 xenotime, 116, 139, 147, 170, 224 titanium, 79, 151, 152, 213 exsolution, 38 Toba tuffs, 95 saturation, 38, 44, 205, 217 Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, 182 Tobiatic Shear zone, 182 transport, 254 yttrium, 118 topaz, 28, 30, 38, 39, 61, 65, 73, 89, varlamoffite, 54 yttrocerite, 115, 116 125, 146, 148, 150, 157, 158, Vehmaa batholith, 276 yttrofluorite, 115, 116 164, 182, 184, 186, 195, 200, veins, 122 Yukon crystalline terrane, 122 201, 217, 222, 225, 228, 235, vesuvianite, 150 Yukon-Tanana terrane, 122, 132 236, 267, 278, 320, 336 virgilite, 36 granites, 4, 7, 51, 53, 61, 66 viscosity, 5, 6, 22, 64, 83, 139, 157, zeolite, 36, 39, 187 Topaz Mountain, 89 158, 229, 258, 259 zeunerite, 149 Topaz Mountain Rhyolite, 5, 89, 91, vitrophyres, 259, 267 zinc, 14 96, 98, 101 volátiles, 7, 27, 61, 67, 101, 198, zinnwaldite, 54, 122, 125, 147, 150, Topaz Mountain suite, 97 205, 229, 264 154, 158 topaz rhyolites, 2, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, associates, 62, 67 zircon, 46, 73, 74, 76, 90, 95, 101, 30, 32, 63, 64, 82, 96, 104, 106, components, 207 115, 125, 136, 146, 164, 169, 116, 118 constituents, 252 170, 194, 201, 209, 224, 225, topazolite, 184 fluxing, 139 235, 267, 277, 293, 312, 320 Topsails igneous suite, 287 partitioning, 5 anhedral, 115 geochemistry, 291 release, 139 crystallization, 115, 137 geology, 288 volatilization, 91 zoisite, 320 units, 288 -"* volcano-plutonic terrane, 71 zunyite, 116

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Ore-bearing Granite Systems; Petrogenesis and Mineralizing Processes

CONTRIBUTORS Introduction Judith L. Hannah Holly J. Stein Theoretical and Experimental Studies Philip A. Candela James D. Webster John R. Holloway David London Fluorine-rich Granite-Rhyolite Systems D.A.C. Manning P. I. Hill P. I. Nabelek C. Russ-Nabelek Christine Payette Robert F. Martin Jonathan G. Price Jeffrey N. Rubin Christopher D. Henry Thomas L. Pinkston Steven W. Tweedy David W. Koppenaal Tin and Tungsten-bearing Granitoids R. J. Newberry L. E. Burns Samuel E. Swanson T. E. Smith Rainer J. Newberry Gary A. Coulter Thomas M. Dyehouse W. N. Sawka M. T. Heizler R. W. Kistler B. W. Chappell Jean M. Richardson Keith Bell David H. Watkinson John Blenkinsop W. T. van Middelaar J.D.Keith Christopher Schmitz Donald M. Burt Tin-bearing Rhyolites, Black Range, New Mexico Robert O. Rye John L. Lufkin Michael D. Wasserman Wendell A. Duffield Cadi Reece Joaquin Ruiz P. Jonathan Patchett Other Pre-Tertiary Granitoid Examples llmari Haapala O. Tapani Ramo Joseph B. Whalen Kenneth L. Currie James McLelland Philip Whitney Ann L. Shaw John M. Guilbert REVIEWERS Richard J. Abitz William P. Nash Joseph G. Arth John H. Dilles Robert A. Ayuso C. Eric Seedorff Fred Barker G. Lang Farmer Mark D. Barton Paul K. Sims John R. Bowman Gordon B. Haxel Petr Cerny Joseph F. Whelan Alan H. Clark Gary P. Landis Kenneth D. Collerson Jay J. Ague O. Don Hermes Stephen D. Ludington Edward A. du Bray Daniel S. Barker Peter W. Lipman James L. Munoz Eugene E. Foord Marion E. Bickford Calvin F. Miller Robert R. Seal Rosalind T. Helz Eric H. Christiansen Geoffrey S. Plumlee Charles K. Shearer David A. Lindsey Warren C. Day Stephen A. Shaver John Tauch Curtis R. Manley John C. Eichelberger Richard P. Taylor James A. Whitney William S. Hallager Willis H. White ISBN 0-8137-2246-2

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