DOCSLIB.ORG

Floriculture and Landscaping

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Floriculture and Landscaping BAPI-006 Floriculture and Indira Gandhi National Open University School of Agriculture Landscaping Block 5 INDOOR PLANTS INCLUDING CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS UNIT 1 Growing Environment 5 UNIT 2 Cacti and Succulents 19 UNIT 3 Semi-woody Indoor Plants 39 UNIT 4 Climbers 62 UNIT 5 Bulbous 89 Programme and Course Design Committee Dr. K. Prathapan Dr. Harpal Singh Mission Director, State Horticulture Mission-Kerala Principal Scientist (Rtd.),G-20/A, Kiran Garden, (Govt. of Kerala), Sunny Dale, Mead’s lane, Main Najafgarh Road, Uttam Nagar Palayam, Trivandrum-695034 (Kerala) New Delhi Dr. Room Singh Dr. S.V.S. Rathore Principal Scientist (Rtd.),HIG-II/110 B-39, HIG, Near Paschim Crossing, Swarn Jayanti Nagar, Ramghat Road, Shastri Puram Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh) Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Dr. S.S. Sindhu Dr. R.L. Mishra Principal Scientist, Department of Floriculture and C-04, Brahma Apartment,Plot-7 Landscaping, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Sector-7, Dwarka, Pusa,New Delhi-110012 (Delhi) New Delhi Dr. Prabhat Kumar Dr. Neera Kapoor Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Professor, Life Science,School of Science, College of Agriculure, G. B. Pant IGNOU,Maidan Garhi University of Agriculture and Technology, New Delhi Pantnagar, Dist. US Nagar (Uttarakhand) Faculty from School of Agriculture Dr. M.K. Sheikh Prof. B.S. Hansra, Director Head & Professor, Horticulture College of Prof. M.K. Salooja, Professor Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences Dr. S.K. Yadav, Reader P.B. No.-18, Bijapur (Karnataka) Dr. P.K. Jain, Lecturer Dr. P. Vijayakumar, Lecturer Dr. P.K. Jain Er. Mukesh Kumar, Lecturer Professor & Head, Department of Horticulture, Dr. Mita Sinhamahapatra, Lecturer Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswavidyala Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) Programme & Course Coordinator : Dr. S.K. Yadav Block Preparation Team Writers Editor Dr. Harpal Singh (Unit 1-5) Dr. S.S. Sindhu, (Unit 1-5) Sr. Consultant Principal Scientist, Department of Floriculture School of Agriculture and Landscaping, Indian Agricultural Research IGNOU, New Delhi Institute (IARI), Pusa,New Delhi PRODUCTION TEAM Mr. Kulwant Singh Mr. Hemant Parida Assistant Registrar (P) Section Officer (P) MPDD, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi MPDD, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi January, 2021 Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2020 ISBN : 978-93-90496-98-3 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the Indira Gandhi National Open University. Further information on the Indira Gandhi National Open University courses may be obtained from the University's office at Maidan Garhi, New Delhi. Printed and published on behalf of the Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi by the Registrar, MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi. Laser Typeset by Raj Printers, A-9, Sector B-2, Tronica City, Loni (Gzb.) Printed at : Raj Printers, A-9, Sector B-2, Tronica City, Loni (Gzb.) BLOCK 5 INDOOR PLANTS INCLUDING CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS Indoor plants are an important component of aesthetics. Several plants are now found purifying the air of rooms. Plants which can sustain their life without sunshine or with limited sunshine. Such plants are suitable for indoor plantation. Most of these plants are capable of growing in the pots. These plants require specific management avenue to grow. Their upkeep is not so much submissive but specific. In this block, you would learn about the growing environment of these indoor plants. Also, information about the cactus and other succulents has been provided to help you to choose right kind of indoor plant for your use. Certain indoor climbers are available. Their growing behaviour and types are also explained. Indoor Plants Including Cacti and Other Succulents 4 UNIT 1 GROWING ENVIRONMENT Growing Environment Structure 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Light 1.2.1 Light Used in Photosynthesis Process 1.2.2 Indoor Light Levels and its Measurement 1.2.3 Day Length of Light 1.2.4 Natural Light 1.2.5 How Plants Seek Light 1.2.6 Sunny Light 1.2.7 Filtered Sunlight 1.2.8 Shady Light 1.2.9 Poor Light in the Room 1.2.10 Artificial Light for Indoor Plants 1.3 Temperature 1.3.1 Mini-climate-1 1.3.2 Mini-climate-2 1.3.3 Mini-climate-3 1.3.4 Mini-climate-4 1.3.5 Mini-climate 5 1.3.6 Monitoring of Temperature 1.3.7 Variable Temperatures in the Indoor House 1.4 Humidity 1.4.1 Monitoring of Humidity 1.4.2 Sign of Humidity Deficiency 1.4.3 How to Increase Humidity 1.4.3.1 Portable Humidifier 1.4.3.2 Mist-spraying 1.4.3.3 Pebble–filled Tray 1.4.3.4 Lining Baskets 1.4.3.5 Burying Pots in Peat 1.5 Let Us Sum Up 1.6 Key Words 1.7 Further References 1.8 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 1.0 OBJECTIVES The unit will give you details about the climatic requirements for growing healthy plants under indoor environment. The plants growing in your houses come from temperate, sub-tropical and tropical areas where widely differing growing conditions exist. 5 Indoor Plants Including Cacti for growing all these foliage plants you have to provide proper light to indoor and Other Succulents plants, according to their requirement. some growing under shade need the same environment in the house in order to grow. to provide proper temperature to indoor plants to develop favourable environment. some are exposed to high temperature and need a high warm climate in the house. the third important factor is humidity which help to develop proper environment for all type of foliage plants used indoor. you will study all these points as per the requirement of different type of indoor plants. 1.1 INTRODUCTION After the world war-second, the indoor house plants become a part of modish interior decoration, for their fascinating foliage, flower and forms. The indoor plants include foliage plants, palms, cacti and succulents and flowering plants. In recent year there has been a manifold increase in the demand of indoor plants, as people are getting conscious about their significance in making indoor environment healthy and beautiful. The dearth of open space, especially in multi- storeyed flat or apartments, has given impetus to pot culture and has increased the demand of indoor plants. These pot plants are used for the adornment of residential buildings, rooms, corridors, portico, window sills and offices. Most of the plants can be grown indoors under indoors they get different environment as compared to outdoors so all the indoor plants need congenial environment to grow healthy. If not provided there will be some initial set back, and plant will die. The selection of indoor plants, and knowledge to provide a congenial environment to them is very important aspect to grow indoor plants. Plants do not perform well when there is sudden change in indoor environment. The successful cultivation of indoor house plants depend on climatic environment of the place where plant is to be grown and the micro-climate of the house interior. The major factors essential to develop essential environment in indoors where indoor plants are grown are light, temperature and humidity. The micro-climate required for different type of indoor plants is different. The other factors, such as soil, pot and potting mixture, propagation techniques and cultural practices, fertilization, watering, repotting or topdressing, pest and disease control are equally important factors to grow indoor house plants successfully. This unit will highlight all these important necessary factors, required for developing micro-climate inside the house for indoor plants with other cultural practices to develop healthy and attractive indoor plants in the house. 1.2 LIGHT The light is essential requirements for all plants, without which growth suffers, and leaves become small and pale. Healthy growth depends on the process of photosynthesis which produces carbohydrates. Which is essential for overall growth of the plants. 6 It is triggered off by the action of light on the green pigment chlorophyll. The Growing Environment pigment imports green colour to the plants part majorly present in green leaves as well as present in red, bronze, purple and grey leaves as the other colour is just an overlay to the green beneath. Variegated-leaved indoor house plants, however, are in a disadvantage as the yellow, cream or white sections on their leaves contain no chlorophyll. For this region, variegated-leaved indoor plants generally need brighter light for the strong leaf colour contrast. 1.2.1 Light Used in Photosynthesis Process The photosynthesis process in only possible if plant get sufficient light. This is the process undertaken by the part of plant containing the green pigment chlorophyll, in which light energy is used to produce carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide. During day light hours, carbon dioxide is taken from the air through the pores (stomata) of the leaves. Photosynthesis occurs through the action of light on the chlorophyll in the leaves. The light energy is used to split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen with the carbon dioxide taken in through the stomata to form carbohydrates, such as glucose, which provides the plant with food. Certain minerals are required for these chemical reactions, and these are taken up, with water by roots. This whole process in known as “Photosynthesis”. The flow of oxygen and carbon dioxide is reversed as the plants respires or “Breathes”. 1.2.2 Indoor Light Levels and its Measurement Plant in their native habitats have adapted to a wide range of different light levels. Indoors, you should try to provide the light intensity preferred by each plant as far as possible. To do this, you need to assess the amount of light present in various parts of any particular room.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prickly News South Coast Cactus & Succulent Society Newsletter | Feb 2021
    PRICKLY NEWS SOUTH COAST CACTUS & SUCCULENT SOCIETY NEWSLETTER | FEB 2021 Guillermo ZOOM PRESENTATION SHARE YOUR GARDEN OR YOUR FAVORITE PLANT Rivera Sunday, February 14 @ 1:30 pm Cactus diversity in northwestern Argentina: a habitat approach I enjoyed Brian Kemble’s presentation on the Ruth Bancroft Garden in Walnut Creek. For those of you who missed the presentation, check out the website at https://www. ruthbancroftgarden.org for hints on growing, lectures and access to webinars that are available. Email me with photos of your garden and/or plants Brian graciously offered to answer any questions that we can publish as a way of staying connected. or inquiries on the garden by contacting him at [email protected] [email protected]. CALL FOR PHOTOS: The Mini Show genera for February are Cactus: Eriosyce (includes Neoporteria, Islaya and Neochilenia) and Succulent: Crassula. Photos will be published and you will be given To learn more visit southcoastcss.org one Mini-show point each for a submitted photo of your cactus, succulent or garden (up to 2 points). Please include your plant’s full name if you know it (and if you don’t, I will seek advice for you). Like us on our facebook page Let me know if you would prefer not to have your name published with the photos. The photos should be as high resolution as possible so they will publish well and should show off the plant as you would Follow us on Instagram, _sccss_ in a Mini Show. This will provide all of us with an opportunity to learn from one another and share plants and gardens.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithops Scrapbook: Part 1’, Comment on ‘Data on Lithops Cultivar Names’, Cactus World, Formosa, V
    Painting of L. julii subsp. fulleri var. brunnea © Jim Porter and reproduced with kind permission. Brief additional notes to the Cole Lithops monographs by Keith Green. Introduction An abridged version of these notes was published over three issues by the BRITISH CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY in their journal CACTUS WORLD, in December 2007, March 2008 and June 2008. This is the complete, unedited project. The following notes evolved from my intention to provide an update (without any duplication) to Professor DESMOND T. COLE’s original Lithops monograph - LITHOPS FLOWERING STONES, published in Randburg, Republic of South Africa by Acorn Books in 1988. An attempt was made to briefly document all of the subsequent discoveries within the genus, with emphasis on the originating source. I gave consideration to every “new” Lithops I saw mentioned (the vast majority of which were termed cultivars) and documented, further researched and where possible obtained photographs of those I considered worthy of the rank afforded them. Over the years I therefore amassed quite a reasonable number of entries. Early in 2003 I learned through the pages of the M.S.G. Bulletin that Professor Cole was going to update his work and have a second edition Lithops monograph published. Subsequently I was able to make contact with Professor Cole, and I sent him a rough copy of these (then embryonic) notes hoping that they would be of some assistance to him in compiling his new book. Although he and Naureen kindly mention my help on p. 11 of ‘Cole’05’, I learnt a great deal more from the Coles’ than they could ever have learnt from me! Professor Cole’s reply (which included some Lithops seed) was most informative.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Institutional Research Information System University of Turin 1 IDENTIFICATION OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. OPUNTIARUM 2 ON NEW HOSTS OF THE CACTACEAE AND EUPHORBIACEAE 3 FAMILIES 4 D. Bertetti, G. Ortu, M.L. Gullino, A. Garibaldi 5 6 Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), 7 University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy. 8 9 Running title: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. opuntiarum on succulent plants 10 11 Corresponding author: D. Bertetti 12 Fax number: +39.011.6709307 13 E-mail address: [email protected] 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 26 SUMMARY 27 28 Fusarium oxysporum has recently been detected in commercial nurseries in the Ligurian 29 region (northern Italy) on new succulent plants belonging to the Cactaceae family 30 (Astrophytum myriostigma, Cereus marginatus var. cristata, C. peruvianus monstruosus and 31 C. peruvianus florida) and to the Euphorbiaceae family (Euphorbia mammillaris). The 32 pathogen has been identified, for all the new hosts, from morphological characteristics 33 observed in vitro. The identifications have been confirmed by means of ITS (Internal 34 Transcribed Spacer) analysis and/or by Translation Elongation Factor 1α (TEF) analysis. The 35 aim of this work was to identify the forma specialis of the F. oxysporum isolates obtained 36 from new succulent plants. This has been investigated by means of phylogenetic analysis, 37 based on the Translation Elongation Factor 1α gene and intergenic spacer (IGS), carried out 38 on single-spore isolates, together with pathogenicity assays.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 MSU Horticulture Gardens Houseplant and Succulent Sale - Tentative Inventory
    2020 MSU Horticulture Gardens Houseplant and Succulent Sale - Tentative Inventory Scroll Down for Cacti and Foliage Plants All Prices- To Be Determined Item Code Quantity Pot Size Genus species Common Name Family Light Water Category SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS ADRO001 4" to 4.5" Adromischus cristatus 'Key Lime Pie' Crinkle-leaf Plant Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON001 15 4" Aeonium arborescens ' Tip Top' Dwarf Tree Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON002 10 4" Aeonium atropurpureum Purple Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON003 4" Aeonium castello-paivae variegata 'Suncup' Suncup Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON004 30 4" Aeonium haworthii 'Kiwi' Haworth's Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON005 15 4" Aeonium hybrid 'Stripe' Stripe Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AGAV001 3 4" Agave geminiflora Twin flowered Agave Agavoideae High Low Succulent AGAV002 43 4.5" Agave gypsophyla 'Ivory Curls' Ivory Curls Century Plant Agavoideae High Low Succulent AGAV003 39 3.5" to 4" Agave victoriae-reginae 'Porcupine' Queen Victoria Agave Agavoideae High Low Succulent AGAV004 64 4.5" Agave xylonacantha 'Frostbite' Frostbite Century Plant Agavoideae High Low Succulent ALBU001 14 6" Albuca bracteata Pregnant Onion Asparagaceae High Low Succulent ALBU002 36 4" Albuca bracteata Pregnant Onion Asparagaceae High Low Succulent ALOE001 33 4" Aloe aristata Lace Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE002 26 4" Aloe ciliaris Climbing Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE003 20 4" Aloe hybrid 'Minnie Belle' Hybrid Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE004 37 4" Aloe hybrid 'Pink Blush' Pink Blush Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE005 3 6" Aloe hybrid 'T.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Houseplant & Succulent Sale Plant Catalog
    MSU Horticulture Gardens 2020 Houseplant & Succulent Sale Plant Catalog Click on the section you want to view Succulents Cacti Foliage Plants Clay Pots Plant Care Guide Don't know the Scientific name? Click here to look up plants by their common name All pot-sizes indicate the pot Succulents diameter Click on the section you want to view Adromischus Aeonium Huernia Agave Kalanchoe Albuca Kleinia Aloe Ledebouria Anacampseros Mangave Cissus Monadenium Cotyledon Orbea Crassula Oscularia Cremnosedum Oxalis Delosperma Pachyphytum Echeveria Peperomia Euphorbia Portulaca Faucaria Portulacaria Gasteria Sedeveria Graptopetalum Sedum Graptosedum Sempervivum Graptoveria Senecio Haworthia Stapelia Trichodiadema Don't know the Scientific name? Click here to look up plants by their common name Take Me Back To Page 1 All pot-sizes indicate the pot Cacti diameter Click on the section you want to view Acanthorhipsalis Cereus Chamaelobivia Dolichothele Echinocactus Echinofossulocactus Echinopsis Epiphyllum Eriosyce Ferocactus Gymnocalycium Hatiora Lobivia Mammillaria Notocactus Opuntia Rebutia Rhipsalis Selenicereus Tephrocactus Don't know the Scientific name? Click here to look up plants by their common name Take Me Back To Page 1 All pot-sizes indicate the pot Foliage Plants diameter Click on the section you want to view Aphelandra Begonia Chlorophytum Cissus Colocasia Cordyline Neoregelia Dieffenbachia Nepenthes Dorotheanthus Oxalis Dracaena Pachystachys Dyckia Pellionia Epipremnum Peperomia Ficus Philodendron Hoya Pilea Monstera Sansevieria Neomarica Schefflera Schlumbergera Scindapsus Senecio Setcreasea Syngonium Tradescantia Vanilla Don't know the Scientific name? Click here to look up plants by their common name Take Me Back To Page 1 Plant Care Guide Cacti/Succulents: Bright, direct light if possible. During growing season, water at least once per week.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 55, No. 6
    Vol. 55, No. 6 November - December 2018 www.hcsstex.org 1 Vol. 55, No. 6 November - December 2018 From the editor Karla Halpaap-Wood I want to thank everybody who contributed to this KK. The indexes for KK general articles, cactus and succulent of the month are updated on the website and include all of Volume 55. They can be found here: http://www.hcsstex.org/newsletters.html Membership Kathy Fewox At our 2018 Show & Sale, held September 8 and 9, HCSS added eleven new members. Please join me in welcoming Mike Bodkin, Walker Oliver, Christy Wild, Patricia Moreno, Madeline Droog, Art Leuterman, Portia Leyendecker, Karen Kain, Michael Stencel, Alicia Lau, and Peter Pham to our club. We also gained a returnee in Mary McConnell, who had accidentally let her membership lapse. Mary has been attending college, and night classes and homework made it impossible for her to attend HCSS meetings. She hopes a different schedule will allow her to join us more regularly. We had two door prizes at the Show & Sale. Patricia Moreno won a beautiful Echeveria, and Rafael Sepulveda was the happy winner of a Euphorbia milii. On September 26, twenty-four members attended the meeting. Among those was brand-new member Rafael Sepulveda, who joined at the meeting. Welcome to HCSS, Rafael! Also attending were guests Ken Warren, Michael Bryan (guest of Victoria Castillo), and Sue Ellen Richardson and her son (whose name I can’t read). Several wonderful door prizes were given away. Dave Thomas donated a Kalanchoe prolifera, which was won by July Olson.
    [Show full text]
  • The Passion for Cacti and Other Succulents ISSN 2285 – 3987
    the passion for cacti and other succulents ISSN 2285 – 3987 10 Oct 2014 the passion for cacti and other succulents contents 3 · Editorial 10 97 · Sprekelia formosissima Ecology-Biology | Eduart | Xerophilia Conservation Contributions Connoisseur’s Notes 85 · When succulents attack! A peninsula under threat 4 · Carnivorous xeric flora in San 42 · Agave potatorum and other | Jennifer Pannell Luis Potosi. Mexico xerophytes in Tepanco de López, | Pedro Nájera Quezada Puebla | Francisco Moreno Aztekium valdezii Dossier 31 · Iconography of Agave univittata Haw. and Agave lechuguilla Torr. 57 · Mammillaria theresae Cutak and 95 · The step forward (Agavaceae) Mammillaria deherdtiana Farwig | Dag Panco | Piet van der Meer & al. (On the history of cv. albiflora) | Stefan Nitzschke Xero-Art Travelogues 72 · Touring some Lithops in the wild 98 · Some of my recent fine rta | Judd Kirkel Welwitch 17 · Three weeks in Mexico works Part one | Leo Rodríguez | Aldo Delladdio News & Events 52 · A Dane visiting Romania 48 · A new fantastic plant: Online Journals A story about friendship and Mammillaria bertholdii Linzen 103 · Online magazines cacti. spec. nova | Xerophlia Part one | Xerophilia | Erik Holm 61 · Festa del Cactus 2014 What’s cooking? | Andrea Cattabriga Bits & Pieces 105 · What else do we have prepared 101 · A sad summer for for Xerophilia 11 30 · An example of evolutionary the Romanian cactus | Xerophilia regression enthusiasts | Andrea Cattabriga | Xerophilia Founders: Eduart Zimer • Dag Panco • Valentin Posea • is resting with the authors. By simply submitting the papers for publication the Editorial team: Eduart Zimer - Editor • Dag Panco - PR • Andrea Cattabriga authors confirm that they are the legal copyright holders. Opinions expressed by - Graphic layout • Pedro Nájera Quezada - Field researches • Miguel Angel the authors in the journal are not necessarily those of the members of Editorial Gonzalez Botello - Cartography.
    [Show full text]
  • CACTUS COURIER Newsletter of the Palomar Cactus and Succulent Society the North San Diego County Cactus and Succulent Society
    CACTUS COURIER Newsletter of the Palomar Cactus and Succulent Society The North San Diego County Cactus and Succulent Society Volume 63, Number 11 November 2018 NEXT MEETING This Month’s Presentation: Sat., November 17th The New, Rare & Seldom Seen Cactus of Mexico By: Wendell S. (Woody) Minnich *This is a week early!* Mexico is considered by many to be one of the richest regions Park Ave. Community Center in the world for cacti. From the United States to the north, to 210 Park Ave., Escondido its southern border of Guatemala, there are an amazing number of genera and species to be found. These range from Brag plants, Exchange Table, Benefit Drawing the tiny Turbinicarpus to the giant Pachycereus. Within the 11:00am - 3:00pm reaches of Mexico, there are many diverse geologic environments. These habitats vary from the coastal and inland low lands to its many high mountain niches. For almost 50 years, I have been lucky enough to have traveled IN THIS ISSUE most all of Mexico. Thus, my favorite regions for exploring Speaker Information p. 1-3 include the most popular Baja California, to the mysterious Notices p. 3 Sierra Madre Occidental, and the succulent rich Sierra Madre Holiday Party Information p. 3 Oriental. It is from these famous territories that the majority Plant of the Month p. 4 of the highly desired collector’s taxa are to be found. Show & Sale Recap p. 5 Volunteer Thank You p. 5 One might think that Mexico, being so close to the United Winners’ Table Photos p. 6 States, would have been totally explored and there would be Judges & People’s Choice Photos p.
    [Show full text]
  • Redefining the Griqualand West Centre of Endemism
    Redefining the Griqualand West Centre of Endemism AW Frisby 25474014 Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Scientiae in Botany at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Supervisor: Prof SJ Siebert Co-supervisor: Mr DP Cilliers May 2016 DECLARATION I declare that the work presented in this Masters dissertation is my own work, that it has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other university, and that all the sources I have used or quoted have been acknowledged by complete reference. Signature of the Student:………………………………………………………… Signature of the Supervisor:………………………………………………………. ii ABSTRACT The Griqualand West Centre (GWC) of plant endemism in the Northern Cape was defined and described in 2001 according to geological features and limited floristic data. Approximately 40 plant species were proposed to be endemic to the GWC in an area larger than Lesotho and similar in size to provinces such as KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga. As these political areas each contain one or more centres of endemism with hundreds of endemics, the existence of a GWC could be questioned considering its large size and few endemics. To test for the presence of the GWC, data regarding the plant species present in the region and their distributions were sourced from the Plants of Southern Africa database, literature surveys and herbaria with specimens collected from the region. After mapping the species distributions, 24 plant species were found to be restricted to the Griqualand West region. The disjunct distributions of two near-endemic taxa indicated a link between the GWC and two other centres of plant endemism, namely Gariep and Sekhukhuneland.
    [Show full text]
  • IDENTIFICATION of FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. Sp. OPUNTIARUM on NEW HOSTS of the CACTACEAE and EUPHORBIACEAE FAMILIES
    Journal of Plant Pathology (2017), 99 (2), 347-354 Edizioni ETS Pisa, 2017 347 IDENTIFICATION OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM f. sp. OPUNTIARUM ON NEW HOSTS OF THE CACTACEAE AND EUPHORBIACEAE FAMILIES D. Bertetti, G. Ortu, M.L. Gullino and A. Garibaldi Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy. SUMMARY was more than 4 billion dollars in 2014 (USDA, 2015); in Canada, the import and export value of ornamental plant Fusarium oxysporum has recently been detected in com- products was about 418 and 312 million Canadian dollars, mercial nurseries in the Liguria region (northern Italy) on respectively, in 2013 (Statistical Overview of the Canadian new succulent plants belonging to the Cactaceae family Ornamental Industry, 2013); in Europe, the importing of (Astrophytum myriostigma, Cereus marginatus var. cristata, live plants and floriculture products reached more than C. peruvianus monstruosus and C. peruvianus florida) and 1,500 million euros in 2014 (European Commission, Ag- to the Euphorbiaceae family (Euphorbia mammillaris). The riculture and rural development, 2015). pathogen has been identified, for all the new hosts, from The ornamental industry in Italy is important in the morphological characteristics observed in vitro. The iden- agricultural sector because of its favourable climatic con- tifications have been confirmed by means of internal tran- ditions and specific economic situations that positively in- scribed spacer (ITS) analysis and/or by translation elonga- fluence the economic returns, with a production of about tion factor 1α (TEF) analysis. The aim of this work was 2,670 million euros in 2011 (Schimmenti et al., 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Botanical Terms - Single Pa
    The Succulent Plant Page: Glossary of Botanical Terms - single pa... https://succulent-plant.com/glossary/plantglossary.html#dioscorides Glossary of Botanical Terms Single page version Use the FIND function in your browser, or the search box below to locate the word in which you are interested, from more than 1100 definitions. Important words in many definitions are cross-linked to enhance the definition. Please send suggestions for missing terms or improved definitions. Enter word below - exact spelling dioscorides Find Reset A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A A - Latin prefix: not, negative, without, lacking Abaxial - facing away from the main axis e.g. lower surface of a leaf. Abiotic - of non-living environmental factors (precipitation, temperature, wind) that affect living members of an ecosystem. Abortive - development arrested while incomplete or imperfect. Abscise - to cut off. Hence abscission, the normal separation of a leaf, fruit, or flower from a plant. Abscisic acid - a plant hormone that induces abscission of leaves, dormancy and other adaptations to poor growing conditions. Acanthocarpa - bearing spiny fruit. Also echinocarpa. Acanthodes - (Greek: acantha = thorn) full of thorns or spines. Acaulescent - without a visible stem. Accrescent - continuing to increase in size after maturity or flowering, especially of floral parts. Accumbent - of a pair of cotyledons curving back towards the hypocotyl so that their edges are turned towards the hypocotyl. Achene - a small, dry, indehiscent fruit developing from a simple ovary with the seed distinct from the pericarp (fruit wall) which is generally attached to the seed at a single point.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Characteristics, Genetic Diversity and Conservation Concerns for the Genus Lithops in Namibia
    Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae Doctoral Thesis No. 2019:28 Doctoral Thesis No. 2019:28 The dwarf succulent genus Lithops, Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science pseudotruncatella. Habitat characteristics, genetic diversity and conservation concerns for the genus Lithops in Namibia Sonja Loots Sonja Loots the University of Namibia. in Namibia • ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN (print version) 978-91-7760-374-0 ISBN (electronic version) 978-91-7760-375-7 Habitat characteristics, genetic diversity and conservation concerns for the genus Lithops in Namibia Sonja Loots Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science Department of Plant Breeding Alnarp Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp 2019 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2019:28 Cover: The landscape photograph shows the plain to the south of the Tssaus Mountain with the habitat of Lithops hermetica after some rains in 2011, i.e. the last rains this area would get for 7 years; top left to right: L. ruschiorum in flower; L. julii in flower; L. karasmontana subsp. eberlanzii ( now merged with subsp. bella) of the rare “avocado cream” form. Bottom left to right: L. ruschiorum in feldspar substrate; the monitoring plot of L. vallis-mariae with temporary markers, from which all the plants were illegally removed some time after this photograph was taken ; contractors at the Rössing Uranium mine helping to find L. ruschiorum after the poles of the monitoring plots were secured with cement. (photos: S. Loots) ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN (print version) 978-91-7760-374-0 ISBN (electronic version) 978-91-7760-375-7 © 2019 Sonja Loots, Alnarp Print: SLU Service/Repro, Uppsala/Alnarp 2019 Habitat characteristics, genetic diversity and conservation concerns for the genus Lithops in Namibia Abstract The dwarf succulent genus Lithops (Aizoaceae) is endemic to southern Africa, with 16 species in Namibia.
    [Show full text]