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Novedades Para La Pteridoflora Ibérica En El Contexto De Un Nuevo Sistema Para Las Plantas Vasculares Sin Semilla

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Novedades Para La Pteridoflora Ibérica En El Contexto De Un Nuevo Sistema Para Las Plantas Vasculares Sin Semilla ARTÍCULOS Botanica Complutensis ISSN-e: 1988-2874 http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/BOCM.61369 Novedades para la pteridoflora ibérica en el contexto de un nuevo sistema para las plantas vasculares sin semilla Jose María Gabriel y Galán1, Sonia Molino, Pablo de la Fuente, Andrea Seral Recibido: 22 diciembre 2017 / Aceptado: 10 enero 2018. Resumen. Recientemente ha sido publicada una nueva propuesta de clasificación de las plantas vasculares sin semilla (PPG1) hasta el rango de género, basada en caracteres morfológicos y filogenias moleculares, siendo consensuada por un gran número de especialistas en pteridología. Tras un año desde su aparición ha sido ampliamente aceptada por la comunidad científica. Esta nueva propuesta de clasificación presenta una serie de importantes cambios respecto a sistemas anteriores, entre ellos el empleado para la Flora Iberica I. Este trabajo plantea una actualización a la propuesta del PPG1 de la clasificación y nomenclatura de los taxones de licófitos y helechos de la flora ibérica. Palabras clave: PPG1; flora ibérica; helechos; licófitos; nomenclatura; clasificación. [en] Novelties for the iberian pteridoflora in the context of a new system for the seedless vascular plants Abstract. Recently, a new classification proposal for the seedless vascular plants, until the range of genus (PPG1), has come to light. This system considers both morphological characters and molecular phylogenies, and is based on consensus by a large number of specialists in pteridology. In its first year of life, it is being widely accepted by the scientific community. This taxonomic classification presents a series of novelties with respect to previous systems, including the one used for Flora Iberica. This work aims to be an update to the PPG1 proposal of the classification and nomenclature of the Iberian lycophytes and ferns. Key words: PPG1; Iberian flora; ferns; lycophytes; nomenclature; classification. Introducción confirmó que los licófitos representan un lina- je evolutivo distinto al conjunto de helechos y Hace más de 30 años que se publicó el primer espermatófitos (Pryer et al. 1995; Pryer et al. volumen de la Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et 2004), lo cual está conforme, también, con hi- al. 1986), en el que se trataron los pteridófi- pótesis basadas en el registro fósil (Bateman tos ibéricos siguiendo el sistema propuesto et al. 1988, Kenrick & Crane 1997). En este por Pichi Sermolli (1977). No pocos cambios sentido, se propuso en primer lugar el abando- han acaecido en la concepción sistemática de no formal del término “pteridófito” (si bien se las plantas vasculares sin semilla desde en- sigue empleando informalmente por su valor tonces. Una síntesis de los pteridófitos publi- intuitivo y didáctico), separando los “licófitos” cada poco después (Kramer & Green 1990) de los “helechos” o “monilófitos” (Smith et al. ya incluía ciertas modificaciones con respec- 2006), y que pasaron a englobar a plantas ante- to al sistema citado (por ejemplo, Aspleniá- riormente consideradas de otra manera, como ceas con un solo género Asplenium L.). Con Psilotales, Equisetales y Ophioglossales (Pryer todo, las novedades más relevantes vinieron et al. 2001; Rai & Graham 2010). Estas apre- de la mano de la extensión del uso de proce- ciaciones condujeron a una necesaria recon- dimientos moleculares al objeto de establecer sideración de los taxones de categoría supe- relaciones filogenéticas. Así, rápidamente se rior, proponiéndose un nuevo sistema para los 3 Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución (Unidad de Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid. E-mail: [email protected], ORCID 0003-2786-0062; [email protected], ORCID 0003-2396-4649; [email protected], ORCID 0002-9899-7245; [email protected], ORCID 0002-0234-6107 Bot. complut. 42, 2018: 69-81 69 70 Gabriel y Galán, J. M.; Molino, S.; De la Fuente, P. y Seral, A. Bot. complut. 42, 2018: 69-81 licófitos y helechos (Smith et al. 2006). Con taxonómicas y las adiciones a la FI posteriores respecto a los rangos de familia y menores, a la publicación de la misma, de plantas silves- el tiempo también ha derivado en un aumen- tres o naturalizadas (casi todas ellas están re- to notable de su conocimiento filogenético, lo cogidas en la página web de la FI: floraiberica. que ha llevado asociados cambios taxonómi- org 2017a, floraiberica.org 2017b). cos bastante significativos, sobre todo, y lógi- A modo de resumen, se recogen como Ane- camente, en familias grandes tales como As- xos 1 y 2 las equivalencias para los taxones pleniaceae, Athyriaceae, Blechnaceae, Dryop- presentes en nuestra pteridoflora, entre los teridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae y Thelyp- nombres bajo la FI y bajo el sistema del PPG1. teridaceae (Schneider et al. 2004a, Schuettpelz & En el Anexo 3 se incluye un esquema de la cla- Pryer 2007, Schuettpelz et al. 2007, Christenhusz sificación adaptada aquí hasta nivel de género. et al. 2011, Rothfels et al. 2012a, Gabriel y Galán et al. 2013, Schneider et al. 2013, Almeida et al. 2016, Gasper et al. 2016b, Liu et al. 2016, Zhang Resultados y discusión et al. 2016), por nombrar algunas de las que tie- nen representación ibérica. El sistema de clasificación que se adopta reco- En 2015 la comunidad pteridológica acordó ge un total de 2 clases, 11 órdenes, 23 familias que la acumulación de cambios taxonómicos y y 47 géneros. nomenclaturales era de una magnitud tal, que se hacía necesario recopilar una nueva síntesis Clase Lycopodiopsida Bartl. que aglutinara, en un único sistema revisado, 1. Orden Lycopodiales DC. ex Bercht. & J. Presl todos los resultados de los trabajos parciales 1.1. Fam. Lycopodiaceae P. Beauv. ex Mirb. sobre géneros, familias y taxones de categoría 1.1.1. Subfam. Lycopodielloideae W.H. superior que se habían publicado en la última Wagner & Beitel ex B. Øllg. década. Así, se creó un grupo de trabajo, Pteri- * Lycopodiella Holub dophyte Phylogeny Group (en adelante PPG), De las dos especies que se consideraron en del que surgió una nueva clasificación a finales FI, Lycopodiella queda ahora con una sola, L. del año 2016 (PPG 2016). inundata (L.) Holub, mientras que la otra se Este trabajo tiene por objeto la actualiza- traslada al género Palhinhaea Franco & Vasc. ción taxonómica y nomenclatural de los taxo- * Palhinhaea Franco & Vasc. nes incluidos en el volumen correspondiente El género Palhinhaea se separa de Lycopodiella de la Flora Iberica según la nueva clasificación por sus estróbilos péndulos, y por sus esporan- publicada por el PPG. gios que aparecen parcialmente encerrados en cavidades formadas por el córtex del estróbilo y las bases membranosas coalescentes de los Materiales y métodos esporófilos adyacentes (Øllgaard & Windisch 2014). La selección de los taxones que incluye este * Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Vasc. & Franco. trabajo se ha realizado mediante comparación = Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm. bibliográfica entre la Flora Iberica I (en ade- 1.1.2. Subfam. Lycopodioideae W.H. Wag- lante FI) (Castroviejo et al. 1986) y el sistema ner & Beitel ex B. Øllg. PPG 2016. Diphasiastrum Holub De manera sistematizada se incluyen todos * Lycopodium L. los taxones que componen la pteridoflora ibé- La FI considera que existen dos especies de rica, hasta el nivel de género. Se señala con Lycopodium en la Península Ibérica. Según la un asterisco (*) aquellas familias y taxones de PPG1 solo una de ellas, L. clavatum L., debe categoría inferior cuando se trata de noveda- ser incluida bajo Lycopodium pues la otra se des nomenclaturales o bien han cambiado de incluye en el género Spinulum A. Haines. circunscripción, excluyendo los híbridos. Se * Spinulum A. Haines acompañan comentarios pertinentes en dichos El género Spinulum se separa de Lycopodium casos. En aras de una simplificación del texto por la presencia de una espina diminuta en el no se señalan como novedades los taxones de ápice de las hojas y por los estróbilos sésiles categoría superior a la familia, ni tampoco las (Haines & Vining 2003). correspondientes a las subfamilias. También se * Spinulum annotinum (L.) A. Haines han señalado con asterisco (*) las novedades = Lycopodium annotinum L. Gabriel y Galán, J. M.; Molino, S.; De la Fuente, P. y Seral, A. Bot. complut. 42, 2018: 69-81 71 1.1.3. Subfam. Huperzioideae W.H. Wag- en el sistema seguido en FI. No obstante, un ner & Beitel ex B. Øllg. cambio notable entre ambos sistemas es ahora Huperzia Bernh. la consideración de que ambas familias se con- 2. Orden Isoetales Prantl sideran pertenecientes al mismo Orden Salvi- 2.1. Fam. Isoetaceae Dumort niales. Isoetes L. 9.1. Fam. Salviniaceae Martinov Con posterioridad a la publicación de la FI, Salvinia Ség. se han propuesto los siguientes nuevos taxones * 9.2. Fam. Marsileaceae Mirb. (floraiberica.org 2017b): Marsilea L. * Isoetes creussensis Lazare & S. Riba Pilularia L. * Isoetes fluitans M.I. Romero 10. Orden Cyatheales A.B. Frank 3. Orden Selaginellales Prantl 10.1. Fam. Culcitaceae Pic. Serm. 3.1. Fam. Selaginellaceae Willk. Culcita C. Presl Selaginella P. Beauv. 11. Orden Polypodiales Link 11A. Suborden Pteridineae J. Prado & Schuettp. Clase Polypodiopsida Cronquist * 11.1. Fam. Pteridaceae E.D.M. Kirchn. Subclase Equisetidae Warm. Las familias Adiantaceae Newman, Sinop- 4. Orden Equisetales DC. Ex Bertcht. & J. Presl teridaceae Koidz., Cryptogrammaceae Pic. 4.1. Fam. Equisetaceae Michx. ex DC. Serm. y Hemionitidaceae Pic. Serm., reconoci- Equisetum L. das como independientes en la FI, quedan englo- badas en el nuevo marco taxonómico dentro Subclase Ophioglossidae Klinge de un concepto moderno más amplio de Pte- 5. Orden Psilotales Prantl ridaceae (Prado et al. 2007, Schuettpelz et al. 5.1. Fam. Psilotaceae J.W. Griff. & Henfr. 2007). Algunas de ellas reciben ahora, no obs- Psilotum Sw. tante, un tratamiento formal de subfamilias. 6. Orden Ophioglossales Link 11.1.1. Subfam. Cryptogrammoideae S. * 6.1. Fam. Ophioglossaceae Martinov Lindsay En el sistema PPG1, la familia Botrychia- * Cryptogramma R. Br. ceae Horan. se incluye dentro de la familia Género transferido desde Cryptogram- Ophioglossaceae, como subfamilia indepen- maceae a Pteridaceae subfam.
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