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Benefactive Applicative Periphrases: a Typological Approach
This is the pre-final version of a paper published in Zuñiga, F. & S. Kittilä, Studies in Ditransitive Constructions, Benjamins, 2010, 29-69. Please don’t quote without checking the published version before. Benefactive applicative periphrases: a typological approach Denis CREISSELS University of Lyon Abstract After defining applicative periphrases as constructions in which a verb (the verb-operator) acts as a valency operator licensing the expression of an additional participant fulfilling a given semantic role in the event encoded by another verb (the lexical verb), this paper analyses applicative periphrases licensing beneficiaries. Three formal types are recognized with respect to the grammatical nature of the two verb forms involved in the periphrasis, and their distribution in the languages of the world is examined. Grammaticalization paths leading to benefactive applicative periphrases are discussed, as well as further evolutions of benefactive applicative periphrases. The last two sections are devoted to autobenefactive applicative periphrases and to the use of verbs other than ‘give’ as verb-operator in benefactive applicative periphrases. 1. Introduction The recognition and analysis of periphrastic constructions functionally equivalent to morphological derivations encoding operations on verbal valency has been a recurrent topic in the study of passive and causative constructions. By contrast, applicative periphrases are largely neglected in the general literature on valency changes, although such constructions have been described in many languages. This paper examines applicative periphrases licensing benefactives in a typological perspective. This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, after defining the notion of applicative periphrasis, I define benefactive applicative periphrases as a semantic subtype of applicative periphrases, and I examine their general properties. -
Novus Ortus: the Awakening of Laz Language in Turkey”
DOI: 10.7816/idil-04-16-08 idil, 2015, Cilt 4, Sayı 16, Volume 4, Issue 16 NOVUS ORTUS: THE AWAKENING OF LAZ LANGUAGE IN TURKEY Nurdan KAVAKLI 1 ABSTRACT Laz (South Caucasian) language, which is spoken primarily on the southeastern coast of the Black Sea in Turkey, is being threatened by language endangerment. Having no official status, Laz language is considered to be an ethnic minority language in Turkey. All Laz people residing in Turkey are bilingual with the official language in the country, Turkish, and use Laz most frequently in interfamilial conversations. In this article, Laz language is removed from the dusty pages of Turkish history as a response to the threat of language attrition in the world. Accordingly, language endangerment is viewed in terms of a sociolinguistic phenomenon within the boundaries of both language-internal and -external factors. Laz language revitalization acts have also been scrutinized. Having a dekko at the history of modern Turkey will enlighten whether those revitalization acts and/or movements can offer a novus ortus (new birth) for the current situation of Laz language. Keywords: Laz language, endangered languages, minority languages, language revitalization Kavaklı, Nurdan. "Novus Ortus: The Awakening of Laz Language in Turkey”. idil 4.16 (2015): 133-146. Kavaklı, N. (2015). Novus Ortus: The Awakening of Laz Language in Turkey. idil, 4 (16), s.133-146. 1 Arş.Gör., Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, İngilizce Öğretmenliği Bölümü, Ankara, nurdankavakli(at)gmail.com 133 www.idildergisi.com Kavaklı, Nurdan. "Novus Ortus: The Awakening of Laz Language in Turkey". idil 4.16 (2015): 133-146. -
Building a Morphological Analyser for Laz
Building a Morphological Analyser for Laz Esra Önal Francis M. Tyers Cognitive Science, Department of Linguistics Boğaziçi University Indiana University Istanbul, Turkey Bloomington, United States [email protected] [email protected] Abstract writing system for Laz based on Latin alphabet and later ‘Lazuri Alboni’ (Laz Alphabet) and only after This study is an attempt to contribute to 1990s, the written texts started to come out as sev- documentation and revitalization efforts of eral associations were founded for the preservation endangered Laz language, a member of of Laz language and culture. Now with all these South Caucasian language family mainly efforts, Laz has been thought in public schools in spoken on northeastern coastline of Turkey. Turkey as an elective language course since 2013 It constitutes the first steps to create a gen- (Kavaklı, 2015; Haznedar, 2018). eral computational model for word form There is not much research on lexicon and syntax recognition and production for Laz by of Laz and the first academic level research studies building a rule-based morphological anal- began by the end of 20th century. In 1999, the first yser using Helsinki Finite-State Toolkit dictionary for Laz (Turkish—Laz) was prepared (HFST). The evaluation results show that and published by İsmail Bucaklişi and Hasan Uzun- the analyser has a 64.9% coverage over a hasanoğlu. The following years, Bucaklişi also pub- corpus collected for this study with 111,365 lished the first Laz grammar book (Kavaklı, 2015) tokens. We have also performed an error and has begun teaching Laz at Boğaziçi University analysis on randomly selected 100 tokens in İstanbul as an elective course since 2011. -
Abkhaz Loans in Megrelian *
ABKHAZ LOANS IN MEGRELIAN * VYACHESLAV A. CHIRIKBA Leiden University Abstract The paper presents a thorough investigation of the Abkhaz borrowings in Megre- lian, including structural loans, grammatical elements, adjectives, adverbs, numer- als, and appellativa (anatomical and medical terms, household items, terms related to husbandry and pasture, floristic and zoological names, religious terms, landscape, food, etc.). The author examines also the cases of the Abkhaz influence on Megrelian onomasticon. In Memory of the Great Caucasologist Professor Georgij Andreevič Klimov 1. INTRODUCTION Megrelians, the representatives of the western branch of the Kart- velian-speaking peoples,1 have for many centuries lived in the condi- tions of close cultural, economic and political ties with the Abkhaz- ians, the neighbouring people speaking an unrelated West Caucasian language.2 In different historical periods Abkhazia and Megrelia to- gether were parts of a number of state entities: from the semi-legen- dary Kolkhian kingdom (whose reality is, however, seriously doubted by many historians) to the historically attested kingdom of Lazica, later—the Abkhazian kingdom (8-10 c. A.D.), and thereafter— the united Georgian kingdom until its disintegration in the 14th cen- tury. In the beginning of the 19th century the Megrelian (in 1803) * I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. B. G. Hewitt for his valu- able suggestions on the text of this paper and for correcting my English. Many thanks also to Boris Džonua for reading the manuscript and for his usefull com- ments. 1 Kartvelian linguistic family comprises four languages: Georgian, Svan, Megre- lian, and Laz (only the latter two are mutually intelligible). -
Multiple Voices Towards Discursive Construction of Lazi Identity
Linköping University Department of Culture and Communication Master’s Program Language and Culture in Europe Cultural Identity as a Discursive Product: Multiple Voices Towards Discursive Construction of Lazi Identity Nazlı AVDAN Language and Culture in Europe Spring 2011 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jan ANWARD ABSTRACT Ethno-linguistic diversities and the rights to enjoy and maintain indigenous languages and identities has been a central issue in the socio-political agenda of Turkey since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey. The Lazi have taken their part in the discussions concerning minority rights through the discourses of a group of Lazi activists since the early 1990s. This study aims to examine the discursive construction of Lazi identity with close attention to its various actors and the context in which the process is carried out. To this end, selected texts by the social actors who are involved in the Lazi identity building process are studied in terms of various functions of language contributing to the communicative production of discourses. The content of written and oral commentaries by various social actors who are influential in the Lazi identity building process is studied using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The study concludes that the construction of Lazi identity is an on-going process which is developed by influential social actors. The discourses of Lazi activists display a dilemma between the commitment to establish or re-establish a distinct Lazi identity with emphasis on a distinct language and culture rooted in ancient history and a determination to remain a component of the Republic of Turkey. Keywords: cultural memory, identity building, heteroglosia, responsive reactions, discourse analysis, othering. -
Unity and Diversity in Grammaticalization Scenarios
Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios Edited by Walter Bisang Andrej Malchukov language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 16 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Chief Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. ISSN: 2363-5568 Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios Edited by Walter Bisang Andrej Malchukov language science press Walter Bisang & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). 2017. Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios (Studies in Diversity Linguistics -
Grammatical Gender and Linguistic Complexity
Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity Volume I: General issues and specific studies Edited by Francesca Di Garbo Bruno Olsson Bernhard Wälchli language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 26 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J. (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. 17. Stenzel, Kristine & Bruna Franchetto (eds.). On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia. 18. Paggio, Patrizia and Albert Gatt (eds.). The languages of Malta. 19. Seržant, Ilja A. & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich (eds.). Diachrony of differential argument marking. 20. Hölzl, Andreas. A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological perspective. 21. Riesberg, Sonja, Asako Shiohara & Atsuko Utsumi (eds.). Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages. -
Polish As a Foreign Language at Elementary Level of Instruction … 29
Danuta Gabrys-Barker – Polish as a foreign language at elementary level of instruction … 29 Polish as a foreign language at elementary level of instruction: crosslinguistic influences in writing Danuta Gabrys-Barker [email protected] University of Silesia, Institute of English (Poland) ABSTRACT. Being a minority European language, Polish has not attracted the attention of second language research (SLA) very much. Most studies in the area focus on English and other major languages describing variables and process observed in learners’ interlanguage development. This article looks at the language performance of elementary learners of Polish as a foreign language with a view to diagnosing areas of difficulty at the initial stages of language instruction. It is a case study of five learners’ written production after a year of intensive language instruction in the controlled conditions of a classroom. The objective of the study presented here is: 1. to determine the types of error produced in a short translation task at different levels of language (morphosyntactic, lexical) 2. to observe manifestations of crosslinguistic influences between languages the subjects know (interlingual transfer) as well as those related to the language learnt itself (intralingual transfer). The small sample of texts produced does not allow for any generalized observations and conclusions, however, at the level of elementary competence in any foreign language, as other research shows, the amount of individual variation is not the most significant factor. Thus the incorrect forms produced may testify to some more universally error-prone areas of language. The value of this kind of analysis lies in this direct application to the teaching of Polish as a synthetic language. -
Elementary Polish Grammar
N §<0 Ssymank, Paul so Elementary Polish grammar I CO LaP.Gr S7745er I Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer for the study of modern languages Ssymank Elementary olish Grammar Julius Groos, Heidelberg presented to £be Xibrar? of tbe Xflniversitip of Toronto bs Professor B.jsj. Shore METHOD GASPEY-OTTO-SAUER. ELEMENTARY OLISH GRAMMAR BY PROFESSOR PAUL SSYMANK, PH. D. ^ LONDON. DAVID NUTT (A. G. Berry), 212 Shaftesbury Avenue, W. C. 2. DULAU & CO., 34—36 Margaret 8treet, Cavendish Square W 1. NEW YORK: BRENTANO'S, Fifth Avenue and 27th Street. '^E INTERNATIONAL NEWS COMPANY, 83 and 85 Duane Street G. E. STECHERT A CO., 151—155 West 25th Street. E. STEIGER & CO., 49 Murray Street. BOSTON: G. REUSCHEL, 110 Tremont Street. n 8CHOENHOF BOOK COMPANY, 128 Tremont Street. J HEIDELBERG. JULIUS QROOS. 1921. The Gaspey-Otto-Sauer Method has become my sole property by right of purchase. These books are continually revised. All rights, especially those of adaptation and translation into any language, are reserved. Imitations and fraudulent impressions are forbidden by law. Suitable communications always thankfully received. Heidelberg. Julius Groos. < Ill PREFACE. Encouraged by the success of the Polish Grammar of Wladislas Paulus, of which, in 1914, I published a cor." edition in the German language, I have fulfilled me wishes of the publisher Julius Groos, who requested me to write an English edition of the book. The chief part of it was finished during the European War, in 1917, in a small village near the German front of Verdun, but the work could not be printed before the year 1920. -
153 Natasha Abner (University of Michigan)
Natasha Abner (University of Michigan) LSA40 Carlo Geraci (Ecole Normale Supérieure) Justine Mertz (University of Paris 7, Denis Diderot) Jessica Lettieri (Università degli studi di Torino) Shi Yu (Ecole Normale Supérieure) A handy approach to sign language relatedness We use coded phonetic features and quantitative methods to probe potential historical relationships among 24 sign languages. Lisa Abney (Northwestern State University of Louisiana) ANS16 Naming practices in alcohol and drug recovery centers, adult daycares, and nursing homes/retirement facilities: A continuation of research The construction of drug and alcohol treatment centers, adult daycare centers, and retirement facilities has increased dramatically in the United States in the last thirty years. In this research, eleven categories of names for drug/alcohol treatment facilities have been identified while eight categories have been identified for adult daycare centers. Ten categories have become apparent for nursing homes and assisted living facilities. These naming choices function as euphemisms in many cases, and in others, names reference morphemes which are perceived to reference a higher social class than competitor names. Rafael Abramovitz (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) P8 Itai Bassi (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Relativized Anaphor Agreement Effect The Anaphor Agreement Effect (AAE) is a generalization that anaphors do not trigger phi-agreement covarying with their binders (Rizzi 1990 et. seq.) Based on evidence from Koryak (Chukotko-Kamchan) anaphors, we argue that the AAE should be weakened and be stated as a generalization about person agreement only. We propose a theory of the weakened AAE, which combines a modification of Preminger (2019)'s AnaphP-encapsulation proposal as well as converging evidence from work on the internal syntax of pronouns (Harbour 2016, van Urk 2018). -
Polish Vocabulary Picture Book (With Audio by a Native Speaker!) Pdf, Epub, Ebook
AT HOME/W DOMU : POLISH VOCABULARY PICTURE BOOK (WITH AUDIO BY A NATIVE SPEAKER!) PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Victor Dias de Oliveira Santos | 44 pages | 15 Mar 2020 | Linguacious | 9781952451027 | English | none At Home/W Domu : Polish Vocabulary Picture Book (with Audio by a Native Speaker!) PDF Book The app teaches you the language through mass exposure to thousands of Polish sentences—your task is to fill in the gaps with the right words. Firstly, if you ignore phonetics—the sounds, pronunciation, and intonation of a language— you will ultimately have a very hard time communicating with anyone in the language. Perfect for those who need to hear all the default sounds of all the letters in isolation. Polish noun cases at Wikibooks —a page from the Polish Wikibooks course attempting at explaining the contexts in which each grammatical case should be used. The early catastrophe. The monolingual children were speakers of Polish or English, while the bilinguals and trilinguals were migrant children living in the United Kingdom, speaking English as a majority language and Polish as a home language. Item of great value. Bookmark our free Arabic lessons section. One of my German teachers used to joke that it takes you a year to say, "I'm traveling on the bus," but once you're on that bus, it's plain sailing. Jill and the As learners, if we only rely on texts as they are written, we have no way to recording any of these extra details. Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar —definitely one of the best reference guides to Polish grammar available on the market. -
A Grammar Checker for Challenging Cases
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2021 PLPrepare: A Grammar Checker for Challenging Cases Jacob Hoyos East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Computational Linguistics Commons, Computer Sciences Commons, Morphology Commons, and the Slavic Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Hoyos, Jacob, "PLPrepare: A Grammar Checker for Challenging Cases" (2021). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3898. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3898 This Dissertation - unrestricted is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PLPrepare: A Grammar Checker for Challenging Cases ________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Computing East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Computer Science, Applied Computer Science ______________________ by Jacob Hoyos May 2021 _____________________ Dr. Ghaith Husari, Chair Dr. Brian Bennett Dr. Christopher Wallace Keywords: natural language processing, dependency parsing, foreign language education, arbitrary cases, rule-based morphology detection, hybrid grammar checking ABSTRACT PLPrepare: A Grammar Checker for Challenging Cases by Jacob Hoyos This study investigates one of the Polish language’s most arbitrary cases: the genitive masculine inanimate singular. It collects and ranks several guidelines to help language learners discern its proper usage and also introduces a framework to provide detailed feedback regarding arbitrary cases.