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CRITICAL THEORY and AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism
CDSMS EDITED BY JEREMIAH MORELOCK CRITICAL THEORY AND AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism edited by Jeremiah Morelock Critical, Digital and Social Media Studies Series Editor: Christian Fuchs The peer-reviewed book series edited by Christian Fuchs publishes books that critically study the role of the internet and digital and social media in society. Titles analyse how power structures, digital capitalism, ideology and social struggles shape and are shaped by digital and social media. They use and develop critical theory discussing the political relevance and implications of studied topics. The series is a theoretical forum for in- ternet and social media research for books using methods and theories that challenge digital positivism; it also seeks to explore digital media ethics grounded in critical social theories and philosophy. Editorial Board Thomas Allmer, Mark Andrejevic, Miriyam Aouragh, Charles Brown, Eran Fisher, Peter Goodwin, Jonathan Hardy, Kylie Jarrett, Anastasia Kavada, Maria Michalis, Stefania Milan, Vincent Mosco, Jack Qiu, Jernej Amon Prodnik, Marisol Sandoval, Se- bastian Sevignani, Pieter Verdegem Published Critical Theory of Communication: New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet Christian Fuchs https://doi.org/10.16997/book1 Knowledge in the Age of Digital Capitalism: An Introduction to Cognitive Materialism Mariano Zukerfeld https://doi.org/10.16997/book3 Politicizing Digital Space: Theory, the Internet, and Renewing Democracy Trevor Garrison Smith https://doi.org/10.16997/book5 Capital, State, Empire: The New American Way of Digital Warfare Scott Timcke https://doi.org/10.16997/book6 The Spectacle 2.0: Reading Debord in the Context of Digital Capitalism Edited by Marco Briziarelli and Emiliana Armano https://doi.org/10.16997/book11 The Big Data Agenda: Data Ethics and Critical Data Studies Annika Richterich https://doi.org/10.16997/book14 Social Capital Online: Alienation and Accumulation Kane X. -
"Prisoners of the Caucasus: Literary Myths and Media Representations of the Chechen Conflict" by H
University of California, Berkeley Prisoners of the Caucasus: Literary Myths and Media Representations of the Chechen Conflict Harsha Ram Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Working Paper Series This PDF document preserves the page numbering of the printed version for accuracy of citation. When viewed with Acrobat Reader, the printed page numbers will not correspond with the electronic numbering. The Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies (BPS) is a leading center for graduate training on the Soviet Union and its successor states in the United States. Founded in 1983 as part of a nationwide effort to reinvigorate the field, BPSs mission has been to train a new cohort of scholars and professionals in both cross-disciplinary social science methodology and theory as well as the history, languages, and cultures of the former Soviet Union; to carry out an innovative program of scholarly research and publication on the Soviet Union and its successor states; and to undertake an active public outreach program for the local community, other national and international academic centers, and the U.S. and other governments. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 260 Stephens Hall #2304 Berkeley, California 94720-2304 Tel: (510) 643-6737 [email protected] http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~bsp/ Prisoners of the Caucasus: Literary Myths and Media Representations of the Chechen Conflict Harsha Ram Summer 1999 Harsha Ram is an assistant professor in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures at UC Berkeley Edited by Anna Wertz BPS gratefully acknowledges support from the National Security Education Program for providing funding for the publication of this Working Paper . -
Cultural Theorizing Has Dramatically Increased
Cultural CHAPTER 9 Theorizing Another Embarassing Confession Like the concept of social structure, the conceptualization of culture in sociology is rather vague, despite a great deal of attention by sociologists to the properties and dynamics of cul- ture. There has always been the recognition that culture is attached to social structures, and vice versa, with the result that sociologists often speak in terms of sociocultural formations or sociocultural systems and structures. This merging of structure and culture rarely clarifies but, instead, further conflates a precise definition of culture. And so, sociology’s big idea— culture—is much like the notion of social structure. Its conceptualization is somewhat meta- phorical, often rather imprecise, and yet highly evocative. There is no consensus in defini- tions of culture beyond the general idea that humans create symbol systems, built from our linguistic capacities, which are used to regulate conduct. And even this definition would be challenged by some. Since the 1980s and accelerating with each decade, the amount of cultural theorizing has dramatically increased. Mid-twentieth-century functional theory had emphasized the importance of culture but not in a context-specific or robust manner; rather, functional- ism viewed culture as a mechanism by which actions are controlled and regulated,1 whereas much of the modern revival of culture has viewed culture in a much more robust and inclusive manner. When conflict theory finally pushed functionalism from center stage, it also tended to bring forth a more Marxian view of culture as a “superstructure” generated by economic substructures. Culture became the sidekick, much like Tonto for the Lone Ranger, to social structure, with the result that its autonomy and force indepen- dent of social structures were not emphasized and, in some cases, not even recognized. -
Investigation Discovery's April 2014 Programming Highlights
INVESTIGATION DISCOVERY’S APRIL 2014 HIGHLIGHTS ** Denotes programs with artwork available on Investigation Discovery’s Press Website All Times ET // All airdates are subject to change INVESTIGATION DISCOVERY PRESS CONTACTS: Donna Nasserghodsi Charlotte Bigford [email protected] [email protected] 240-662-3124 240-662-3125 SPECIALS RESTLESS SOULS TV-14(LSV) One-Hour Special Premieres Monday, April 14 at 9/8c RESTLESS SOULS examines the 2004 murder mystery of Ashley Howley and how a complete stranger, psychic medium Kristy Robinett, volunteered her services to help solve the case and bring closure to Howley’s family. Interviews with Robinett, law enforcement, and loved ones including Howley’s cousin and the family spokesperson Kerry Combs, illustrate the three-year police investigation alongside Robinett’s independent search for answers using the victim’s own ghostly clues as her guide. PREMIERES KARMA’S A B*TCH! ** TV-14(L) Season 2 Premieres Thursday, April 17 Returning with outrageously creative and comical ways to get mad and get even, Sopranos’ star Steve Schirripa serves up another round of ruthless revenge schemes on KARMA’S A B*TCH! From disgruntled employees turning on their horrible bosses to underdogs publically shaming their mean-girl bullies and scorned lovers fighting for their fairytale ending after Prince Charming charmed the pants off someone else, each episode highlights hilarious ways to appropriately – or not so appropriately – settle the score. Ranging from covert operations to public shaming or viral vengeance, each half hour episode features two revenge stories that prove “what goes around, comes around.” TBD Premieres Thursday, April 17 at 10/9c Determined to get even with a corrupt moving company, a woman goes undercover for the FBI. -
Conflicts Among Civilizations: the Nfluei Nce Behind War and Art Ross Pickett Roger Williams University
Reason and Respect Volume 4 Article 8 Issue 1 Spring 2008 4-1-2008 Conflicts among Civilizations: The nflueI nce behind War and Art Ross Pickett Roger Williams University Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.rwu.edu/rr Recommended Citation Pickett, Ross (2008) "Conflicts among Civilizations: The nflueI nce behind War and Art," Reason and Respect: Vol. 4: Iss. 1, Article 8. Available at: http://docs.rwu.edu/rr/vol4/iss1/8 Copyright ©4-1-2008 by the authors Reason and Respect is produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress). For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pickett: Conflicts among Civilizations: The Influence behind War and Art Conflicts among Civilizations: The Influence behind War and Art Ross Pickett, Marketing ‘09 The idea that conflicts among civilizations result from a cultural difference rather than an economic or political standpoint is a courageous one. These conflicts are too deeply rooted and complex to analyze in one single concept. Using only this central point, this theory attempts to define the reason behind all civilization, conflicts, and why culture exists. Is not money or economic value an underlying factor in wars throughout time? Political events have an incredibly important impact on the inhabitants of a civilization. Do these events not have influence on people, and in turn affect the ideas and beliefs of a nation? Is the rivalry between two peoples really caused by its cultural differences; or the thrill of competition, conquering, and becoming the most powerful? These questions come to mind when trying to validate the theory that conflict results from a cultural difference. -
Review of the Swedish Development Cooperation Within the Breakaway Region of Abkhazia, Georgia, 2011-2013 Final Report
2013:19 Sida Decentralised Evaluation Vera Devine Susanna Dellas Jessica Rothman Ian Christoplos Review of the Swedish Development Cooperation within the Breakaway Region of Abkhazia, Georgia, 2011-2013 Final Report Review of the Swedish Development Cooperation within the Breakaway Region of Abkhazia, Georgia, 2011-2013 Final Report May 2013 Vera Devine Susanna Dellans with Jessica Rothman and Ian Christoplos Sida Decentralised Evaluation 2013:19 Sida Authors: Vera Devine and Susanna Dellans, with Jessica Rothman and Ian Christoplos The views and interpretations expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. Sida Decentralised Evaluation 2013:18 Commissioned by The Embassy of Sweden in Georgia Copyright: Sida and the authors Date of final report: May 2013 Published by Citat 2013 Art. no. Sida61608en urn:nbn:se:sida-61608en This publication can be downloaded from: http://www.sida.se/publications SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY Address: S-105 25 Stockholm, Sweden. Office: Valhallavägen 199, Stockholm Telephone: +46 (0)8-698 50 00. Telefax: +46 (0)8-20 88 64 Postgiro: 1 56 34–9. VAT. No. SE 202100-478901 E-mail: [email protected]. Homepage: http://www.sida.se Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................. 3 Preface ..................................................................................................................................... -
Recasting Russia
georgi derluguian RECASTING RUSSIA midst the clouds of apocalyptic farrago surrounding the attacks of September 11, the most significant immediate Achange in world politics has been largely obscured. The American bombardment of Afghanistan has relocated Russia within the international geopolitical order. Putin’s accession to power on the last day of 1999 was welcomed by Western capitals from the start. Blair sped to embrace him on Clinton’s behalf before he had even been installed by the manipulated popular vote of spring 2000, while relations between Moscow and its creditors in Berlin and Washington were held on an even keel throughout. But the operation that secured Putin’s domestic victory at the polls—the unleashing of a murderous second war in Chechnya—remained something of a foreign embarrass- ment. Although Clinton could freely hail the ‘liberation of Grozny’, for European sensibilities—at any rate on the continent—the mass killings and torture of Chechens was a troubling spectacle. Germany did its best to smooth over such misgivings, pentito Foreign Minister Fischer acting in the best traditions of the Wilhelmstrasse during the Armenian massacres. But public opinion—even occasionally the European Parliament—remained uneasy. Republican victory in the Presidential elections of 2000 promised fur- ther difficulties. Where Clinton and Gore had been intimately connected to Yeltsin and protective of his successor, Bush’s programme was critical of American complicity with the kleptocracy in Russia, and dismissive of the need to save Moscow’s face, pressing ahead regardless with the new version of Star Wars on which Washington had already embarked. Between European humanitarian hand-wringing and American real- politiker cold-shouldering, Russia under its former KGB operative was little more than an uncomfortable guest at the banquets of the G7. -
'Populism': Armenia's “Velvet Revolution”
The Armenian Studies Program and the Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies present the 42nd Educator Outreach Conference Authoritarianism, Democratization, and ‘Populism’: Armenia’s “Velvet Revolution” in Perspective Saturday, May 1, 2021 Livestream on YouTube University of California, Berkeley From end March to early May 2018, a series of peaceful protests and demonstration led to the resignation of Prime Minister (PM) Serzh Sargsyan, whom the then ruling Republican Party he chaired had newly nominated for that office. Having completed his two terms as President, from 2008 to 2018, Serzh Sargsyan’s attempt to remain in power became obvious. This attempt also made it evident that the amended 2015 Constitution, which he had promoted to invigorate democratization by shifting power from the office of the President to the Parliament and the office of the Prime Minister, was merely a ploy to extend his rule. It was also the proverbial “last straw that broke the camel’s back.” A kleptocratic, semi-authoritarian regime that appeared to control all the levers of power and of the economy suddenly, and unexpectedly, collapsed. This regime change—which the leader of the protests and incoming new prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, referred to as a “Velvet Revolution”—was peaceful, something unusual for a post-Soviet republic. Subsequent parliamentary elections brought to power a new generation, younger deputies mostly between the ages of twenty-five to forty. A similar generation change also characterized the formation of the government. Youth, however, also means inexperience as almost none of the new deputies and ministers had held any political position in the past. -
“Why It Is Difficult to Be a Chechen”
“Why It Is Difficult To Be A Chechen” Dr. Georgi M. Derluguian Assistant Professor of Sociology, Northwestern University Russia and Eurasia Program Center for Strategic and International Studies Caucasus Initiative Monday, December 9, 2002 Seminar Summary In his remarks, Georgi Derluguian set out to explain what macro- and micro-sociological mechanisms have led to the tragic situation in which the Chechen people find themselves today. One of the main factors suggested was the negative impact of romanticized and often ignorant stereotypes placed upon the region largely by outsiders. Since these stereotypes continue to inform the analyses of the Chechen war, they become a major obstacle to formulating political alternatives. As an example, Derluguian cited a definition of “Chechens” from a recently published American encyclopedia describing them as a small, fiercely Muslim, mountainous people from the Caucasus, most remarkable for their hatred of Russians. This definition, Derluguian argued, is a pile of false clichés. Derluguian argued that stereotypes such as this adversely impact a population because they inform the way people behave, including the Chechens themselves—how they view themselves, what they see as acceptable, and what they see as desirable. A peaceful resolution to the conflict of Chechnya would involve teaching history—a responsibility that is largely neglected and left to nationalists. Derluguian traced the origins of the Russian–Chechen conflict to the Russian conquest of the north Caucasus in the late eighteenth century. Unlike other peoples of the region, the Chechens historically had no aristocratic class willing to cooperate with the Russian empire in return for privilege. The Chechens, rather, were a largely self-sufficient population (independent small- holding farmers), well armed with locally manufactured and thus cheap but deadly effective rifles. -
96 25 June 2017
No. 96 25 June 2017 Abkhazia South Ossetia caucasus Adjara analytical digest Nagorno- Karabakh www.laender-analysen.de/cad www.css.ethz.ch/en/publications/cad.html TRANSBORDER TRADE Special Editors: Philippe Rudaz and Susanne Fehlings ■■The Chinese Connection—Informal Trade Relations between the Caucasus and China Since the Early 1990s 2 By Susanne Fehlings (Goethe University Frankfurt) ■■Moscow Azerbaijani-Juhuro “Oligarchs” and the Eurasian Trade Networks 5 By Chen Bram (Truman Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem) ■■Suddenly a Border: Hazelnut Trade across the De Facto Border between Abkhazia and the Zugdidi Municipal Region of Georgia 9 By Ketevan Khutsishvili (Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University) Research Centre Center Caucasus Research German Association for for East European Studies for Security Studies Resource Centers East European Studies University of Bremen ETH Zurich CAUCASUS ANALYTICAL DIGEST No. 96, 25 June 2017 2 The Chinese Connection—Informal Trade Relations between the Caucasus and China Since the Early 1990s By Susanne Fehlings (Goethe University Frankfurt) Abstract This article surveys informal trade between the Caucasus and China since the early 1990s. Starting with the initial commercial activities of singular entrepreneurs from the Caucasus—here taken to refer to Arme- nia and Georgia—who began travelling to China for purposes of trade immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, I move to current business relations between Caucasian businessmen and women and their Chinese partners and to the growing influence of Chinese entrepreneurs who come to the Caucasus for trade. Introduction ing large-scale companies, and individual entrepreneurs This article offers a survey of informal transnational and local traders, similarly adapt to local business envi- trade between the Caucasus—specifically Armenia and ronments and political frameworks. -
I. Tv Stations
Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, DC 20554 In the Matter of ) ) MB Docket No. 17- WSBS Licensing, Inc. ) ) ) CSR No. For Modification of the Television Market ) For WSBS-TV, Key West, Florida ) Facility ID No. 72053 To: Office of the Secretary Attn.: Chief, Policy Division, Media Bureau PETITION FOR SPECIAL RELIEF WSBS LICENSING, INC. SPANISH BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC. Nancy A. Ory Paul A. Cicelski Laura M. Berman Lerman Senter PLLC 2001 L Street NW, Suite 400 Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (202) 429-8970 April 19, 2017 Their Attorneys -ii- SUMMARY In this Petition, WSBS Licensing, Inc. and its parent company Spanish Broadcasting System, Inc. (“SBS”) seek modification of the television market of WSBS-TV, Key West, Florida (the “Station”), to reinstate 41 communities (the “Communities”) located in the Miami- Ft. Lauderdale Designated Market Area (the “Miami-Ft. Lauderdale DMA” or the “DMA”) that were previously deleted from the Station’s television market by virtue of a series of market modification decisions released in 1996 and 1997. SBS seeks recognition that the Communities located in Miami-Dade and Broward Counties form an integral part of WSBS-TV’s natural market. The elimination of the Communities prior to SBS’s ownership of the Station cannot diminish WSBS-TV’s longstanding service to the Communities, to which WSBS-TV provides significant locally-produced news and public affairs programming targeted to residents of the Communities, and where the Station has developed many substantial advertising relationships with local businesses throughout the Communities within the Miami-Ft. Lauderdale DMA. Cable operators have obviously long recognized that a clear nexus exists between the Communities and WSBS-TV’s programming because they have been voluntarily carrying WSBS-TV continuously for at least a decade and continue to carry the Station today. -
THE GEOGRAPHY of ETHNIC VIOLENCE This Page Intentionally Left Blank the GEOGRAPHY of ETHNIC VIOLENCE
THE GEOGRAPHY OF ETHNIC VIOLENCE This page intentionally left blank THE GEOGRAPHY OF ETHNIC VIOLENCE IDENTITY, INTERESTS, AND THE INDIVISIBILITY OF TERRITORY Monica Duffy Toft PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright ᭧ 2003 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY All Rights Reserved ISBN: 0-691-11354-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Toft, Monica Duffy, 1965– The geography of ethnic violence: identity, interests, and the indivisibility of territory / Monica Duffy Toft. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-691-11354-8 (alk. paper) 1. Political violence. 2. Partition, Territorial. 3. Nationalism. 4. Human geography. 5. Ethnic conflict—Former Soviet republics—Case studies. 6. Former Soviet republics—Ethnic relations—Case studies. I. Title. JC328.6 .T64 2003 303.6—dc21 2002042463 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Galliard. Printed on acid-free paper. ϱ www.pupress.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 10987654321 To Ivan This page intentionally left blank Contents Illustrations ix Preface xi 1. The Forgotten Meaning of Territory 1 2. Indivisible Territory and Ethnic War 17 3. Territory and Violence: A Statistical Assessment 34 4. Russia and Tatarstan 45 5. Russia and Chechnya 64 6. Georgia and Abkhazia 87 7. Georgia and Ajaria 107 8. Conclusion 127 Appendix Tables 149 Notes 167 References 203 Index 219 This page intentionally left blank Illustrations Tables 2.1. Ethnic Groups and the Demand for Sovereignty 26 2.2.