Hillsdale College Freedom Library Catalog
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Socialism in the Twentieth Century: a Historical Reflection
THE GLOBALIZATION & GOVERNANCE PROJECT, HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY WORKING PAPER SERIES Socialism in the Twentieth Century: a historical reflection Ⅰ-11 Donald Sassoon, University of London * Paper for the Symposium, East Asia-Europe-USA Progressive Scholars’ Forum 2003 , 11-15 October, 2003. * None of these papers should be cited without the author’s permission. East Asia-Europe- USA Progressive Scholars’ Forum, 2003 Socialism in the Twentieth Century: a historical reflection Donald Sassoon Queen Mary, University of London 1. Introduction Those who venture to discuss the meaning of socialism confront two distinct but not incompatible strategies: the essentialist and the historical. The essentialist strategy proceeds in conventional Weberian fashion. Socialism is an ideal-type, empirically deduced from the activities or ideas of those commonly regarded as socialists. Once the concept is constructed, it can be used historically to assess concrete political organisations, their activists and thinkers and measure the extent to which they fit the ideal type, why and when they diverge from each other, and account for exceptional behaviour. This procedure, of great heuristic value, is still broadly accepted and widely used, even though its theoretical rigour is highly dubious as the analysis rests on a somewhat arbitrary selection of the ‘socialist’ organisations and individuals used to produce the ideal-type concept of socialism. This procedure has the added disadvantage that, if strictly adhered to, it does not allow for historical change. Once the ideal-type is defined, novel elements cannot easily be integrated into it. However, life must go on, even in sociology. So when something new turns up, such as a revisionist interpretation, all that is required is to hoist the ideal-type onto the operating table, remove -if necessary- the bits which no longer fit, and insert the new ones. -
Allen Lane Particular Books Pelican Books Penguin Classics Penguin Modern Classics Penguin Paperbacks 3 31 41 49 55 75
CONTENTS Allen Lane 3 Particular Books 31 Pelican Books 41 Penguin Classics 49 Penguin Modern Classics 55 Penguin Paperbacks 75 Penguin Press 80 Strand London 1 1 2 3 3 3 The Secret World Money and Government A History of Intelligence Unsettled Issues in Macroeconomics Christopher Andrew Robert Skidelsky A stupendous history of intelligence, its uses and its neglect A major challenge to economic orthodoxy, by one of - by the world's leading historian of intelligence Britain's leading historians and economists The history of espionage is far older than any of today's The dominant view in economics is that money and intelligence agencies, yet the long history of intelligence government should play only a minor role in economic life. operations has been largely forgotten. The first mention of Money, it is claimed, is nothing more than a medium of espionage in world literature is in the Book of Exodus.'God exchange; and economic outcomes are best left to the sent out spies into the land of Canaan'. From there, 'invisible hand' of the market. The view taken in this important Christopher Andrew traces the shift in the ancient world from new book is that the omnipresence of uncertainty make money divination to what we would recognize as attempts to gather and government essential features of any market economy. real intelligence in the conduct of military operations, and One reason we need money is because we don't know what considers how far ahead of the West - at that time - China and the future will bring. Government - good government - makes India were. -
Chapter 4 Freedom and Progress
Chapter 4 Freedom and Progress The best road to progress is freedom’s road. John F. Kennedy The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impeded their efforts to obtain it. John Stuart Mill To cull the inestimable benefits assured by freedom of the press, it is necessary to put up with the inevitable evils springing therefrom. Alexis de Tocqueville Freedom is necessary to generate progress; people also value freedom as an important component of progress. This chapter will contend that both propositions are correct. Without liberty, there will be little or no progress; most people will consider an expansion in freedom as progress. Neither proposition would win universal acceptance. Some would argue that a totalitarian state can marshal the resources to generate economic growth. Many will contend that too much liberty induces libertine behavior and is destructive of society, peace, and the family. For better or worse, the record shows that freedom has increased throughout the world over the last few centuries and especially over the last few decades. There are of course many examples of non-free, totalitarian, ruthless government on the globe, but their number has decreased and now represents a smaller proportion of the world’s population. Perhaps this growth of freedom is partially responsible for the breakdown of the family and the rise in crime, described in the previous chapter. Dictators do tolerate less crime and are often very repressive of deviant sexual behavior, but, as the previous chapter reported, divorce and illegitimacy are more connected with improved income of women than with a permissive society. -
Review of Murray N. Rothbard's an Austrian
Reason Papers 97 Murray N. Rothbard, An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, Vol. i & ii (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publ., Ltd., 1995), pp.576 & 544; Index; $99.95 each. Parth Shah, University of Michigan, Dearborn I have always enjoyed Professor Rothbard's talks at various Austrian conferences and seminars, especially the ones on the history of economic thought. That subject itself, I think, brought out all the qualities that made Professor Rothbard such a loving and towering figure in Austrian and libertarian circles; his incredible breadth of knowledge, diligent scholarship, disarming sense of humor, perspective coalescing of personal with social and intellectual history, genuine respect for a worthy adversary, and yes, his unwavering dedication to praxeology and liberty. Professor Rothbard's two volumes on the history of thought more than meet the expectations; they encapsulate all those unique qualities of his. It makes it all the more unfortunate that the volumes cover the period only up to about 1870. Taking his cue from his mentor Joseph Dorfman, Professor Rothbard eschews the "Few Great Men approach" (talking about the already anointed), and focuses on the "'lesser' figures... emphasizing the importance of their religious and social philosophies as well as their narrower strictly 'economic' views" (1, p.xii). With Thomas Kuhn's realistic appraisal of the path of progress in science in terms of paradigm shifts, Professor Rothbard dismisses the Whig theory of history and works with no presumption that "later thought is better than earlier" (1, p.x). The acceptance of the zig-zag path of the progress of the discipline promises us "far more human drama than is usually offered in histories of economic thought." (1, p.xiii). -
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project Information Series
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project Information Series EUGENE KOPP Interviewed by: Tom Tuch Initial interview date: March 7, 1988 Copyright 1998 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Coming to USIA Promotion to USIA Assistant Director Administration Sha espeare!s operating policies Policy Differences Strains between USIA and Dept of State Vis a Vis Soviet Union/D'tente Distrust of Foreign Service USIA (eographic Offices Subordinated to Media Offices USIA Deputy Director Corrects policies (eneral Counsel (ordon Strachan a problem Confronting Keogh!s explaining Keogh!s accomplishments Agency difficulties, -atergate VOA director Ken (iddens and Keogh Differences Special Concern .etrospective View Disagreement on Policy between USIA Management and VOA INTERVIEW ": This is Tom Tuch interviewing Eugene Kopp, former Deputy Director of USIA in his office in downtown (ashington, today on March 7, 1988. KOPP/ Tom. 1 ": Nice to see you. KOPP/ Than you very much. Coming to USIA ": Let,s start by tal-ing about your coming into a foreign affairs agency, USIA, from life as a lawyer, during the Ni.on Administration. How did you decide that you wanted to wor- in USIA as a political appointee at that time0 KOPP/ -ell1 let me bac up Tom/ After I got out of law school in 1341 I served a year as law cler for a federal judge1 I then went to the Department of 5ustice in 1342 as a trial attorney. And by 1348 I felt that I probably ought to be thin ing about something else to do because I didn8t thin I wanted to say at 5ustice for a full career. -
Hoover Institution Newsletter Spring 2004
HOOVER INSTITUTION SPRING 2004 NEWSLETTERNEWSLETTER FEDERAL OFFICIALS, JOURNALISTS, HOOVER FELLOWS HOOVER, SIEPR SHARE DISCUSS DOMESTIC AND WORLD AFFAIRS $5 MILLION GIFT AT BOARD OF OVERSEERS MEETING IN HONOR OF GEORGE P. SHULTZ ecretary of State Colin Powell dis- he Annenberg Foundation has cussed the importance of human granted Stanford University $5 Srights,democracy,and the rule of law Tmillion to honor former U.S. secre- when he addressed the Hoover Institution tary of state George P. Shultz. Board of Overseers and guests on Febru- The Hoover Institution will receive $4 ary 23 in Washington, D.C. million to endow the Walter and Leonore Powell told the group of more than 200 Annenberg Fund in honor of George P. who gathered to hear his postluncheon talk Shultz, which will support the Annenberg that worldwide political and economic Distinguished Visiting Fellow. conditions present not only problems but The Stanford Institute for Economic also great opportunities to share American Policy Research (SIEPR) will receive $1 values. million for the George P. Shultz Disserta- Other speakers during the day included tion Support Fund, which supports empir- Dinesh D’Souza, the Robert and Karen ical research by graduate students working Rishwain Research Fellow, who discussed on dissertations oriented toward problems Colin Powell the future of American conservativism. of economic policy. Reflecting on the legacy of Ronald ing values and virtues that have sustained “In all of his capacities, George has Reagan’s presidency, he pointed to endur- American society for more than 200 years. given unstintingly to this institution over continued on page 8 continued on page 4 PRESIDENT BUSH NAMES HENRY S. -
When Victims Rule
1 24 JEWISH INFLUENCE IN THE MASS MEDIA, Part II In 1985 Laurence Tisch, Chairman of the Board of New York University, former President of the Greater New York United Jewish Appeal, an active supporter of Israel, and a man of many other roles, started buying stock in the CBStelevision network through his company, the Loews Corporation. The Tisch family, worth an estimated 4 billion dollars, has major interests in hotels, an insurance company, Bulova, movie theatres, and Loliards, the nation's fourth largest tobacco company (Kent, Newport, True cigarettes). Brother Andrew Tisch has served as a Vice-President for the UJA-Federation, and as a member of the United Jewish Appeal national youth leadership cabinet, the American Jewish Committee, and the American Israel Political Action Committee, among other Jewish organizations. By September of 1986 Tisch's company owned 25% of the stock of CBS and he became the company's president. And Tisch -- now the most powerful man at CBS -- had strong feelings about television, Jews, and Israel. The CBS news department began to live in fear of being compromised by their boss -- overtly, or, more likely, by intimidation towards self-censorship -- concerning these issues. "There have been rumors in New York for years," says J. J. Goldberg, "that Tisch took over CBS in 1986 at least partly out of a desire to do something about media bias against Israel." [GOLDBERG, p. 297] The powerful President of a major American television network dare not publicize his own active bias in favor of another country, of course. That would look bad, going against the grain of the democratic traditions, free speech, and a presumed "fair" mass media. -
Conley, James D
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project JAMES D. CONLEY Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: January 27, 2000 Copyright 2018 ADST [Note: This interview was not edited by Mr. Conley prior to his death.] Q: Today is the 27th of January, 2000. This is an interview with James D. Conley, being done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, and I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. Jim and I are old friends, having served together back in the sixties in Belgrade. Jim, could you tell me when and where you were born and something about your family? CONLEY: I was born in Chicago, Illinois on October 5, 1928. My family were native Chicagoans. I have three brothers and a sister. We grew up on the north side of Chicago. I attended parochial schools, St. George High School in Evanston. It was a very happy time in my life. Q: What was your father’s background? CONLEY: My father served in the First World War. He did not attend college. He had a great ability with figures. He was one of the youngest commissioned officers in the First World War. In fact, he was commissioned on his birthday. He couldn’t have been younger than that, because he was like the administrative officer of the battalion that he was with. When he came out of the army he wound up as the inside man of a small insurance brokerage agency in Chicago, which later became substantial. He did that the rest of his life. -
The Deadly Price of Pursuing Peace by Evelyn Gordon
JANUARY 2010 ggggggggg The Deadly Price of Pursuing Peace by evelyn gordon WHEN the Oslo process began in 1993, one benefi t its adherents promised was a signifi cant improvement in Israel’s international standing. Now, 16 years later, Israel’s has fallen to an unprecedented low. Yet even today, conventional wisdom, including OBAMA’S NEXT THREE YEARS in Israel, continues to assert that Israel’s JOHN R. BOLTON #3 Commentary international standing depends on its A NEVER-ENDING willingness to advance the “peace pro- ECONOMIC CRISIS? DAVID M. SMICK cess.” So why has Israel’s standing fallen #3 WHY JEWS JANUARY 2010 : VOLUME 129 NUMBER 1 : VOLUME 2010 JANUARY so precipitously despite its numerous HATE PALIN JENNIFER RUBIN concessions for peace since 1993? The #3 PHILIP ROTH mounting evidence makes it inescapable: COMES TO THE END Israel’s standing has declined so precipi- SAM SACKS tously not despite Oslo but because of Oslo. $5.95 US : $7.00 CANADA $7.00 : US $5.95 JCC Maccabi Games 2009 Taube Koret Campus for Jewish Life KORET FOUNDATION AND TAUBE PHILANTHROPIES Collaborating to support Jewish life in the San Francisco Bay Area: Bay Area Jewish Community Centers Contemporary Jewish Museum, San Francisco Hillel at Stanford JCC Maccabi Games 2009 Jewish Chaplaincy at Stanford University Medical Center Jewish Family & Children’s Services of San Francisco Jewish Home of San Francisco Koret-Taube Initiative on Jewish Peoplehood Taube Center for Jewish Studies at Stanford Taube Koret Campus for Jewish Life, Palo Alto Koret-Taube Grand Lobby, www.koretfoundation.org -
Extensions of Remarks
August 8, 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23165 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MILITARY READINESS: A vestments, especially strategic nuclear fense request, the House Armed Services GROWING PROBLEM programs. Simply drawing out pro Committee was most protective of conven curement, or cutting a program in half tional warfare systems and force readiness, will only postpone what will then be a but willing to let strategic nuclear systems HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR. take their lumps. Weinberger's sacrifices OF MARYLAND larger crunch in the 1985-90 time were quite the opposite, insulating the stra IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES frame. tegic buildup while cutting back the general Aerospace America magazine recent forces. Wednesday, August 8, 1984 ly pttblished an article in which these very points were discussed, and in con Looking down the road, it is obvious that •Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, while many more tough decisions will have to be siderable detail. I insert the Aerospace made about what to keep, cut back, post the current military readiness picture America article entitled "Pentagon's may be good-and even getting pone, and what to jettison. Richard De Bright New World Fading Fast" in the Lauer, defense under secretary for research better-the long-term effectiveness of RECORD: and engineering, told Sen. Ted Stevens <D our Armed Forces may indeed be in Alaska) that he could "handle" congression danger. [From the Aerospace America, July 1984] al refusal of new starts for the $1 billion DDG-51 guided missile destroyer as well as It seems to me there are two poten PENTAGON'S BRIGHT NEW WORLD FADING FAST tial problems: the nature of the de the $129 million requested for development <By Henry Simmons) of the McDonnell Douglas C-17 STOL fense budget itself, and the financial transport in the current fiscal year. -
Peter J. Boettke
PETER J. BOETTKE BB&T Professor for the Study of Capitalism, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, & University Professor of Economics and Philosophy Department of Economics, MSN 3G4 George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030 Tel: 703-993-1149 Fax: 703-993-1133 Web: http://www.peter-boettke.com http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=182652 http://www.coordinationproblem.org PERSONAL Date of birth: January 3, 1960 Nationality: United States EDUCATION Ph.D. in Economics, George Mason University, January, 1989 M.A. in Economics, George Mason University, January, 1987 B.A. in Economics, Grove City College, May, 1983 TITLE OF DOCTORAL THESIS: The Political Economy of Soviet Socialism, 1918-1928 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Academic Positions 1987 –88 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, George Mason University 1988 –90 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, School of Business Administration, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 1990 –97 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, New York University, New York, NY 10003 1997 –98 Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Finance, School of Business, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY 10471 1998 – 2003 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 (tenured Fall 2000) 2003 –07 Professor, Department of Economics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 2007 – University Professor, George Mason University 2011 – Affiliate Faculty, Department of Philosophy, George Mason University FIELDS OF INTEREST -
Signature Redacted Signature of Author: History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology Affd Society August 19, 2014
Project Apollo, Cold War Diplomacy and the American Framing of Global Interdependence by MASSACHUSETTS 5NS E. OF TECHNOLOGY OCT 0 6 201 Teasel Muir-Harmony LIBRARIES Bachelor of Arts St. John's College, 2004 Master of Arts University of Notre Dame, 2009 Submitted to the Program in Science, Technology, and Society In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology September 2014 D 2014 Teasel Muir-Harmony. All Rights Reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature redacted Signature of Author: History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology affd Society August 19, 2014 Certified by: Signature redacted David A. Mindell Frances and David Dibner Professor of the History of Engineering and Manufacturing Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Committee Chair redacted Certified by: Signature David Kaiser C01?shausen Professor of the History of Science Director, Program in Science, Technology, and Society Senior Lecturer, Department of Physics Committee Member Signature redacted Certified by: Rosalind Williams Bern Dibner Professor of the History of Technology Committee Member Accepted by: Signature redacted Heather Paxson William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor, Anthropology Director of Graduate Studies, History, Anthropology, and STS Signature