10 Maturation and Development of Leucocytes
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Mass Cytometric Functional Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Defines Cell-Cycle and Immunophenotypic Properties That Correlate with Known Responses to Therapy
Published OnlineFirst June 19, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0298 ReseaRch aRticle Mass Cytometric Functional Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Defines Cell-Cycle and Immunophenotypic Properties That Correlate with Known Responses to Therapy Gregory K. Behbehani1,2,3, Nikolay Samusik1, Zach B. Bjornson1, Wendy J. Fantl1,4, Bruno C. Medeiros2,3, and Garry P. Nolan1 Downloaded from cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org on September 25, 2021. © 2015 American Association for Cancer Research. Published OnlineFirst June 19, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0298 abstRact Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by a high relapse rate that has been attributed to the quiescence of leukemia stem cells (LSC), which renders them resistant to chemotherapy. However, this hypothesis is largely supported by indirect evidence and fails to explain the large differences in relapse rates across AML subtypes. To address this, bone mar- row aspirates from 41 AML patients and five healthy donors were analyzed by high-dimensional mass cytometry. All patients displayed immunophenotypic and intracellular signaling abnormalities within CD34+CD38lo populations, and several karyotype- and genotype-specific surface marker patterns were identified. The immunophenotypic stem and early progenitor cell populations from patients with clinically favorable core-binding factor AML demonstrated a 5-fold higher fraction of cells in S-phase compared with other AML samples. Conversely, LSCs in less clinically favorable FLT3-ITD AML exhib- ited dramatic reductions in S-phase fraction. Mass cytometry also allowed direct observation of the in vivo effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: The mechanisms underlying differences in relapse rates across AML subtypes are poorly understood. -
A Comparative Study of Murine Mast Cell Progenitors
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2001 A Comparative Study of Murine Mast Cell Progenitors Shirley K. DeSimone Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Other Medicine and Health Sciences Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4529 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine This is to certifythat the dissertation prepared by Shirley K. DeSimone entitled "A Comparative Study of Murine Mast Cell Progenitors" has been approved by her committee as satisfactory completion of the disse1tation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Francine M. Marciano-Cabral, Ph.D., School of Medicine Jack L. Haar, Ph.D., Dean, School of Graduate Studies A Comparative Study of Murine Mast Cell Progenitors A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University By Shirley K. DeSimone Director: Thomas F. Huff, Ph.D. Professor, Microbiology and Immunology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia May, 2001 11 Acknowledgments I wish to thank my advisor, Dr. Thomas F. Hufffor his insight, guidance, and patience. also which to acknowledge the invaluable, unwavering, and loving support of my husband, friend and companion, Dr. John A. DeSimone. Thanks are also due to the consistently helpful graduate students of Dr. -
Chapter 18 *Lecture Powerpoint the Circulatory System: Blood
Chapter 18 *Lecture PowerPoint The Circulatory System: Blood *See separate FlexArt PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Introduction • Many myths about blood – Mysterious ―vital force‖ – Drained ―bad-blood‖ for medical reasons – Hereditary traits were once thought to be transmitted through blood • Blood cells were seen with the first microscopes • Hematology—the study of blood • Recent developments in this field help save lives 18-2 Introduction • Expected Learning Outcomes – Describe the functions and major components of the circulatory system. – Describe the components and physical properties of blood. – Describe the composition of blood plasma. – Explain the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity. – Describe in general terms how blood is produced. 18-3 Functions of the Circulatory System • Circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood • Cardiovascular system refers only to the heart and blood vessels • Hematology—the study of blood • Functions of circulatory system – Transport • O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells – Protection • Inflammation, limit spread of infection, destroy microorganisms and cancer cells, neutralize toxins, and initiate clotting – Regulation • Fluid balance, stabilizes pH of ECF, and temperature control 18-4 Components and General Properties of Blood • Adults have 4 to 6 L of blood • A liquid connective tissue consisting of -
Development of Plasmacytoid and Conventional Dendritic Cell Subtypes from Single Precursor Cells Derived in Vitro and in Vivo
ARTICLES Development of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cell subtypes from single precursor cells derived in vitro and in vivo Shalin H Naik1,2, Priyanka Sathe1,3, Hae-Young Park1,4, Donald Metcalf1, Anna I Proietto1,3, Aleksander Dakic1, Sebastian Carotta1, Meredith O’Keeffe1,4, Melanie Bahlo1, Anthony Papenfuss1, Jong-Young Kwak1,4,LiWu1 & Ken Shortman1 The development of functionally specialized subtypes of dendritic cells (DCs) can be modeled through the culture of bone marrow with the ligand for the cytokine receptor Flt3. Such cultures produce DCs resembling spleen plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), http://www.nature.com/natureimmunology CD8+ conventional DCs (cDCs) and CD8– cDCs. Here we isolated two sequential DC-committed precursor cells from such cultures: dividing ‘pro-DCs’, which gave rise to transitional ‘pre-DCs’ en route to differentiating into the three distinct DC subtypes (pDCs, CD8+ cDCs and CD8– cDCs). We also isolated an in vivo equivalent of the DC-committed pro-DC precursor cell, which also gave rise to the three DC subtypes. Clonal analysis of the progeny of individual pro-DC precursors demonstrated that some pro-DC precursors gave rise to all three DC subtypes, some produced cDCs but not pDCs, and some were fully committed to a single DC subtype. Thus, commitment to particular DC subtypes begins mainly at this pro-DC stage. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells crucial for the innate macrophages12. Further ‘downstream’, ‘immediate’ precursors have and adaptive response to infection as well as for maintaining immune been identified for several DC types, including Ly6Chi monocytes as 3,4,6 13 Nature Publishing Group Group Nature Publishing tolerance to self tissue. -
Effects of Heterologous Antineutrophil Serum in Guinea Pigs Hematologic and Ultrastructural Observations
Effects of Heterologous Antineutrophil Serum in Guinea Pigs Hematologic and Ultrastructural Observations David M. Simpson and Russell Ross Two pools of rabbit anti-guinea pig neutrophil serum (ANS) were prepared using an intravenous (ANS I) or subcutaneous (ANS II) route of immunization with proteose peptone-stimulated peritoneal exudate neutrophils (PMNs) from albino guinea pigs. In vitro, both pools of ANS contained high titers of agglutinating antibodies to neutrophils and lower titers against lymphocytes and red cells. Ag- glutinins against all three cell types could be selectively removed by absorption. The in vivo hematologic effects of both the absorbed and unabsorbed antisera were examined after intraperitoneal administration, and the effects of ANS on neu- trophils in blood, bone marrow, and peritoneal cavity were examined by light and electr microscopy of spleen, liver, lung, lymph node, buffy coat, bone mar- row and pellets of peritoneal cells removed at various time intervals within 24 hours. Injection of either antisera caused a rapid decrase in circulating neu- trophils and lymphocytes, whi reached thefr lowest levels within 12 hours. Neutrophils that disappeared from the circulation were sequestered primarily in liver and spleen where they were phagocytized, as morphologically intact cells, by macrophages and then rapidly digested. Immature bone marow neutrophils as young as early myelocytes were ingested by macrophages in the marrow at 6 hours or later after ANS. Neutrophils that were phagocytized were apparently opsonized by ANS since there was no ultrastructurl evidence of neutrophil lysis in blood or bone manrow after ANS treatment. However, both lysed and ingested neubrophils were observed in the peritoneal cavity. -
The Biochemical and Biophysical Mechanisms of Macrophage Migration
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2015 The Biochemical and Biophysical Mechanisms of Macrophage Migration Laurel Erin Hind University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Allergy and Immunology Commons, Biomedical Commons, Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons, and the Medical Immunology Commons Recommended Citation Hind, Laurel Erin, "The Biochemical and Biophysical Mechanisms of Macrophage Migration" (2015). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1062. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1062 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1062 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Biochemical and Biophysical Mechanisms of Macrophage Migration Abstract The ability of macrophages to migrate is critical for a proper immune response. During an innate immune response, macrophages migrate to sites of infection or inflammation where they clear pathogens through phagocytosis and activate an adaptive immune response by releasing cytokines and acting as antigen- presenting cells. Unfortunately, improper regulation of macrophage migration is associated with a variety of dieases including cancer, atherosclerosis, wound-healing, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this thesis, engineered substrates were used to study the chemical and physical mechanisms of macrophage migration. We first used microcontact printing to generate surfaces -
Trauma in the Aged Myelopoiesis Induced by Severe Shock And
A Detailed Characterization of the Dysfunctional Immunity and Abnormal Myelopoiesis Induced by Severe Shock and Trauma in the Aged This information is current as of September 23, 2021. Dina C. Nacionales, Benjamin Szpila, Ricardo Ungaro, M. Cecilia Lopez, Jianyi Zhang, Lori F. Gentile, Angela L. Cuenca, Erin Vanzant, Brittany Mathias, Jeevan Jyot, Donevan Westerveld, Azra Bihorac, Anna Joseph, Alicia Mohr, Lizette V. Duckworth, Frederick A. Moore, Henry V. Baker, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Lyle L. Moldawer, Scott Downloaded from Brakenridge and Philip A. Efron J Immunol 2015; 195:2396-2407; Prepublished online 5 August 2015; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500984 http://www.jimmunol.org/ http://www.jimmunol.org/content/195/5/2396 Supplementary http://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2015/08/05/jimmunol.150098 Material 4.DCSupplemental References This article cites 50 articles, 10 of which you can access for free at: by guest on September 23, 2021 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/195/5/2396.full#ref-list-1 Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2015 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. -
The Term Meaning White Blood Cells Is
The Term Meaning White Blood Cells Is Micro Angelico still desalinate: venatic and unclimbed Elliot originate quite significatively but globes her proximocracoviennes and admeasuring catechetically. politely. Welsh Hazardableis attritional orand pollened, endows Sherwood voicelessly never as statant comb-outs Ira interpenetrates any output! Trophoblast cells are destined to give rise to many of the extraembryonic tissues. Genetic disorders and blood the cells is a permanent hair shaft, great care provider first line reported by lab technician may be included in circulation, the superficial veins. The part of the brain that controls coordinated movement. What Is A Medical Technologist? Inflammation of the liver. MPV is used along with platelet count to diagnose some diseases. After circulating in the bloodstream for about a day, monocytes enter body tissues to become macrophages, which can destroy some germs by surrounding and digesting them. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America. An abnormal increase in the volume of circulating blood. These small cells seem to sound an alarm when infectious agents invade your blood. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis. Finally, emotional or physical stress can also cause elevated white blood cell counts. The ability of the body to learn to fight specific infections after being exposed to the germs that cause them. However, you may also visit the Cookie Settings at any time to provide controlled consent, and you can withdraw your consent there. Severe pain that occurs suddenly and usually lasts a short while. -
Of THP-1 Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells Halt Proliferation and Induce
Human Plasma Membrane-Derived Vesicles Halt Proliferation and Induce Differentiation of THP-1 Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells This information is current as Ephraim A. Ansa-Addo, Sigrun Lange, Dan Stratton, of September 28, 2021. Samuel Antwi-Baffour, Igor Cestari, Marcel I. Ramirez, Maria V. McCrossan and Jameel M. Inal J Immunol 2010; 185:5236-5246; Prepublished online 4 October 2010; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001656 Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/content/185/9/5236 References This article cites 43 articles, 12 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/185/9/5236.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists by guest on September 28, 2021 • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2010 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology Human Plasma Membrane-Derived Vesicles Halt Proliferation and Induce Differentiation of THP-1 Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells Ephraim A. -
CDG and Immune Response: from Bedside to Bench and Back Authors
CDG and immune response: From bedside to bench and back 1,2,3 1,2,3,* 2,3 1,2 Authors: Carlota Pascoal , Rita Francisco , Tiago Ferro , Vanessa dos Reis Ferreira , Jaak Jaeken2,4, Paula A. Videira1,2,3 *The authors equally contributed to this work. 1 Portuguese Association for CDG, Lisboa, Portugal 2 CDG & Allies – Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies – PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal 3 UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal 4 Center for Metabolic Diseases, UZ and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Word count: 7478 Number of figures: 2 Number of tables: 3 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/jimd.12126 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Abstract Glycosylation is an essential biological process that adds structural and functional diversity to cells and molecules, participating in physiological processes such as immunity. The immune response is driven and modulated by protein-attached glycans that mediate cell-cell interactions, pathogen recognition and cell activation. Therefore, abnormal glycosylation can be associated with deranged immune responses. Within human diseases presenting immunological defects are Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), a family of around 130 rare and complex genetic diseases. In this review, we have identified 23 CDG with immunological involvement, characterised by an increased propensity to – often life-threatening – infection. -
Single-Cell Mass Cytometry of Differential Immune and Drug
RESEARCH ARTICLE Performance assessmentofmasscytometry. The workflow for mass cytometry is comparable with that of fluorescence flow cytometry (Fig. 1A). Single-Cell Mass Cytometry of Differential Antibodies coupled to distinct, stable, transition element isotopes were used to bind target epitopes on and within cells. Cells, with bound antibody- Immune and Drug Responses Across isotope conjugates, were sprayed as single-cell droplets into an inductively coupled argon plasma a Human Hematopoietic Continuum (created by passing argon gas through an induc- tion coil with a high radio-frequency electric cur- 1 1 2 3 1 1 Sean C. Bendall, * Erin F. Simonds, * Peng Qiu, El-ad D. Amir, Peter O. Krutzik, Rachel Finck, rent) at approximately 5500 K. This vaporizes 1,7 3 1 4,5 6 Robert V. Bruggner, Rachel Melamed, Angelica Trejo, Olga I. Ornatsky, Robert S. Balderas, each cell and induces ionization of its atomic con- 2 1 3 4,5 1 Sylvia K. Plevritis, Karen Sachs, Dana Pe’er, Scott D. Tanner, Garry P. Nolan † stituents. The resulting elemental ions were then sampled by a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrom- Flow cytometry is an essential tool for dissecting the functional complexity of hematopoiesis. We used eter and quantified. The signal for each transi- single-cell “mass cytometry” to examine healthy human bone marrow, measuring 34 parameters tion element isotope reporter was integrated as simultaneously in single cells (binding of 31 antibodies, viability, DNA content, and relative cell size). The each cell’s constituent ions reached the detector. signaling behavior of cell subsets spanning a defined hematopoietic hierarchy was monitored with 18 Currently, TOF sampling resolution enables the simultaneous markers of functional signaling states perturbed by a set of ex vivo stimuli and inhibitors. -
Haematopoiesis to Describe the Components of Normal Blood, Their Relative Proportions and Their Functions
Haematopoiesis To describe the components of normal blood, their relative proportions and their functions Blood 8% of body weight Plasma (55%) clear, 90% water, contains salts, enzymes, proteins WBCs and platelet (1%) RBCs (45%) bioconcave– disc, no nucleus = anuclear- 120days lifespan Immature = blasts– Mature= cytes In white blood cells myeloblast goes to neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils Monoblast= monocyte can also become dendritic cells and macrophages – White blood cells (leukocytes)– Polymorphonuclear= neutrophils, eosinophil s, basophils Mononuclear= lymphocytes= T cells, B cells and’ monocytes Lymphoid= NK cells, T-Lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte Myeloid= Monocyte, erythrocyte, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, megakaryocyte, mast cells BOTH Dendritic cells (from monocyte in myeloid) (lymphoid precursor) Neutrophil – protection from bacteria and fungi Eosinophil- protection against parasites Basophil – increase during allergic reactions Lymphocytes – T cells- protection against viruses, B cells immunoglobulin synthesis Monocyte- protection from back bacteria and fungi phagocytosis – How do blood go from bone to blood vessels? – The bones are perfused with blood vessels- How do we investigate blood? In venepuncture, the superficial veins of the upper limbs are selected and hollow needle is inserted through the skin into the veins. Blood is then collected into evacuated tubes. These veins are present in numbers and are easily accessible. Anticoagulant, EDTA is used to stop blood clotting 1.Using Automated the sample full collected…. blood count Whole blood for a FBC is usually taken into an EDTA tube to stop it from clotting. The blood is well mixed and put through a machine called an automated analyser, counts the numbers and size of RBC and platelets within the blood using sensors Reticulocyte Assessing the young RBCs numbers performed by automated cell counters give indication of output of young RBC by bone marrow – 2.