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Ile De Sein, Les Petites Histoires Qui Font La Grande Histoire !

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Ile De Sein, Les Petites Histoires Qui Font La Grande Histoire ! Introduction L’île de Sein est connue dès 43 avant notre ère : Pomponius Mela, géographe, parle déjà de Insula Sena « Sein est dans la mer britannique, mer d’Iroise, en face du littoral des Osismes (actuelle région appelée Léon-Cornouaille). Les Gaulois les appellent les Sènes. »1 Selon lui, des prêtresses nommées « Galliseane » avaient le pouvoir de prédire l’avenir et le pouvoir de guérir. Selon B. Tanguy, ce nom apparaît par croisement avec le latin sinus, « courbe » et par extension « anse » ou « baie » et encore « golfe ». Pour ma part, je réfute cette hypothèse peu convaincante. Allez demander aux Sénans, si leur île est une anse ou un golfe, ou une baie ? Plus probable, Sein provient de la racine gauloise Sénos, « vieux », non pas au sens « archaïque, âgé », mais au sens des « premiers », c’est-à-dire autochtones. Et ceci se rapproche de la définition d’Albert Deshayes : 1 A. Deshayes, Dictionnaire des noms de lieux bretons, Le Chasse Marée/Armen, 1999. 9 « Sénan, nom de saint d’origine irlandaise qui aurait ac- compagné saint Thénéant en Armorique, est un diminutif en “an” de l’irlandais sen, “vieux” équivalent du breton, du cornique et du gallois hen2. » L’hypothèse la plus sérieuse est à rapprocher de celle donnée par A. Deshayes. D’ailleurs, pourquoi toujours chercher ailleurs ce que l’on a sous la main ? Aller chercher des racines latines là où il n’y en a pas ? Consultons une carte de la France actuelle et nous ver- rons de suite que les tribus gauloises ont laissé leur patronyme un peu partout. Ainsi, les Namnetes, Nantes, les Redones, Redon, les Pictons, Poitiers, les Lexovii, Lisieux, les Parisii, Paris, les Vénètes, Vannes… La liste est interminable. Malgré les invasions romaines, germaniques, normandes, les peuples autochtones ont laissé derrière eux leur patronyme. Alors encore une fois, pourquoi aller chercher du côté de César alors que preuve est faite de l’antériorité des toponymes d’origine celtique ? Il est trop facile de faire en permanence (même s’il y a des emprunts au latin, et c’est normal) référence au bas latin, au gallo-romain, au français. Les langues celtiques sont au même titre que le latin et le grec, des langues indo-européennes qui ont coexisté. Dans ce cas, qui peut prétendre à la supériorité ou l’antériorité de l’une sur l’autre ? 2 Ibidem. 10 On retrouve donc la proximité sémantique de Senos-hen. Par ailleurs, nous retrouvons le radical Senos dans de nombreuses villes et lieu-dit, notamment dans l’Yonne et en Seine-et-Marne. Il en est ainsi de Sens, Senan, Senlis, mais aussi le nom de fleuve Seine qui séparait les tribus des Parisii des Sénones. En effet, la capitale de Senones est Sens. Ce peuple, parmi les plus puissants de Gaule, envahit par ailleurs l’Italie et s’empare de Rome en 390 av. J.-C. Une partie de cette tribu s’y installa et 11 créa la ville de Sénéglilla, tout comme les Vénètes établirent la ville de Venise (Vénétie) et, plus proche de nous, la ville de Vannes dans le Morbihan. Alors il n’est point utile de se rapprocher d’étymologies des plus fantaisistes rapportées par certains auteurs. « La sémantique, cette science des mots, est toute perplexe devant le rébus que constitue la signification du nom de Sein, si diversement orthographié au cours du temps »3. Ainsi au cours des siècles, l’île connaîtra les appel- lations suivantes : - En latin : Sene, Sena, Sina, Coena - En français : Saynes, Saint, Sainctes, Sayne, Seins, Seine - En breton : Sun, Sizun, Seizhun, etc. Le cadre étant posé, je vous invite à la découverte de l’île de Sein à travers la préhistoire, l’histoire, la géographie, l’ethno- graphie, la topographie, la toponymie ou encore la patronymie. Bref, il s’agit de vous faire embrasser de manière globale ce bout de caillou grâce aux témoignages de Sénos et Séna qui sauront partager avec vous leur traversée du temps en com- pagnie de leur clan « les Sen ». 3 S. Richard, Enez-Sun : L’île des Trépassés, 1974. .
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