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Hollow Comb Rivets Made from Stripdrawn Copper Wire and Two Possible Antler Draw Plates from 11Th–12Th C. Sigtuna, Sweden

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Hollow Comb Rivets Made from Stripdrawn Copper Wire and Two Possible Antler Draw Plates from 11Th–12Th C. Sigtuna, Sweden Omslag 2019/2_Omslag 3/2004 (kopia) 2019-05-20 11:32 Sida 1 Innehåll F 57 Gardeła, L. et al. The spur goad from kort meddelande O R Skegrie in Scania, Sweden. Evidence of 115 Scheglov, A. Omarbetning av Olaus Petris N elite interaction between Viking Age krönika: Ett politiskt vittnesbörd – och V Ä Scandinavians and Western Slavs. heraldiskt? N N 75 Loftsgarden, K. The prime movers of iron E production in the Norwegian Viking and recensioner N 2 Middle Ages. 118 Larsson, B.T. & Broström, S-G. Nämforsens 0 1 9 88 Wärmländer, S.K.T.S. & Söderberg, A. Hällristningar – Sveriges största och äldsta / 2 Hollow comb rivets made from strip- hällristningsområde med 2600 figurer FORN drawn copper wire and two possible ant- (The rock of Nämforsen). Anmälan av ler draw plates from 11th–12th c. Sigtuna, V. Mantere. Sweden. 120 Ahlström, C. The Viking Age. A time of many faces. Anmälan av L. Gardeła. debatt 123 Ljung, C. Under runristad häll: Tidig- 100 Kjellström, R. Stalofrågan – en personlig kristna gravmonument i 1000-talets slutkommentar. Sverige. Anmälan av P. Carelli. VÄNNEN 107 Lovén, C. Var Beowulf gute? JOURNAL OF SWEDISH ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCH 2019/2 issn 0015-7813 Omslag 2019/2_Omslag 3/2004 (kopia) 2019-05-20 11:32 Sida 2 Utgiven av Till författaren Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien i samarbete med Historiska museet. fornvännen välkomnar manuskript i nordisk arkeologi och äldre tiders konstvetenskap med an grän sande Fornvännen finns på webben i sin helhet från första årgången och publiceras löpande där ämnen. Bidrag kan vara avfattade på de skandinaviska språken samt engelska, tyska och franska. Abstracts och med ett halvårs fördröjning: fornvannen.se sammanfattningar skall vara på engelska, bildtexter på uppsatsens språk och engelska. Hela Fornvännens inne- håll publiceras fortlöpande både på papper och på internet, det senare med ett halvårs fördröjning. Kontakta Ansvarig utgivare och huvudredaktör gärna redaktionen inför och under skrivandet om frågor uppstår. Mats Roslund Vitterhetsakademien Tekniska och typografiska frågor Box 5622, 114 86 Stockholm Manuskript skall vara kompletta och noga korrekturlästa. De levereras med all text i en enda fil i RTF-format [email protected] eller annat vanligt ordbehandlingsformat. Filen skickas helst per e-post, annars på CD. Inget pappersmanu- skript behövs. Om invecklad typografi som tabeller, matematiska formler eller runtranskriptioner förekommer Redaktionssekreterare och mottagare av manuskript kan dock en utskrift eller PDF-fil vara bra. Peter Carelli Vitterhetsakademien Uppsatser Box 5622, 114 86 Stockholm Tät och kortfattad framställning är en dygd. En uppsats får inte överstiga 16 trycksidor à 4500 ned slag inkl. [email protected] abstract, illustrationer och tabeller. Uppsatser levereras med abstract (högst 1500 nedslag), summary (2000–4500 nedslag) och bildtexter, alla Redaktörer dessa på engelska. Herman Bengtsson, [email protected] Abstract inleds med författarnamn, årtal, uppsatsens titel med engelsk titel inom parentes och avslutas med Christina Fredengren, [email protected] författarens namn, institutionsadress och e-postadress. Åsa M Larsson, [email protected] Referenser Dessa utformas enligt Harvardsystemet med författarnamn, tryckår och sida inom parentes i texten. Under Teknisk redaktör rubriken Referenser förtecknas refererade eller citerade arbeten i bokstavsordning efter författarens efternamn Kerstin Öström följt av initialer, tryckår, titel, namn på eventuell tidskrift samt nummer, utgivande institution och förlagsort. Grävlingsvägen 50 Titlar på monografier och tidskrifter kursiveras. Inga sidnummer anges i referenslistan. Se nedan. 167 56 Bromma [email protected] Forsklund, F., 1954. Skäggmode under järnåldern. Esoteriska sällskapets årsskrift 26. Stockholm. Gendergren, G., 1993. Medeltida suffragetter i Burgund. Lund. Prenumeration Sviskonkvist, S., 1946. Priapos på Kullaberg. Adlerlöffel, X. & Ölkefjär, Y. (red.). Sydsvensk järnålderskult, Vitterhetsakademien ett symposium. Halmstad. Box 5622, 114 86 Stockholm e-post [email protected] Illustrationer Bankgiro 535-3552 Illustrationer skickas med minst 1500 pixlars bredd, per e-post, på CD eller i fysiskt original. Fornvännen pub- licerar endast illustrationer där rättighetsinnehavaren givit författaren tillstånd för publicering på internet. Årsprenumeration i Sverige (4 häften) 200 kronor, lösnummer 60 kronor Debatt och mötesreferat Journal of Swedish Antiquarian Research Debattinlägg och mötesreferat saknar abstract och summary, får ha referenser och illustrationer, överskrider published by The Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities inte 5 trycksidor à 4500 nedslag inkl. illustrationer. Innan ett inlägg publiceras skickar redaktionen ofta slut- Subscription price outside Sweden (four issues) SEK 250:– redigerad version till berörd part för inhämtande av svar. Box 5622, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden Korta meddelanden fornvännen började utges av Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien år 1906 och ersatte då Korta meddelanden får ha referenser och illustrationer, överskrider inte 3 trycksidor à 4500 nedslag inkl. Akademiens Månadsblad samt Svenska Fornminnesföreningens Tidskrift, som båda tillkommit under 1870-talets illustrationer. första år. Förutom i Sverige finns Fornvännen på drygt 350 bibliotek och vetenskapliga institutioner i mer än 40 länder. Recensioner Tidskriften är referentgranskad. Recensioner får inte ha illustrationer eller referenslista (kortfattade referenser läggs inom parentes i texten), omfattar högst 9000 nedslag inklusive mellanslag. Tonvikten skall ligga på vetenskaplig utvärde ring mer än på fornvännen (»The Antiquarian») has been published by the Royal Academy of Letters, His tory and referat av böckernas innehåll. Anti quities since 1906, when it replaced two older journals which had started in the early years of the 1870s. Outside Sweden Fornvännen is held by more than 350 libraries and scientific institutions in over 40 countries. Korrektur The journal is peer-reviewed. Författaren får efter textredigeringen den nya textversionen per e-post för granskning. Illustrerade bidrag skickas därtill, efter slutförd typografering och ombrytning, per e-post i form av PDF-fil för granskning. Inga issn 0015-7813 papperskorrektur förekommer. Printed in Sweden by AMO-tryck AB, Solna, 2019 Varje författare erhåller ett exemplar av det häfte i vilket bidraget blivit infört. Art. Wärmländer & Söderberg 88-99_Layout 1 2019-05-20 11:27 Sida 88 Hollow comb rivets made from strip-drawn copper wire and two possible antler draw plates from 11th–12th c. Sigtuna, Sweden By Sebastian K. T. S Wärmländer & Anders Söderberg Wärmländer, S. K. T. S. & Söderberg, A., 2019. Hollow comb rivets made from strip-drawn copper wire and two possible antler draw plates from 11th–12th c. Sig- tuna, Sweden. Fornvännen 114. Stockholm. Modern metal wire is produced by drawing solid metal rods through a draw-plate. Scandinavian smiths used this technique already during the Viking Age, but little is known about earlier Scandinavian methods for making metal wire. It has previ- ously been suggested that the metal rivets in composite bone and antler combs may have been hollow and produced by strip-drawing, but no metallurgical studies have so far been carried out to investigate this possibility. Here, we used scanning elec- tron microscopy (SEM) to investigate copper-alloy rivets in 11th – 12th c. compos- ite combs from Sigtuna, the administrative centre for middle Sweden’s first Chris- tian kings during the early Medieval period. Our SEM images showed that while some rivets were made from solid circular wire, other rivets are hollow and proba- bly manufactured from strip-drawn wire. We also examined two perforated antler plates, likely dated to the 12th c. and excavated from a bronzesmith’s workshop in the block Trekanten in central Sigtuna. The copper and lead particles detected by SEM analysis around the plates’ holes indicate that the plates were used in metal- working activities. Because the holes are cylindrical and not conical, however, the plates would not be viable tools for drawing solid metal wire. In the strip-drawing technique, on the other hand, cylindrical holes might have been used to produce hollow metal wire. The holes in the studied antler plates have the same diameter – 2.0 mm – as many comb rivet holes, possibly suggesting a standardization for large- scale production. The bronzesmith’s location next to a combmakers’ workshop provides further support for a production connection between the two crafts. Tak- en together, our results indicate that the two perforated plates may have been tools for strip-drawing copper wire, used to make comb rivets. Sebastian Wärmländer, Division of Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] Anders Söderberg, Sigtuna museum, Stora gatan 55, SE-193 30 Sigtuna, Sweden [email protected] Introduction the desired size is obtained. This wire-drawing In modern society, metal wire is produced by technique was known in Scandinavia already at drawing solid metal rods through conical holes of the Viking Age, as demonstrated by the draw pla- increasingly smaller dimensions (Carroll 1972; tes encountered in Viking trading centres such as Newbury & Notis 2004; Oddy 1977). Each draw- Birka (Arrhenius 1968), Hedeby (Armbruster ing step reduces the diameter of the wire, until 2012), and Staraya Ladoga (Davidan 1982). Fornvännen 114 (2019) Art.
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