Iv. 3 Kushite Rulers of Pre-25Th Dynasty, 25Th Dynasty, Napatan and Meroitic Times Including Their Burials and Presumed Dates for Reigns1

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IV. 3 KUSHITE RULERS OF PRE-25TH DYNASTY, 25TH DYNASTY, NAPATAN AND MEROITIC TIMES INCLUDING THEIR BURIALS AND PRESUMED DATES FOR REIGNS1

Generation Name of Ruler Burial2 Dates

Gen. A Ruler A Ku. Tum. 1 c. 885–835 BC3 Gen. B Ruler B Ku. Tum. 2 c. 865–825 BC Gen. C Ruler C Ku. Tum. 6 c. 845–815 BC Gen. D Ruler D Ku. 14 c. 825–805 BC Gen. E Ruler E Ku. 11 c. 805–795 BC Gen. F Alara (Ku. 9) c. 785–765 BC Kings of Dyn. 254 Gen. 1 Kashta (Ku. 8) c. 765–753 BC Gen. 2 Piankhi [Piye] Ku. 17 c. 753–722 BC Gen. 3 Shabaka [Shabaqo] Ku. 15 c. 722–707 BC Gen. 4 Shebitku Ku. 18 c. 707–690 BC Gen. 5 Taharqa [Taharqo] Nu. 1 690–664 BC Gen. 6 Tanwetamani Ku. 16 664–655/53 BC (in Egypt) Napatan Kings Gen. 7 Atlanersa (Nu. 20) 2nd half of 7th cent. BC5 Gen. 8 Senkamanisken Nu. 3 2nd half of 7th cent. BC Gen. 9 Anlamani Nu. 6 late 7th cent. BC Gen. 10 Aspalta Nu. 8 early 6th cent. BC (campain Psammetik’s II against Nubia in 593 BC) Gen. 11 Aramatelqo Nu. 9 2nd quarter of 6th cent. BC Gen. 12 Malonaqen Nu. 5 1st half of 6th cent. BC Gen. 13 Analmakheye6 [Analma'aye] Nu. 18 middle of 6th cent. BC Gen. 14 Amani-nataki-lebte Nu. 10 2nd half of 6th cent. BC Gen. 15 Karkamani Nu. 7 2nd half of 6th cent. BC Gen. 16 Amaniastabarqo Nu. 2 late 6th cent. BC (continued on next page)

1 Questionable rulers in parentheses; alternative or conventional readings of names in brackets; completely hypothetical rulers excluded, e.g., Pisekara, who has been thought to have been king solely because he fathered a presumed king. 2 Ascribed burials in parentheses, controversial burials excluded. 3 Dates for Generations A–E after Kendall, Meroitica 15, 97. 4 Calculations based on conventional dates, antedated using the Tang-i Var inscription. 5 Napatan and Meroitic dates—except for the few ﬁxed points—according to gen- erally accepted hypothetical reign lengths. 6 After Priese, Sprachmaterial, 105–106 (95). tables for kushite rulers 497

Table (cont.) Generation Name of Ruler Burial Dates

Gen. 17 Sikhespiqo7 [Si'aspiqo] Nu. 4 early 5th cent. BC Gen. 18 Nasakhma Nu. 19 1st half of 5th cent. BC Gen. 19 Malowi-Amani Nu. 11 middle of 5th cent. BC [Malowiebamani] Gen. 20 Talakhamani Nu. 16 2nd half of 5th cent. BC Gen. 21 Arike-Amanote Nu. 12 2nd half of 5th cent. BC Gen. 22 Baskakeren Nu. 17 late 5th cent. BC Gen. 23 Harsijotef Nu. 13 early 4th cent. BC Gen. 24 King, name unknown Ku. 1 middle of 4th cent. BC Gen. 25 Akhratan Nu. 14 2nd half of 4th cent. BC Gen. 26 Amanibakhi ? 2nd half of 4th cent. BC Gen. 27 Nastasen Nu. 15 last 3rd of 4th cent. BC Gen. 28–32 Neo-Ramesside Rulers late 4th cent. to 2nd third of 3rd cent. BC Aktisanes [Gtsn] (Bar. 11) Ary(amani) (Bar. 14) Kash...amani (Bar. 15) Arike-Pi(ankhi)-qo ? Sabrakamani ? Meroitic Kings and ruling Queens8 Gen. 33 *Arkamanis9 Beg. S. 6 2nd quarter of 3rd cent. BC [Ergamenes I., Arqamani-qo, Arakakamani] Gen. 34 *Amanisaraw10 [Amanislo] Beg. S. 5 Gen. 35 *Amani-tekha Beg. N. 4 Gen. 36 *Arnekhamani (Beg. N. 53) last 3rd of 3rd cent. BC Gen. 37 *Arqamani Beg. N. 7 end of 3rd cent. BC [Ergamenes II] Gen. 38 *Tabirqo [Adikhalamani ?] Beg. N. 9 1st third of 2nd cent. BC Gen. 39 King, name unknown Beg. N. 10 Gen. 40 King, name unknown Beg. N. 8 Gen. 41 Königin Sanakadakhete (Beg. N. 11) 2nd half of 2nd cent. BC Gen. 41 King, name unknown Beg. N. 12 Gen. 43 *Naqyrinsan (Beg. N. 13) Gen. 44 Taneyidamani (Beg. N. 20) early 1st cent. BC Gen. 45 King, name unknown Bar. 2 Gen. 46 Queen, name unknown Bar. 4 Gen. 47 Queen Nawidemaka Bar. 6 (continued on next page)

7 After Hintze, Fs Dunham, 93. 8 Asterisks designate Meroitic kings whose names are known only in Egyptian hiero- glyphic transcriptions. 9 Improved reading after Hallof, International Conferenc for Meroitic Studies, 2004, Paris, in press. 10 According to the improved reading Amanisaraw (see note 9), the name could pos- sibly be understood as Meroitic Amani-Sedewa or Amani-Salawa.