"LOW TIDE/ ' by Ronald E. Karley, of Camera Works. This picture, taken along the Thames, was among 229 hung in the Seventeenth Annual Spring Exhibition of the Kodak Camera Club of Rochester. Further pictures from the exhibition will be found on pages 8 and 9 , and inside the back cover

IN THIS ISSUE

George Eastman: Portrait of a Pioneer Page 1 The Editor's Page Page 10 From errand boy to photography's knight-erra nt Fifty years after; many- and costly

Memorable Meeting at Kodak P age 2 Highlights of Kodak International Exhibit Page 11 A picture of two famous inventors Fresh from its tour of sixteen cities

The Oldest Stockholder; Oldest Employee Page 3 Activities Calendar Page 11 They tell of the early Kodak days The dates and the data

Panorama Page 4 Out of the Hat Page 12 From our own watchtower Cartoonist; sailoT; old-timer

Take a Trip Through Kodak Tracts Page 5 Market Day in Erongaricuaro Page 13 A look at the Company's home-building projects A picture from old M exico

Advertising's Part in Kodak Progress Page 6 A Year's Roll of Retired Kodak Employees Page 15 Wheels hum when their products are wanted From Rochester, Chicago, and Los Angele.s

Pictures from the Annual Spring Exhibition Page 8 "Along the Potomac" Inside Back Cover ... of the Kodak Camera Club of Rochester In the photograph gallery

Copyright , 1938 Kodak C ompa ny Volume 17 JUNE 1938 Numbe r 3

George Eastman: Portrait of a Pioneer How an Errand Boy Became The at the bank went on as usual. His Knisht-Errant of Photosraphy plates were at last a success. He and others were able to make good pic- And Gave the World a Pastime tures on them. He decided to enter upon the manufacture of dry plates THE STORY of the life of George Eastman is the story of photography commercially. as it is known today. With one helper, he started the business in a room over a music store George Eastman was born in at 73 State Street- but a few hundred Waterville, New York, on July 12th, yards from what was to be the site of 1854, the son of George Washington the Kodak Office. He continued his and Maria Kilbourn Eastman. His job in the bank, but night found him father was a pioneer in the business- in his "factory" making emulsion, college fie ld- Eastman's Commercial which was coated on glass by a College was the first training school machine that he invented. The plates in America to introduce actual busi- were excellent; the market became ness transactions in the course of greater than his little concern could study- and the successful establish- supply. ment he founded was continued for Following the manufacture and several years by his brother. success of the dry plate came the The Eastman family moved from making of bromide paper- the kind Waterville to Rochester in 1860, ordinarily used for enlargements. where the father died within a year. ''Eastman's Standard Bromide Paper'' When fourteen, George Eastman left very promptly established itself with school and went to work in the real- the trade. In this product an emulsion estate office of Cornelius Waydell somewhat similar to that used on as errand boy, at $3 a week. His The inventor of the Kodak photographed in plates, but not so fast, was used. duties included sweeping the office, his workshop. An ardent and serious hobby- Why not coat a negative emulsion building a fire in the old-fashioned ist-he always referred to himself as " an on a thin, rollable base and thus stove, and generally getting it ship- amateur photographer"-Mr. Eastman spent remove the need for weighty, break- shape for the day's business. much of his spare time in this room, his darkroom, and his experimental laboratory able plates? The first germ of present- day photography had been born in He Takes Up Photography dark tent with his silver and collodion George Eastman's brain... After about a year in the real- and other paraphernalia. estate office, he transferred to the There were some who before this A Company Under Way insurance firm of Buell and Hayden; had dabbled in amateur photography. During the middle '80's, a young and in 1874 he got a position as George Eastman never dabbled in Rochester company, the Eastman bookkeeper with the Rochester Sav- anything. He began to make a Dry Plate Company (Strong & East- ings Bank. Some years later, while thorough study of photography; he man, Proprietors) was building up a planning a vacation trip, a friend read all the books on the subject that growing trade in photographic plates, suggested to him that he take some were to be had, and he subscribed to papers, and paper negatives. Roll photographs of his outing. the leading photographic publication holders and cameras and their acces- The idea appealed to him. He of the time. sories became part of the line. A knew nothing about photography, but His mother's kitchen became the branch was established in London. he paid a photographer five dollars first Eastman research laboratory. The future looked promising. to initiate him into its mysteries. In it, he delved deeper into the But why a roll holder as an acces- When vacation time came, the ardent mysteries of photography, experi- sory to the camera? Could not the young amateur spent many hours of mented, and planned-and all this whole outfit be self-contained, a each day on Mackinac Island in a at night, in his "leisure" hours. Work compact unit with which anybody Page 2 K 0 D A K

attention, and all his zeal would turn Memorable Meeting at Kodak into that new channel. Whatever made photography more useful interested him. He was in- terested, of course, in the millions of miles of motion-picture films that were turned out; in the millions of Kodaks and Brownies that were made; in the development of the whole new idea of home motion pic- tures; the opening of new markets far afield. But he was interested, too, in making half a dozen special plates for a firmament-exploring astronomer or in the production of an unusual chemical for some obscure research worker. New System, New Industry Thus, the youth who zealously undertook to make photography simpler introduced an entire new system and a new industry. From the pots and pans in his mother's kitchen George Eastman and Thomas A . Edison at Mr. Eastman's home on July 30th, 1928, when the - all kept in order, you may be inventor of the motion-picture camera was one of a distinguished group of scientists, inven- assured- came the great company tors, educators, and business leaders which viewed the first showing of Kodacolor. Reali- that he so skilfully guided. More zation of a long-cherished Eastman dream , the Kodacolor process enabled amateur movie-makers to take color pictures. Further research replaced Kodacolor with Kodachrome in 1935, intro- than all that, he made photography duced new thousands of amateurs the world over to the joys of home movies in full natural color of infinite use and pleasure to the world. George Eastman's most outstanding could take pictures? Why not so It was a system that gave the characteristic was--next to honesty simplify photography that picture- amateur the delights of picture-taking - thoroughness. One of his maxims taking could easily become a um- with no annoying details to bother was: "What we do in our working versal pastime? him. The slogan that offered this hours determines what we have; These were the problems that system-"You press the button, we what we do in our play hours de- George Eastman tackled. And in 1888 do the rest"- fiashed round the tennines what we are." the world was in possession of his world, was paraphrased everywhere. It was living up to that ideal that most famous product, the Kodak. He Improved, Invented made him what he was- and made The original model was a little the world a happier place for millions. oblong black box. It made a round George Eastman found photog- picture 2Yz inches in diameter, and raphy a difficult, baffling process- was sold ready loaded for 100 expo- a half century old, but still in its sures. It was fixed focus, and it had swaddling clothes. He made it a no finder-diagonal lines on the top world-wide habit. With his charac- showed the scope of the view. The teristic thoroughness, he improved shutter was set by pulling a string, every part of it he touched. He released by pressing a button. Time invented; he encouraged invention exposures were made with a felt cap among his employees; and he de- over the lens opening. The price, lighted in giving practical application loaded, was $25. to ideas good in themselves, but un- developed, which had been hit upon An Involved Process and then abandoned by others. Thus was picture-taking simplified In the working out of a new idea for the amateur. Picture-making, how- or process, he would give himself ever, was still an involved process. assiduously to it. For weeks, months, And so the development of the nega- he would live and breathe it. Nothing tives and the making of the prints were else would seem for the time being A picture taken with one of the early Kodaks done for him. When the hundredth to matter. Then when the problem at the entrance to the first Eastman building exposure was made, the amateur sent was worked out, when his associates by W. Ben Cline, for many years a member of the Advertising Department. Old-timers will his Kodak back to the factory, with had been imbued with his enthusiasm, recognize Miss Cora Spinning, Miss Minnie his check for $10. There the camera when the new idea was working, he Hoefler (hoisted aloft), and Martin Freidell was reloaded, the negatives developed, would seemingly forget it and turn (the hoister). Miss Hoefler is now Mrs. Cline. the prints made; and all were re- in a twinkling to some other phase of Mr. Cline took the photograph of Mr. Eastman turned to the sender in a neat package. his great enterprise that needed his that appears on the first page of this issue K 0 D A K Page 3 The Oldest Stockholder; Oldest Employee Presentins: Georse Halford Company were spent in the Finishing Clark and Fit:z Henry Boyer Room running the burmsher. This contrivance looked like a clothes HE's AN ALERT, wiry-looking man wringer, the cylinders being of steel whose twinkling eyes bespeak a keen and heated by steam. Several turns sense of humor. He loves sailing- through it gave photographic prints photographs of boats adorn the walls a highly polished appearance. of his office-and admits to a more He spent a further three years than average proficiency on the golf toning prints-a job done with a course. His favorite topic is-Kodak. solution of chloride of gold-and George Halford Clark was just then in 1896, he went to Kodak twenty years old when Mr. Eastman Park where he mixed the film emul- went into business for himself a few sion supply of the Company. Eight days before Thanksgiving, 1880.. . He hundred pounds was the daily output is now the last of the fourteen ongmal at that time and Mr. Boyer mixed stockholders in the Company. "Up the entire supply. Production has to about 1895," he says, "some of us gone up since-it's now about sixty were uncertain about its future. But thousand pounds a day. Mr. Eastman always seemed to have "Yes, things have changed .a good plenty of confidence." deal since my first years with the Mr. Clark's father, Brackett H. Company," Mr. Boyer agrees: One Clark was a director and secretary of George H. Clark, oldest stockholder and a of his duties, he recalls, was to msure the Eastman Dry Plate and Film director of the Company, examines one of adequate refrigeration in his depart- Company. It was he who, in August, the first Kodaks produced fifty years ago ment-to maintain an even tempera- ture in the toning bath. Twenty or 1890, began to purchase the Boule- of staves for barrels at the age of vard Farms in Greece on behalf of the thirty pounds of ice a day did the sixteen. Afterwards he organized the trick. He carried it in pails to the Company. That land is now known Cochrane Bly Company, makers of as Kodak Park, which, incidentally, finishing room atop the original four- machine tools. He is now president story building. . has since expanded from ten acres to of that company. Mr. Clark was four hundred. ''The first thing they The average time taken to deal with elected a director of the Eastman an order for the developing and print- did at Kodak Park," says Mr. Clark, Kodak Company in 1921. "was to sink a well to supply the ing of a roll of film was ten days. If factory needs. The Company thought the sun chose to hide, the printing Forty-Nine Years at Kodak might take weeks. . that well would be ample for their KoDAK's oldest employee, from the purposes- a slight miscalculation." Working hours were considerably service viewpoint, is Fitz Henry longer when Mr. Boyer joined the Another happy "miscalculation" Boyer of Building 36, Kodak Park. (Continued on page attended Mr. Eastman's purchase of Mr. Boyer entered the Company's the Company's first power plant- employ on May 9th, 1889-a year a secondhand, 2-horsepower steam after the Kodak was invented. engine-for the first factory. He "I came to Rochester in the fall worried because It was twice the of 1888 to attend the Rochester capacity needed for his purpose. But Busmess. ' U mvers . i"t y, " h e says. "I he decided to take a chance that m was unable to land anything in the time his business would grow large business line so I answered an ad- enough to use the extra horsepower. vertisement in the paper for a boy An amateur photographer of long to run a burnishing machine. I knew standing-ever since the Kodak was nothing about burnishers, but I got introduced in June, 1888, to be pre- the job." cise-Mr. Clark likes to recall two Mr. Boyer's first four years with photographic expeditions in partic- the Eastman Dry Plate and Film ular. The first was when, in 1892, accompanied by Milton Punnett, later head of the Company's powder and solution department, he toured Europe "snapping everybody and everything within sight." The second was in 1928, shortly before the first color film was put on the market, when with Mrs. Clark, Paul Favour, of the Kodak Office, and Mrs. Favour, he made a picture-taking tour of Bermuda. "We had five • cameras, movie and 'still,' " he says, "and we got some wonderful color pictures." Born in Rochester, Mr. Clark joined his father in the manufacture Kodak 's oldest employee, from the point of service, is Fitz Henry Boyer, of Kodak Park Page 4 K 0 D A K

Back in 1888 "Speaking of reciprocity, Mr. Depew Mr. Bharadwaj said, among other things referring to RANDOM GLEANINGS from newspapers, needed legislation:- FROM Mr. C. E. Noble, of Kodak periodicals, and letters of t he year " 'With the control we already House, Bombay, India, comes a copy 1888 reveal:- possess of the markets of E urope in of the P anjab Camera, official organ of That telegraphic messages from breadstuffs and provisions, we can t he Panj ab Photographic Society Boston to New York had to be sent relegate the burning question of th of Lahore, which contains a brief via London- a total of 6,000 miles pig and his international rights to biography of R. R. Bharadwaj, under ocean- during the great bliz- the realm of diplomacy if wise legis- E astman Medal winner in t he Twelfth zard (March 11th to March 14th) .. .. lation by Congress will give to the Salon. That the Panama Canal was under American merchant the opportunity A professional demonstrator for construction, by French engineers. to carry the product of the American Kodak Limited in Bombay since . . . That Kodak's first annual picnic farm to the republics of South and 1934, Mr. Bharadwaj turned from was held- at Seneca Point.... That Central America. painting to photography fourteen women wore black stockings and " 'As merchants and bankers and years ago. "During the first years consternation was caused by the business men, we say to Congress in Bharadwaj worked intensively on news that "hip drapery will be done the language which advertises that Moghul building," says the article. away with, on account of the new most universal production of our "Every fort, palace, mosque, pillar, basque waist , and bustles must go. " institutions, the Kodak : " You press dome, and carving near Lahore was . . . That a bridge across the English the button, we do the rest." ' " photographed by him . .. under t he Channel was proposed (and who will And, at about the same time, the encouraging eye of the great master second the motion?) . .. . That plati- Norristown H erald offered t his titbit. [Chagtai, renowned Indian photog- num was found in the sun by two "Original packages in the shape of a rapher]. Later, he joined the Archaeo- Harvard University professors . ... Kodak, holding about a quart, are logical Survey of India and photo- That the King of the Belgians sent seen in prohibition towns. When a graphed Hindu and Buddhist monu- a locomotive and a Pullman car to man, armed with one of these instru- ments .. . . He has done portraits and the Sultan of Morocco- overlooking ments, asks a friend if he wants to be architecture since the beginning but somehow or other the fact that there 'taken,' he never gets a negative. He his favorite subject is pictorial land- was no railroad there. . . . That bran simply presses the button and the scape. Though he has used every bags for t he bath were becoming the friend does the rest." kind of camera his personal work is vogue. . . . That Rochester got two done with small negatives .. .. He is, new bridges, on Elmwood A venue by common consent, the most ad- and Plymouth Avenue .. . . That a Outcast vanced worker in our Association .. . . " system of hot-water distribution was FRoM BALTIMORE, a Kodak Office em- Mr. Bharadwaj's picture, which introduced in Boston .... That the ployee who- despite our most ardent brought the Eastman Medal to India adding machine made its bow .... entreaties- prefers to bask in pleas- for the first time, appeared in April. That a reduction of postal rates was ant anonymity, brings back this advocated because there was a large moving story of a tiny friend of a Conscience Letter surplus in the treasury and it was friend of his. felt that the post-offi ce business of Seems that four-year-old Mary AN UNUSUAL LETTER, sent by a the country need not be made self- was given to dropping a few cuss gentleman in the Canal Zone to the supporting. . . . And that the popu- words- good, solid , honest-to-good- Company, was brought to our atten- lation of Rochester was 125,000. ness ones- now and again. One day, tion recently. It ran:- after she had really hotted up the "Some sixteen or eighteen years atmosphere quite a bit, her mother ago when I was a kid in Ennis, Texas, Popular Phrase I sent you an old box camera to be FEW ADVERTISING PHRASES, judging said, "Mary, if this goes on, you must leave home." repaired ; you replied that the camera from our records of the "Gay Nine- was not worth repairing, and re- ties," caught the popular fancy so It went on. So Mary's mother turned it to me together with a bill strongly as our own, "You press the packed Mary's very own little suit- for something like twenty or twenty- button, we do the rest ." It was heard case and Mary went away- away five cents to cover the amount you on the street, in restaurants and clubs, down to the front gate, where she paid for return postage. at the theater- everywhere. States- sat on the suitcase, pondering her "Although you have probably men paraphrased it, comic papers next move. scratched the debt off of your books burlesqued it, and it was often used The neighborhood police officer many years ago , I enclose post- with effec to point a moral or to happened along. "Hello, Mary," he offi ce money order, your favor, in the adorn a tale. greeted her. "Something wrong?" sum of seventy-two cents (72c) . As "Chauncey M. Depew [noted after- Mary just shook her head and went nearly as I can figure it, this covers dinner speaker of his day], in a great on with her brooding. principal and interest on twenty-five speech before the New York Chamber "Well," ventured the officer after cents (25c) for eighteen years, interest of Commerce, made one of his most a careful pause, " how's your dad?" at 6% compounded annually." telling hits by aptly quoting Mr. This time Mary was stirred to a We have reproduced or quoted from Eastman's aphorism," says Harper's reply. "Damned if I know," she said. letters before on this page, with com- Magazine Advertiser of June, 1891. "I don't live in our house any more." ment. That letter speaks for itself. K 0 D A K Page 5

Take a Trip Through Kodak Tracts Kodak Milestones A Visitor's Impression and A 1880---Dry Plates 1884--Paper roll film Brief Survey of the Company's Stripping film Housins Projects in Rochester 1885- Machine for coating emulsion on paper "WE MovE THE EARTH" said a 1888- First Kodak slogan on the bonnet of an excavating 1889-First transparent roll film on company's truck that stood outside nitrocellulose the Meadowbrook tract office. 1890- F irst folding Kodak "When my tour of the tract was 1891- Daylight loading over, I wanted to move-into this 1892- Solio Paper pleasant community. 1895- First Pocket Kodak "The tract office itself might easily 1896-Motion Picture Positive Film be a charming bachelor cottage. In 1898- First Folding Pocket Kodak English style, and standing on its 1899 - Roll coating machine own landscaped plot, it blended per- 1900---Brownie Camera fectly with its surroundings. 1902- Daylight Developing Machine "But the most striking thing to me A typical Kodak home on the Koda-Vista tract about this beautiful residential sec- 1903- Non-Curling Film and Rowlands housing developments. 1904-Improved Daylight Developing tion was its 'heart-of-the-country' The Rowlands and Ardmore tracts Machine appeal. Looking out from one of the are now completely occupied, but lots houses over acres of pasturage, it was 1905-Duplex Paper are still available in the others. Be- 1909- Cellulose Acetate Film for motion difficult to realize that the center of sides, the corporation has several pictures downtown Rochester was only fifteen houses for sale in Meadowbrook. The 1913-Wratten Panchromatic Plates and minutes away by automobile." price of homes built by the corpora- Light Filters Many visitors come each year to tion represents the lowest possible Eastman Portrait Film see the Company's housing tracts. A Panchromatic Motion Picture cost for sound construction- and is Film recent visitor's reactions are above. made possible because of group build- Autographic Film and Camera Kodak's housing projects in Roch- ing and the purchase of materials in 1914-X-ray Film ester date from 1921, when shortage large lots. The unusually attractive 1923- X-ray Intensifying Screen of houses was becoming so acute that appearance of the tracts is a direct Cine-Kodak and Kodascope employees had difficulty in finding result of careful planning. Long be- 1925-8pring-Driven Cine-Kodak suitable places to live. The Company fore a new street is opened, it is Infrared Motion Picture Nega- undertook to build houses, and the planned, house by house, by the tive Film Kodak Employees Realty Corpora- architects, working under the direc- 1928- First amateur motion pictures in tion was formed to handle building. color- Kodacolor tion of Harry D. Haight, industrial- Recordak Since the formation of this cor- relations manager of the Company. 1931- Super Sensitive Panchromatic poration, nearly five hundred houses While lots are sold to individual Film have been erected on the Company's building contractors, they work under 1932- Cine-Kodak Eight five tracts. First built was a group Kodak direction, with plans fully 1935- Kodachrome, 16-millimeter of six houses on Rand Street. Ground approved by the Company. 1936- Kodachrome, 8-millimeter; and was broken for the Bonesteel tract William R. Challice, of the Kodak for miniature cameras in 1924. Then came, in order, the Office, is in charge of the Realty 1938-Sound Kodascope Special Ardmore, Koda-Vista, Meadowbrook, Corporation's housing department.

One of the many pleasant streets at Meadowbrook. Houses on the Company's tracts are carefully planned, each in relation to its neighbor P a 9 e 6 K 0 D A K

Advertising's Part in Kodak Progress It Helps to Reduce the Cost for quality and cost control. On the Of Manufacture and Increase distribution departments lies the re- (SEPTE M BER 29, 1888. sponsibility for finding an outlet for Opportunities for Employment the goods. In the long run good ad- vertising cannot sell a poor product, LARGE-SCALE manufacture, invention, JHE KODAK CAMERA nor can a good product be sold in 100 and research have played their parts larger quantities without advertising. in the steadily rising standard of Instantaneous living of the American people in the The comment, rightly or wrongly Pictures! attributed to Emerson, that ran, in last century. T he luxuries of a gener- A nybody can \Jse it. effect, "if a man builds a better No knowledge .of ation ago have become commonplace, photog r aphy Is and there are available today a vast mousetrap, the world will beat a path ~---_....-necessary. to his door," should be somewhat The ate t and number of articles which were un- best out fit for ama- known within the memory of most of modified. A path may be beaten, but teurs. unless a good many people are told Send for descrip- us-the automobile, the electric re- P rice S25.00. tive circulars. frigerator, and the radio, to mention about the mousetrap, the path is not only a few. likely to become a paved road. The Eastman Dry Plate & Film Co. Together with manufacturing de- One of the first letters that Mr. velopment, however, has had to go Eastman wrote after he established This is the Arst Kodak advertisement ever sales development. Each has made his business read, in part: "As soon published. It appeared in the Scientific the other possible. Without methods as details of mfg. [manufacturing] American, from which it is reproduced here of bringing the manufactured product are fully systematized, I shall ad- to the attention of the customer, vertise extensively . ..." Extensive ters of the alphabet. Mr. Eastman large-scale manufacture, with its im- advertising-as well as selling by wanted a word easily spelled and proved quality and lower cost, would demonstration-was, indeed, one of readily pronounced in any tongue:- have been impossible. The goods, the fo ur fundamental principles upon "The letter 'K' had been a favorite when manufactured, must be sold. which he founded this industry. with me," he said, in an interview, In this development, advertising has And when the Kodak was invented, some years ago. "It seemed a strong, been most important. By bringing to fifty years ago, Mr. Eastman gave incisive sort of letter. Therefore, the the public a knowledge of a good the world the advertising slogan, word I wanted had to start with 'K.' product, the demand for it has been "You press the button, we do the Then, it became a question of trying increased, and increasing opportuni- rest." Eight years later, the word, out a great combination of letters ties for employment in the manu- "Kodak," was known and under- that made words starting and ending facture of the product have resulted. stood throughout the civilized world. with 'K.' The word, 'Kodak,' is the On the manufacturing departments The word was devised only after result." of a business rests the responsibility arduous experimenting with the let- "It is the judgment of not a few advertising men that it was George Eastman's pressure on a button in the 'electric '90's' that brought high- powered advertising into action, to the enormous benefit of industry," writes Frank Presbrey in The His- tory and Development of Advertising. "Cameras had been advertised in a small way in the magazines for four or five years when the first Kodak advertisements appeared in the Scien- tific American and the Century Maga- zine in 1888, illustrated with line cuts [half tones were scarce in those days] of the Kodak. Then, in 1889, came the famous phrase, 'You press the button, we do the rest.' "Experience of the Eastman Kodak Company with its trade name and phrases was of much value to adver- tising men in suggestion of caution on the turns which coined names and slogans are liable to take and how to provide against deflections from the A Shot wi th the Kodak. course. When Kodak began to use half-tone outdoor scenes as illustra- tions in its advertising, it also began Kodak advertisements like this were the order of the day before the half-tone process arrived (Continued on page 14)

Page 8 K 0 D A K Pictures from the Annual Spring Exhibiti

Two hundred and twenty-nine prints were hung in the Seventeenth Annual three sections-Advanced, Beginners, and Color-as well as the prize-win· Spring Exhibition of the Kodak Camera Club of Rochester. The pictures ning group of three pictures in the James H. C. Evanoff Trophy Compe reproduced on these two pages include prize winners in the competition's tition. Prints were judged on the basis of pictorial merit, photographic

"Sphinx" "Milkweed Seed"

"Benediction"

"Mountain View"

"Das Madchen" "Mugs"

The Evanoff Trophy went to Chester pictures, "Cherry Blossoms," "Curves," captured first prize in the Advanced Second prize in Advanced: "Man's F Koerner, of the Research Laboratories: Kodak Park, took third prize. . . . William H. DeWitt, of Kodak Park; s of the Kodak Office; third, "No Title, Certificates in the Evanoff Competition by Ronald E. Karley, of Camera Work cate in Advanced for H . Lou Gibso1 Beginners went to "Seascape," by A "Mountain View," by William W . Eato was entered by Walter B. Marshall, of entry of Thomas H. Miller, of the Kodak Vokes, of Hawk-Eye, was most popu Competition went to Thomas H. Millet Classics." Second, to Alexander G . National Park." Mr. Clair also receivedd Mr. Miller received one for "He He this section went to George Ehrenfried, Competition for the James H. C. Evans ployees of Kodak in Rochester. A med, K 0 D A K P a e 9 on of the Kodak Camera Club of Rochester

technique, and general appearance; and the entries in all the sections were lvar N. Hultman, assistant to the manager of Kodak Park, distributed the well up to the standards set in previous competitions. The judges were: prizes. Additional pictures appear on the inside front and back covers. Walter S. Meyers, Paul W . Davis, and Harold Bishop, all of Rochester. A traveling exhibit will be selected from prints entered in the competition

"Curves"

" Cherry Blossoms" " Man's Pattern Against the Sky"

" Sun 's Pathway"

"No Title" "Jitter Bugs"

Wheeler, of Kodak Park, for his three "Sun 's Pathway." Mr. Wheeler also petition with "Cherry Blossoms." . . . rn Against the Sky," by Allen M . Benediction," by Ernest R. Taylor, in Beginners was "Silhouette," by 1d, "Pretzel," by Warren K. Colby, "Seascape 11 y Carl Fuhrman, of Kodak Park .. .. to " Sphinx," and " Milkweed Seed," . . " Autumn Chords," took a certifi- f Camera Works .. .. Certificates in J. Pa rker, of Kodak Park, and to f the Kodak Office . . .. " Jitter Bugs" ,k Park; and " Das Madchen," was an fice . .. . " Mugs," sent by H. Wesley picture .. . . First prize in the Color the Kodak Office, for his "Modern of the Kodak Office, for his "Zion certificate for " Grand Canyon," and the Parade." Another certificate in :odak Park, for his "Columbine." . .. 'rophy is open each year to all em- to the winner as permanent award Page 10 K 0 D A K

fifty Years After Right in our own homes there are probably dozens of potential accident causes. But we get so used to IN JuNE, 1888, when the first Kodak was put on the hazards that we don't see them until something happens. market, there was no Kodak Park, no Camera Works, A very small percentage of accidents are really "acci- no Hawk-Eye, no Eastman Kodak Stores, no branches- dental." Most of them are due to carelessness and in fact, no Eastman Kodak Company. neglect. The Kodak was introduced by the Eastman Dry Factory inspectors and safety engineers regularly Plate and Film Company (which later became the inspect industrial plants and see that nothing is left to Eastman Company, and finally, in 1892, the Eastman chance. That is one of the reasons why occupational Kodak Company). Factory and office were contained in accidents have been so greatly reduced over a period a single four-story building. Mr. Eastman conducted of years. practically all the correspondence of the company in Why not play safe and give your home a thorough, his own handwriting. room-by-room check-up for unsafe conditions? Today, only fifty years later, the Eastman Kodak Company is a world-wide organization, employing "You Press the ... " 39,700 men and women in thirteen factories and a network of branches, stores, and processing stations. THE PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN of 1896 was the first to One of the strongest characteristics of the founder feature buttons. Two million, bearing a likeness of of this Company was his appreciation of the part played Bryan and the words, "Sixteen to one," were put out by Kodak employees in its growth and success. Ten years by the Democrats. The Re- after the Kodak was invented, he gave each employee publicans came back with an outright gift, based on wages and length of service. buttons saying, " I Am for This was fourteen years before he instituted the wage- McKinley. Are YOU?" dividend plan, twenty years before the distribution You know who won, of of stock. course, but that is not the But Mr. Eastman's interest in his "fellow employees," point. It just happens that as he always termed the men and women of this organi- in the year named the Com- zation, was not expressed by monetary acknowledge- pany distributed the button ments alone. "Long before social welfare, job and reproduced right beside these old age security, shorter working hours, and the use of words- to advertise the pocket Kodak-and we're leisure became political issues, he endeavored to solve putty when it comes to coincidences. Every Kodak them in the orbit of his contacts," said Dean Carl W. employee sported one, and many carried a few "extras" Ackerman, of the Graduate School of Journalism of in their pockets for besieging children. It was the height Columbia University. of the button-wearing craze and thousands were sent to We have quoted Mr. Ackerman's words before on all parts of the country. this page. Seen through our fifty-years-after perspective, they take on a newer significance. For we can point with People and Events pride to the fact that the broad industrial-relations policy of our Company truly reflects the hopes and OvERSEAS VISITORS to Rochester are Edgar Rouse dreams of the pioneer. and H. A. Beauchamp, managing directors of Kodak Australasia and Kodak New Zealand, respectively, and Henry Shaw, assistant-manager of Kodak Argentina. Many-and Costly This is Mr. Beauchamp's first visit, but Mr. Rouse was AcciDENTS in the home during 1937 caused the deaths here nine and a half years ago. Mr. Shaw is rounding of 32,000 persons. This is almost double the number out eleven years in our export field .... Our congratula- of deaths from occupational accidents during the same tions to William P. Lane, manager of Kodak Philippines, period. Home accidents permanently disabled 140,000, Manila, who made a hole-in-one while playing on the almost 30 per cent more than did motor vehicle acci- Country Club course at Baguio recently. "At a distance dents, and temporarily disabled nearly four times as of 197 yards," says a newspaper clipping, "he drove the many, reports show. ball to the lOth hole, landing 15 feet from the cup and The cost of accidents in the home resulting in personal rolling straight into the hole." We're making a roundup injury or death is estimated to have been $600,000,000 of Kodak hole-in-oners-have a pretty hefty list on during last year; loss in wages alone accounted for hand even at this writing, as a matter of fact-and $440,000,000 of this huge sum according to estimates. hope to present a golfing roll of honor next issue. K 0 D A K Page 11 Highlights of Kodak International Exhibit Prints from Nineteen Different Countries in Review on the Road VIEWED by approximately 100,000 persons during its tour of sixteen cities in the United States and Canada, the Kodak International Exhibit for 1938 was an unqualified success. Planned primarily to aid and in- spire the amateur photographer the exhibit, which included many prints by Kodak employees, reflected the latest developments in amateur pho- tography and photo equipment. Two hundred prints were selected from more than a thousand submitted by picture-takers in nineteen different countries. First stop on the exhibit's tour was at Rockefeller Center, where it hung in the International Building for nine days. Three-day showings were held in each of the other cities except Chicago, where it was viewed for five days. Visitors' choice: "Clovelly," by Don McMaster, of Harrow, England, was voted the most In addition to the prints them- popular print in the Kodak International Exhibit for 1938. Clovelly is a picturesque selves, also displayed were many fishing village in Devonshire. Its old-fashioned cottages perch on the sides of a rocky of the new materials that help to cleft in the north coast, and its main street, which resembles a staircase, descends 400 make them possible. Kodachrome feet to the pier so steeply that wheeled traffic is impossible. Thick woods shelter the was shown in both "still" and motion village on three sides. Clovelly is described by Dickens in A Message from the Sea pictures; and fu ll color transpar- encies, color prints on paper by the Demonstrations of the Sound Koda- their vote for the most popular print Eastman Wash-Off Relief Process, scope Special were another feature. in the exhibit. This proved to be and black-and-white prints made Visitors to the exhibit received '' Clovelly, ''which is reproduced above. from Kodachrome, were also included. ballots and were invited to record " Inside the Ice Cave" was runner-up.

Activities Calendar June 11-Camera Club cottage open- ing; 888 Edgemere Drive, Island Cottage June 18--Camera Works golf tourna- ment for men, at Churchville June 18--Camera Club open house and beach party, at the cottage June 25- Camera Works annual picnic, at Seneca Park June 29-Camera Club card party, at the cottage July 2-8oftball: Kodak Park vs. Briggs Body Company, Detroit, at Kodak Park July 8--K. P . A. A. general outdoor smoker, on the athletic field July 9- Camera Club beach party July I3- Camera Club card party, at the cottage July 16--Hawk-Eye annual picnic, at Powder Mill Park July 23-Camera Club beach party Early August-Hawk-Eye golf tourna- ment for men, at Churchville " Inside the Ice Cave": this print, by Rex Benedict, of Eastman Kodak Stores, Seattle, was runner-up to "Clovelly" in the voting by exhibit visitors for most popular picture Page 12 K 0 D A K

Cartoonist does at least one illustration for every novel that takes his fancy. To THE EARTH from the planet called Photography is anothe.r Hushla Tondar, several million light-years hobby. He intends to combme 1t with distant came the Mighty Tytan. his drawing and do a series of ani- Embodying every human quality, mated cartoons. both good and evil, and of infinitely Mr. Hushla finds time for swim- he superior intelligence to man, has ming, too. He holds the city a.nd continued to influence the destmy of sectional swimming champwnshtps the world since his arrival many for all distances from two hundred thousand years ago. yards to three miles. To date, he has It is the Mighty Tytan who con- won sixty medals, five cups, and ceived such gigantic projects as, for three trophies. example, the pyramids of Egypt and directed their building. It is he who, Sailor when the waters of the earth are dry- "THERE ARE five miles of corridors ing up and men are fighting furiously in the dormitories at Annapolis. . . . for possession of that precious hqmd, 'Anchors Aweigh,' the Annapolis will solve the crisis. song, is sung on two occasions only- Only one man in the world knows at graduation and whenever Navy the Mighty Tytan intimately- loses a football game . . . . The mess Frederick Hushla, of Hawk-Eye. hall is one of the largest in the Frederick J. Kirch: he still follows Mr. Hushla is a cartoonist in his spare world .... Every year, midshipmen time and the Mighty Tytan plays the wager about a thousand bathrobes at ten- the bugle calls are trans- chief role in a serial that he has been against West Point men on the result mitted by bell signals through the working on for the past three years. of the Army-Navy game .... Before maze of corridors- every minute in "I've always been fond of history examinations, handfuls of pennies are the middy's day is a busy one. Drills, and drawing," Mr. Hushla says, tossed at Tecumseh, God of the Pass- classes, athletics, and study-they're "and the Mighty Tytan keeps me ing Mark.... " the reasons why the Regiment of busy at both." As an artist, he's Frederick J. Kirch is, in response Midshipmen rates second to none. entirely self taught, except for a to our request, telling us plenty .of It's six years since Mr. Kirch fol- correspondence course he subscribed interesting things about Annapolis, lowed another good Annapolis tradi- for recently. A voracious reader, he but we'll stop him right there. tion and with the rest of his class, Tecumseh? "To visitors, just an in- threw his cap into the air to signify teresting bronze replica of an old that technically he was no longer a ship's figurehead, in the form of an middy; but he still follows the sea. Indian chief," he replys. "But to a He is an ensign in the Naval Reserve midshipman who doubts his ability to and the commanding officer of his get even a passing mark in an exam- division in Rochester. The division well, can you blame a sailor for being has more men from Kodak than from a bit superstitious and following a any other single industry in the city, good old custom?" . he reports. Life at the Naval Academy ts marked by rigid discipline. From Old-Timer reveille at a quarter past six to taps HE HASN'T A DROP of Irish blood in his veins but no Irishman the world over 'celebrated St. Patrick's Day more enthusiastically than Henry J. Lindhorst, of Building 36, Kodak Park. For him, March 17th marked the completion of fifty years in the manufacture of photographic plates. Mr. Lindhorst left school at four- teen and went to work for the Seed Dry Plate Company in St. Louis. His first job was in the washing room where he recalls with a trace of a sigh, there were fourteen girls wash- ing plates by hand. "Coating was done by hand, too," he recalls, "and when the coating Frederick Hushla: the Mighty T ytan plays the chief role machine came along I remember say- K 0 D A K Page 13 ing 'It will never do it.' But many a M a r k e t man said the same thing about the Day in Erongaricuaro automobile and I've stopped blushing over that piece of wisdom long since. The largest plates I've ever seen, by the way, were seven we made for a Chicago evangelist. Each plate was five feet by seven. I had to examine them before they were shipped, and it was some job." Mr. Lindhorst doesn't know why the plates had to be that size. But he's used to dealing with unusual requests. Now and again, for in- stance, someone asks to have dishes sensitized. So far, such orders have not been fi lled. But to get back to plates, Mr. Lindhorst has also handled them small: some of those made at the Park are only three quarters of an inch by an inch and a quarter. The Seed Company was taken over by Kodak in 1902 and nine years later, when operations of the St. Louis plant were transferred to Roch- Mexico has been called the " Egypt of the Americas" because of the many remains of ancient ester, Mr. Lindhorst came to Kodak civilizations that invest the country with a peculiar charm. No less compelling are the Park. A foreman in the P late Emul- customs of its people. This photograph was taken by Miss Helen Williams of the Kodak Office, sion Department since 1914, he is on market day in one of the Tarascan Indian villages which dot the shores of Lake very proud of the fact that for the Patzcuaro, in the state of Michoacan. No money changed hands at the market, dried fish , as an past twelve years he has weighed all example, being bartered for vegetables, wood, and fruit. Tarascan Indians are very devout the silver and chemicals used in his department. "A swell Company to work for" is Miscellaneous Notes members who are unable to keep in this veteran plate maker's description complete touch with fashion trends of Kodak. "I remember getting a bad Being extracts from "Notes from the and yet to whom even a four-colored attack of homesickness back in my Current Mail," a weekly bulletin of process print is not adequate. early days at the Park, but a chat pertinent information from periodicals, This was done in the nature of an with Mr. Stuber cured it and I'll issued by the Business Library at the experiment this year and has been so always be grateful to him for his Kodak Office: - successful that it will be put into motion pictures next year and will sound advice." THE POPULATION of the United States Mr. Lindhorst is, as he puts it, on July 1st, 1937, was 129,257,000, include shop layout, shop manage- "well represented at Kodak." Two according to a recent preliminary ment, and store appearance, accord- of his three daughters and hi s son are estimate by the Bureau of the Census. ing to Mr. Livesey. (DNR) employees of the Company. This estimate represents an increase of 828,000, or six-tenths of one per cent, over the 1936 estimate of Satisfying the American public's 128,429,000. It is based on the num- taste for pictorial treatment of news, ber of births and deaths during the the daily press has increased its use year ended June 30th, 1937, and the of pictures 40 per cent since 1931, a excess of immigration over emigra- study of 30 metropolitan newspapers tion. The excess of births over deaths reveals. (Editor and Publisher) (including an allowance for under- registration in both cases) was 817,684; the net immigration was Oldest Employee 10,504. (Domestic Commerce) (Continued from po.ge 3) Company. "I put in ten hours a day, six days a week," he says. "We A major accomplishment of the started at seven and finished at six." year in men's wear, according to H. B. Mr. Boyer was made foreman of Livesey, Jr., executive secretary of the Emulsion Making Department in the National Association of Merchant 1900. Twelve years later, he was Tailors of America, is the introduc- appointed assistant to Charles F. tion of the new "Kodachrome" proc- Hutchison. In 1914, he was named ess in transparencies and the sending superintendent of the Film Emulsion of a projection machine with t he Department; and he has been super- transparencies to the far-flung sec- intendent of the Plate Emulsion Henry J. Lindhorst: he's well represented tions of the country for the benefit of Department for the past eight years. Pa g e 1 4 K 0 D A K

'Way back, when the his own developing, the 'we do the old horse and buggy rest' was giving the impression that was on its way out, it was still necessary to send the negatives to the Eastman Company and when milady took for development." less chance of taking In the same way, introduction of a chill than she does new and improved products today nowadays(remember?), often requires giving the consumer, through our advertising, an explana- Kodak was increasing tion of their advantages and how to both photographic use them. For example, when the interest and the sales discovery of new sensitizing dyes by our Research Laboratories resulted in volume with up-to-the- the production of faster film that minute advertisements. enabled the making of snapshots in- "When Kodak began to doors by artificial light, and outdoors without sunshine, special advertising use half-tone outdoor campaigns told the story and thus scenes as illustrations created an immediate market. And in its advertising, it again, when Kodachrome was in- troduced, Eastman advertisements also began to teach ad- stressed that at last, in contrast to vertising men effective previous processes, the color was in use of the photograph the film. and to contribute to Bringing to the attention of the consumer the varied possibilities in the development of the the use of the product is indeed an artistic in advertising," important feature of modern adver- wrote one of the most tising, Eastman and other. Take our Take a many "campaigns":- famous advertising men Sequence advertisements-stressing KODAK of his day On the story-telling possibilities in a pages six and seven single incident. appear other examples Romance advertisements- "They you. can't spend a lot on their honeymoon, of Kodak advertising, EASTMAN KODAK CO .. .R och est er. N. Y .. The City. but they can afford to keep it forever both past and present -in movies." Family ad vertisemen ts--"Child- Advertising's Part and plans the presentation of ideas hood, like Christmas, is gone before to increase the appeal of our products. (Continued from page 6 ) you know it; catch and hold those Two stuaios, "still" and motion pic- precious days." to teach advertising men effective ture, provide illustrations for many Kodak advertisements-" A Kodak use of the photograph and to contri- advertisements. An engraving de- says you're going somewhere." bute to the development of the artistic partment produces the printing plates. Cloudy-weather advertisements- in advertising ...." A space buyer selects publications to you don't need bright sunlight to take Examples of Eastman advertise- be used. good pictures. ments through the years appear on Then there are: a purchasing- and these pages. They are representative production-control division to deter- Juvenile advertisements-picture of the thousands that have been pre- mine sources of supply for printing taking is fun for the young folks. pared in the Advertising Depart- and lithography; a circulation section "Fan" advertisements- things to ment, Kodak Office, and read by which last year enclosed and mailed do with your camera. millions the world over. Advance more than 7,000,000 pieces; a print Amateur advertisements- better agents of our salesmen and dealers shop, which put nearly 18,000,000 pictures on Eastman film. everywhere, they have played an imprints on pieces distributed by Campaigns in the technical field important part in our company's dealers and photofinishers; and a include chemical, 35-millimeter mo- expansion. filing section, where, among other tion-picture, dental x-ray, drug trade, Factory wheels- at Kodak Park things, we have some 24,000 photo- medical x-ray, photographic maga- or elsewhere- hum only when their graphic negatives cataloged and stored. zines, Recordak, Kodascope Libraries, products are in demand. And that's While the main theme of all our and Tennessee Eastman (Rayon and where advertising steps in- or, rather, advertisements is designed to main- Tenite). leads the way by creating a market tain and increase interest in photog- The present large-scale production for the products. raphy, "new angles" are introduced of the Company has been expedited The Advertising Department is as from time to time. Abandonment of by its extensive and carefully planned varied as any in the Company. A the slogan, "You press the button, advertising. From the very beginning, staff of copy writers prepares adver- we do the rest," at the height of its advertising has helped to reduce the tisements; writes our booklets, cata- fame in the early '90's was, to quote cost of manufacture and to increase logs, and house organs (we publish Mr. Presbrey once more, "puzzling employment opportunities by helping ten); designs displays, signs, and until it was explained that, it having to provide the large sales volume fixtures for the stores and dealers; become easier for the amateur to do necessary for economical production. K 0 D A K Page 15 A Year's Roll of Retired Kodak Employees

Fred F. Gordon, Kodak Park George W . Gebhardt, Kodak Park Fred Roesser, Camera Works George W. Strutt, Kodak Park Robert C. Ruckoldt, Kodak Park

Joseph B. lves, Camera Works Mrs. M . Cherry, Kodak Park Michael J. Culhane, Kodak Park Mrs. R. Sheffield, Kodak Park Lewis Enderlin, Kodak Park

Volney A . Pettinger, Kodak Park Fred J . Bailey, Kodak Park Edward P. O'Brien, Kodak Park William F. Neitzel, Hawk-Eye John Royle, Kodak Park

Ralph Bartlett, Kodak Park George W. Haynes, Kodak Park Miss Emma Harris, Kodak Park Edwin Holt, Kodak Park Levi E. Morse, Kodak Park To Each, Congratulations and Good Wishes

On this page and the next appear the names and pictures of Kodak Andrew J. Kelley, John E. Shannon, Edward Bridgeman, and employees who have retired from the Company's service within the Wilson Campbell, all of Kodak Park. Miss Harriet E. Natt, past year. Numbering 47 in all, they have worked for the Company Miss Ella D. McGowan, and William I. Lansing, all of the Kodak in the three Rochester plants and the Kodak Office, the Medical Office; and Miss Alma M. Schlitzer, of the Camera Works. KODAK Division, the Eastman Kodak Stores in Los Angeles, and Taprell, congratulates our former colleagues on their completion of many Loomis & Company of Chicago. Portraits of the following persons fruitful years in the service of our company; and to each of them were not available as we went to press: Miss Frances E. Cowles, we send most sincere wishes for many and happy years of leisure Page 16 K 0 D A K Continuing Our Year's Enumeration of Kodak Employees Who Retired Within the Past Year After Long Service In Rochester, Elsewhere Frank E. Waring, Kodak Park William Fuhrman, Kodak Park William H . Pelling, Kodok Park

Otto Doehn, Medical Division Albert Schwab, L.A. Stores George H . Clark, Kodak Park Joseph Gleichauf, Kodak Park Ralph Bond, Kodak Pork

Fronk Fleming, Kodak Pork Miss Katharine Weber, Kodak Park Elmer J. Doty, Kodok Park Mrs. J. Ackroyd, Kodak Park Herbert Coombs, Kodak Park

Thomas Hardwick, Kodak Park Michael Schultz, Taprell Loomis Felix Fien, Camera Works Charlo• Newman, Kodak Park Walter Standing, Kodok Park

Census Records Eastman Kodak Company has de- graphed on a 100-foot roll of the film. signed two types of these cameras, one The projectors used to read the NEARLY a mile of shelving is now provided with a suction roller which film can be loaded in a few seconds, required to store the enormous ac- carries loose sheets under the lens and the projected page can be read cumulation of U. S. Census Bureau of the apparatus as rapidly as they in the undimmed light of the average data, totaling some 8,700,000 pages. can be fed down a sloping tray, the room. Each typed word is 50 per cent When photographic work now under sheets being filmed "on the move." larger than the original typing, but way is completed, the records will The second type photographs pages only one-fourth of the printed page be concentrated in 28 standard size in bound volumes, a carriage moving is projected at a time, new areas filing cabinets. The use of specially the large books back and forth auto- being brought into view as desired. designed cameras, which copy the matically to permit the successive The fact that inks of various colors records page by page on 35 mm. film, copying of facing pages. Up to 850 have been used . . . requires the has made the condensation possible. pages, newspaper size, can be photo- use of panchromatic film. (Camera) " Along the Potomac" : this picture, by John G . Hart, of the Kodak Office, received a certificate in the Beginners Competition of the Spring Exhibition of the Kodak Camera Club of Rochester. It was taken near Hagerstown, Maryland, with a Recomar 33 and Panatomic Film . Exposure : 1/50th at f.8

PRINTED IN U.S.A. AT KODA K PARK only a moment is needed to flick the camera button, giving you a snapshot that may become unbe- lievably precious. It is a short distance between years, as you measure it-but a long distance in the life and looks of any child. Don't wait. Snap them as they are today, as they will never be again ... the snap- shots you'll want Tomorrow, you must take Today.

Whether you're expcrt or inexperienced-- for day-in and day-out picture m,1king-use Kodak Verichrome Film for surer results. Double-coared by a special process-it takes care of reasonable exposure errors-increases your abiliry co get clear, satisfying piaures. Nothing else is "just as good." And certainly there is norhing better. Play safe. Use it always ... Accept nothing but the film in familiar yellow boX -Kodak Film-which only Eastman makes Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y.