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Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa (JIM) ISSN.2549-8363 Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Unsyiah Vol.4 No.3 Agustus 2019 : 264-272

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Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa (JIM) ISSN.2549-8363 Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Unsyiah Vol.4 No.3 Agustus 2019 : 264-272 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa (JIM) ISSN.2549-8363 Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Unsyiah Vol.4 No.3 Agustus 2019 : 264-272 PROFIL PENAMBANG EMAS DI KECAMATAN BEUTONG KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA Fitra Ramadi1*, Sofyan Syahnur2 1) Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Email [email protected] 2) Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Email [email protected] Abstract This study aims to determine the profile of gold miners in Beutong District, Nagan Raya District. The data used are Primary data obtained from observations and direct interviews. The sample used amounted to 75 people who work as miners and who live around the mining area. The data collection model is done by interview technique. The analysis used was qualitative descriptive. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the profile of gold producers in Beutong Subdistrict, Nagan Raya Regency was dominated by male workers, and from the education status of miners had an education status from non-school to undergraduate. The average education status of miners is high school graduates. Then the previous employment status of mining workers mostly worked as farmers and entrepreneurs. The results of this study are expected by the existence of mining activities in Beutong District can increase revenue and also from the other side the government is expected to make rules so that mining activities become environmentally friendly. Keywords: Profile, Gold Miner, Beutong District. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penambang emas di Kecamatan Beutong, Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Data yang digunakan adalah data Primer yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara langsung. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 75 orang masyarakat yang berprofesi sebagai penambang dan yang tinggal di sekitar area pertambangan. Model penumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara. Analisis yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa profil penmbang emas di Kecamatan Beutong Kabupaten Nagan Raya yaitu didominasi oleh pekerja laki-laki, dan dari status pendidikan pekerja tambang memiliki status pendidikan dari tidak sekolah hingga sarjana. Rata- rata status pendidikan pekerja tambang yaitu tamatan SMA. Kemudian status pekerjaan sebelumnya para pekerja tambang kebanyakan bekerja sebagai petani dan wiraswasta. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dengan adanya aktivitas penambangan di Kecamatan Beutong dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan juga dari sisi lain pemerintah diharapkan dapat membuat aturan sehingga aktivitas pertambangan menjadi ramah lingkungan. Kata Kunci : Profil, Penambang Emas, Kecamatan Beutong. 264 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa (JIM) ISSN.2549-8363 Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Unsyiah Vol.4 No.3 Agustus 2019 : 264-272 PENDAHULUAN Pembangunan suatu daerah selalu didasarkan kepada pemanfaatan suatu sumber daya alam. Makin banyak suatu daerah mempunyai sumber daya alam dan semakin efisien pemanfaatan sumber daya alam tersebut, makin baiklah harapan akan tercapainya keadaan kehidupan ekonomi yang baik dalam jangka panjang. Sumber daya alam yaitu suatu sumber daya yang terbentuk karena kekuatan ilmiah, misalnya tanah, air, dan perairan, biotis, udara dan ruang, mineral lingungan/landscape, panas bumi dan gas bumi, angin, pasang surut/arus laut. Untuk kepentingan pembangunan ekonomi kita biasanya menggolongkan pada sumber daya alam itu berdasarkan potensi penggunaannya, misalnya sumber daya alam penghasil energi air, matahari, arus laut, gas bumi, minyak bumi, batu bara, angin dan biotis/tumbuhan; sumber daya alam penghasil bahan baku: mineral gas bumi biotis perairan, tanah dan sebagainya; sumber daya alam lingkungan hidup udara dan ruang, perairan, lanscape dan sebagainya. Dengan adanya penemuan tambang emas di Kecamatan Beutong ini telah terjadinya berbagai perubahan sosial ekonomi masyarakat setempat ke arah yang lebih baik. Bahkan perkembangan tersebut sangat cepat setelah adanya pertambangan emas yang ada di Kecamatan Beutong, Kabupaten Nagan Raya, jika di lihat dari struktur bangunan rumah-rumah warga dan Masjid setempat yang sudah terbilang modern. Pertambangan yang berada di Kecamatan Beutong, Kabupaten Nagan Raya khususnya di desa Krung Cut ini cara pengelolaan emas mereka menggunakan alat-alat yang berupa beko, mesin sedot dan mesin asbuk. Untuk menuju lokasi pertambangan ini bisa di bilang agak sulit karena di sebabkan oleh lokasi yang jauh dan medan atau jalan yang akan di lalui sangat berbahaya sehingga para penambang yang menggunakan motor untuk ke lokasi pertambangan lebih memilih untuk berjalan kaki jika terjadi sesusatu seperti longsor atau pun jalan ber becek yang di sebabkan oleh hujan deras. Tabel 1. Jumlah Desa dan Penduduk di kecamatan Beutong kabupaten Nagan Raya No Desa Penduduk/jiwa Aktifitas Pertambangan Lokasi Pertambangan Emas 1 Kuta Jeumpa 373 jiwa Tidak Aktif 2 Blang Dalam 417 jiwa Tidak Aktif 3 Lhok Seumot 1191 jiwa Tidak Aktif 4 Bumi Sari 430 jiwa Tidak Aktif 5 BlangBaro Rb 1438 jiwa Tidak Aktif 6 Meunasah 724 jiwa Tidak Aktif Krueng 7 Keude Seumot 1225 jiwa Tidak Aktif 8 Blang Seumot 1241 jiwa Tidak Aktif 9 Babah Krueng 906 jiwa Tidak Aktif 10 Meunasah Pante 756 jiwa Tidak Aktif 11 Blang Baro Pr 269 jiwa Aktif Sungai dan Gunung 12 Gunung Nagan 187 jiwa Tidak Aktif 13 Blang Mesjid 612 jiwa Tidak Aktif 14 Kulam Jeuneh 767 jiwa Tidak Aktif 265 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa (JIM) ISSN.2549-8363 Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Unsyiah Vol.4 No.3 Agustus 2019 : 264-272 15 Meunasah 869 jiwa Tidak Aktif Teungoh 16 Meunasah 552 jiwa Tidak Aktif Dayah 17 Ujong Blang 269 jiwa Tidak Aktif 18 Kreung Cut 285 jiwa Aktif Sungai dan Gunung 19 Blang Neuang 186 jiwa Aktif (kurang) 20 Blang Seunong 225 jiwa Tidak Aktif 21 Tuwi Bunta 148 jiwa Aktif (kurang) Sungai 22 Blang Leumak 192 jiwa Aktif Gunung 23 Panton Bayam 387 jiwa Aktif (kurang) Gunung 24 Pante Ara 563 jiwa Aktif (kurang) Sungai Jumlah 14210 jiwa Sumber: BPS. Kecamatan Beutong Dalam Angka, 2017 Tabel 1. menunjukkan jumlah desa dan penduduk di kecamatan Beutong kabupaten Nagan Raya, dari 24 jumlah desa yang terdapat di kecamatan Beutong hanya sekitar 7 desa yang memiliki lokasi tambang yaitu desa Krueng Cut, Blang Baro Pr, Blang Leumak, Pantom Bayam, Pante Ara, Tuwi Bunta, dan desa Blang Neuang. Rumusan Masalah Berdasarkan latar belakang yang telah ditemukan di atas, maka yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah profil penambang emas di Kecamatan Beutong, Kabupaten Nagan Raya ? Tujuan Penelitian Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil penambang emas di Kecamatan Beutong, Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Manfaat Penelitian Manfaat penelitian sebagai berikut: • Bagi penambang emas, penelitian dapat bermanfaat sebagai masukan untuk terus meningkatkan kualitas SDM nya sehingga dapat melakukan penambang sesuai dengan ketentuan dan tidak terjadi hal tidak yang diinginkan • Bagi pemerintah penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat sebagai masukan untuk terus memberikan dukungan bagi penambang baik berupa fasilitas maupun pemanfaatan limbah. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan Penambangan Emas Menurut Yani (2017) menyatakan bahwa “sumber daya manusia memiliki sebagai salah unsur dalam organisasi dapat diartikan sebagai manusia yang bekerja dalam suatu organisasi. SDM dapat disebut dapat disebut juga sebagai personil, tenaga kerja, pekerja, karyawan, potensi manusiawi sebagai penggerak organisasi dalam mewujudkan eksistensinya.Atau potensi yang merupakan asset dan berfungsi sebagai modal non material dalam organisasi bisnis, yang dapat 266 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa (JIM) ISSN.2549-8363 Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Unsyiah Vol.4 No.3 Agustus 2019 : 264-272 diwujudkan menjadi potensi nyata secara fisik dan non fisik dalam mewujudkan eksistensi organisasi”. Penambangan Emas Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 4 tahun 2009 (UUPMB), pasal 1 angka (1) “Pertambangan yaitu sebagian atau seluruh tahapan kegiatan dalam rangka penelitian, pengolahan dan pengusahaan mineral yang meliputi penyelidikan umum, eksplorasi, studi kelayakan konstruksi, penambangan, pengolahan dan pemurnian, pengangkutan dan penjualan, serta kegiatan pasca tambang”. Dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (2012), yang dimaksud dengan menambang adalah menggali (mengambil) barang tambang dari dalam tanah. Kemudian, Abrar Saleng menyata-kan bahwa usaha pertambangan pada hakikatnya ialah usaha pengambilan bahan galian dari dalam bumi. Pertambangan adalah salah satu jenis kegiatan yang melakukan ekstraksi mineral dan bahan tambang lainnya dari bumi, salah satunya adalah pertambangan emas. Emas merupakan salah satu jenis bahan tambang yang memiliki nilai ekonomi sangat tinggi. Pertambangan emas tanpa izin (PETI) adalah kegiatan pertambangan yang tidak mempunyai izin atau ilegal. Kegiatan pertambangan ini dilakukan secara tradisional, yang biasanya dilakukan oleh masyarakat di tepi sungai dengan cara mendulang. Namun hal ini sudah dilakukan dengan mesin jet dan para penambang liar juga menggunakan bahan kimia (Zidny, 2014). METODELOGI PENELITIAN Ruang Lingkup Penelitian Adapun ruang lingkup penelitian ini adalah kualitas SDM penambangan emas serta dampaknya terhadap sosial ekonomi masyarakat di desa Krueng Cut, Blang Baro Pr, dan desa Blang Leumak di Kecamatan Beutong, Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Sumber dan Jenis Data Data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer yang diperoleh dengan melakukan survey
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