A Field Guide
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Entomology of the Aucklands and Other Islands South of New Zealand: Lepidoptera, Ex Cluding Non-Crambine Pyralidae
Pacific Insects Monograph 27: 55-172 10 November 1971 ENTOMOLOGY OF THE AUCKLANDS AND OTHER ISLANDS SOUTH OF NEW ZEALAND: LEPIDOPTERA, EX CLUDING NON-CRAMBINE PYRALIDAE By J. S. Dugdale1 CONTENTS Introduction 55 Acknowledgements 58 Faunal Composition and Relationships 58 Faunal List 59 Key to Families 68 1. Arctiidae 71 2. Carposinidae 73 Coleophoridae 76 Cosmopterygidae 77 3. Crambinae (pt Pyralidae) 77 4. Elachistidae 79 5. Geometridae 89 Hyponomeutidae 115 6. Nepticulidae 115 7. Noctuidae 117 8. Oecophoridae 131 9. Psychidae 137 10. Pterophoridae 145 11. Tineidae... 148 12. Tortricidae 156 References 169 Note 172 Abstract: This paper deals with all Lepidoptera, excluding the non-crambine Pyralidae, of Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes and Snares Is. The native resident fauna of these islands consists of 42 species of which 21 (50%) are endemic, in 27 genera, of which 3 (11%) are endemic, in 12 families. The endemic fauna is characterised by brachyptery (66%), body size under 10 mm (72%) and concealed, or strictly ground- dwelling larval life. All species can be related to mainland forms; there is a distinctive pre-Pleistocene element as well as some instances of possible Pleistocene introductions, as suggested by the presence of pairs of species, one member of which is endemic but fully winged. A graph and tables are given showing the composition of the fauna, its distribution, habits, and presumed derivations. Host plants or host niches are discussed. An additional 7 species are considered to be non-resident waifs. The taxonomic part includes keys to families (applicable only to the subantarctic fauna), and to genera and species. -
Protection of Pandora Moth (Coloradia Pandora Blake) Eggs from Consumption by Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Lateralis Say)
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Elizabeth Ann Gerson for the degree of Master of Science in Forest Science presented on 10 January, 1995. Title: Protection of Pandora Moth (Coloradia pandora Blake) Eggs From Consumption by Golden-mantled Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis Say) Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy William C. McComb Endemic populations of pandora moths (Coloradia pandora Blake), a defoliator of western pine forests, proliferated to epidemic levels in central Oregon in 1986 and increased dramatically through 1994. Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis Say) consume adult pandora moths, but reject nutritionally valuable eggs from gravid females. Feeding trials with captive S. lateralis were conducted to identify the mode of egg protection. Chemical constituents of fertilized eggs were separated through a polarity gradient of solvent extractions. Consumption of the resulting hexane, dichloromethane, and water egg fractions, and the extracted egg tissue residue, was evaluated by randomized 2-choice feeding tests. Consumption of four physically distinct egg fractions (whole eggs, "whole" egg shells, ground egg shells, and egg contents) also was evaluated. These bioassays indicated that C. pandora eggs are not protected chemically, however, the egg shell does inhibit S. lateralis consumption. Egg protection is one mechanism that enables C. pandora to persist within the forest food web. Spermophilus lateralis, a common and often abundant rodent of central Oregon pine forests, is a natural enemy of C. pandora -
Atlas of the Flora of New England: Fabaceae
Angelo, R. and D.E. Boufford. 2013. Atlas of the flora of New England: Fabaceae. Phytoneuron 2013-2: 1–15 + map pages 1– 21. Published 9 January 2013. ISSN 2153 733X ATLAS OF THE FLORA OF NEW ENGLAND: FABACEAE RAY ANGELO1 and DAVID E. BOUFFORD2 Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2020 [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Dot maps are provided to depict the distribution at the county level of the taxa of Magnoliophyta: Fabaceae growing outside of cultivation in the six New England states of the northeastern United States. The maps treat 172 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids, but not forms) based primarily on specimens in the major herbaria of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, with most data derived from the holdings of the New England Botanical Club Herbarium (NEBC). Brief synonymy (to account for names used in standard manuals and floras for the area and on herbarium specimens), habitat, chromosome information, and common names are also provided. KEY WORDS: flora, New England, atlas, distribution, Fabaceae This article is the eleventh in a series (Angelo & Boufford 1996, 1998, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c) that presents the distributions of the vascular flora of New England in the form of dot distribution maps at the county level (Figure 1). Seven more articles are planned. The atlas is posted on the internet at http://neatlas.org, where it will be updated as new information becomes available. This project encompasses all vascular plants (lycophytes, pteridophytes and spermatophytes) at the rank of species, subspecies, and variety growing independent of cultivation in the six New England states. -
1 © Australian Museum. This Material May Not Be Reproduced, Distributed
AMS564/002 – Scott sister’s second notebook, 1840-1862 © Australian Museum. This material may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used without permission from the Australian Museum. Text was transcribed by volunteers at the Biodiversity Volunteer Portal, a collaboration between the Australian Museum and the Atlas of Living Australia This is a formatted version of the transcript file from the second Scott Sisters’ notebook Page numbers in this document do not correspond to the notebook page numbers. The notebook was started from both ends at different times, so the transcript pages have been shuffled into approximately date order. Text in square brackets may indicate the following: - Misspellings, with the correct spelling in square brackets preceded by an asterisk rendersveu*[rendezvous] - Tags for types of content [newspaper cutting] - Spelled out abbreviations or short form words F[ield[. Nat[uralists] 1 AMS564/002 – Scott sister’s second notebook, 1840-1862 [Front cover] nulie(?) [start of page 130] [Scott Sisters’ page 169] Note Book No 2 Continued from first notebook No. 253. Larva (Noctua /Bombyx Festiva , Don n 2) found on the Crinum - 16 April 1840. Length 2 1/2 Incs. Ground color ^ very light blue, with numerous dark longitudinal stripes. 3 bright yellow bands, one on each side and one down the middle back - Head lightish red - a black velvet band, transverse, on the segment behind the front legs - but broken by the yellows This larva had a very offensive smell, and its habits were disgusting - living in the stem or in the thick part of the leaves near it, in considerable numbers, & surrounded by their accumulated filth - so that any touch of the Larva would soil the fingers.- It chiefly eat the thicker & juicier parts of the Crinum - On the 17 April made a very slight nest, underground, & some amongst the filth & leaves, by forming a cavity with agglutinated earth - This larva is showy - Drawing of exact size & appearance. -
Additions, Deletions and Corrections to An
Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) ADDITIONS, DELETIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE IRISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) WITH A CONCISE CHECKLIST OF IRISH SPECIES AND ELACHISTA BIATOMELLA (STAINTON, 1848) NEW TO IRELAND K. G. M. Bond1 and J. P. O’Connor2 1Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, School of BEES, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. e-mail: <[email protected]> 2Emeritus Entomologist, National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Abstract Additions, deletions and corrections are made to the Irish checklist of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Elachista biatomella (Stainton, 1848) is added to the Irish list. The total number of confirmed Irish species of Lepidoptera now stands at 1480. Key words: Lepidoptera, additions, deletions, corrections, Irish list, Elachista biatomella Introduction Bond, Nash and O’Connor (2006) provided a checklist of the Irish Lepidoptera. Since its publication, many new discoveries have been made and are reported here. In addition, several deletions have been made. A concise and updated checklist is provided. The following abbreviations are used in the text: BM(NH) – The Natural History Museum, London; NMINH – National Museum of Ireland, Natural History, Dublin. The total number of confirmed Irish species now stands at 1480, an addition of 68 since Bond et al. (2006). Taxonomic arrangement As a result of recent systematic research, it has been necessary to replace the arrangement familiar to British and Irish Lepidopterists by the Fauna Europaea [FE] system used by Karsholt 60 Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) and Razowski, which is widely used in continental Europe. -
Neuroscience Needs Ethology: the Marked Example of the Moth Pheromone System
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 16 July 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0357.v1 Review Neuroscience needs ethology: the marked example of the moth pheromone system Hervé Thevenon 1 1 Affiliation: Spascia; [email protected] 2 Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The key premise of translational studies is that knowledge gained in one animal species can be transposed to other animals. So far translational bridges have mainly relied on genetic and physiological similarities, in experimental setups where behaviours and environment are often oversimplified. These simplifications were recently criticised for decreasing the intrinsic value of the published results. The inclusion of wild behaviour and rich environments in neuroscience experimental designs is difficult to achieve because no animal model has it all. As an example, the genetic toolkit of moths species is virtually non-existent when compared to C. elegans, rats, mice, or zebrafish, however the balance is reversed for wild behaviours. The ethological knowledge gathered about the moth was instrumental for designing natural-like auditory stimuli, that were used in association with electrophysiology in order to understand how moths use these variable sounds produced by their predators in order to trump death. Conversely, we are still stuck with understanding how male moths make sense of their complex and diffuse olfactory landscape in order to locate conspecific females up to several hundred meters away, and precisely identify a conspecific in a sympatric swarm in order to reproduce. This systemic review articulates the ethological knowledge pertaining to this unresolved problem and leverages the paradigm to gain insight into how male moths process sparse and uncertain environmental sensory information. -
And Ragwort Flea Beetle, Cinnabar Moths and Other Organisms That Feed on Ragwort
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Interaction of population processes in ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) and ragwort flea.bee tle (Longitarsus jacobaeae Waterbouse) A Thesis presented in partial fulflllment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology at Massey University. April 2000 11 Declaration of Originality This thesis represents the original work of the author, except where otherwise acknowledged. It has not been submitted previously for a degree at any University. Aung Kyi III Acknowledgements I am sincerely grateful to my supervisors, Professor Brian Springett, Dr lan Stringer (Ecology, the Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University), and Dr Peter McGregor (Landcare Research) for their encouragement, supervision and patience over this study and their help in drafting this thesis. I am also indebted to Mr Keith Betteridge (AgResearch) for his valuable advice on the laboratory study on the movement of first instar larvae of ragwort flea beetle in different soils; Dr. Ed Minot (Ecology, Massey University) for explaining how to use the STELLA model; Dr. Jill Rapson (Ecology, Massey University) for comments on my PhD thesis proposal; Dr. Siva Ganesh, Dr. Jenny Brown and Mr. Duncan Hedderley (Statistics, Massey University) for help with univariate and multivariate analyses; and Dr. Kerry Harrington (Plant Science, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University) for his comments and suggestion on the toxicity of ragwort and its chemical control. -
Housed in Silwood Park Library
THE PHYTOPHAGOUS FAUNA OF GORSE (ULEX EUROPAEUS L.) AND HOST PLANT QUALITY RICHARD LAWRENCE HILL, M.Sc. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Imperial College HOUSED IN SILWOOD PARK LIBRARY Department of Pure & Applied Biology Imperial College Silwood Park Ascot Berkshire August 1982 2. ABSTRACT This study of the interactions between the fauna attacking gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) and their host-plant, was undertaken as part of a project aimed at the biological control of Ulex in New Zealand. In particular, the effects of seasonal changes in host-plant primary and secondary chemistry, plant structure and foliage morphology on the seasonal perform- ance of the phytophagous insect fauna were examined. Seasonal patterns of flowering and fruiting were described. Seasonal changes in foliage water content and toughness were summarised, and patterns of growth were described. These were discussed in relation to Lawton's (1978) living space concept and other current literature. Seasonal variation in the concentrations of 6 types of secondary compounds in the foliage were described. High concentrations of alkaloids may protect vegetative buds from herbivore attack in early spring, but otherwise foliage appeared to be unprotected. Energy content and soluble carbohydrate content of gorse foliage remained relatively high throughout the growing season. Foliage nitrogen content was high at bud-burst but declined within 6 weeks to a constant low level. The insect fauna associated with Ulex europaeus in Britain was described, compared and contrasted with the equivalent continental fauna and the faunas of related host-plants. -
Developing Host Range Testing for Cotesia Urabae
1 Appendix 2 Appendix 2: Risks to non-target species from potential biological control agent Cotesia urabae against Uraba lugens in New Zealand L.A. Berndt, A. Sharpe, T.M. Withers, M. Kimberley, and B. Gresham Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand, [email protected] Introduction Biological control of insect pests is a sustainable approach to pest management that seeks to correct ecological imbalances that many new invaders create on arrival in a new country. This is done by introducing carefully selected natural enemies of the pest, usually from its native range. This method is the only means of establishing and maintaining self-sustaining control of pest insects and it is highly cost effective in the long term (Greathead, 1995). However there is considerable concern for the risk new biological control agents might pose to other species in the country of introduction, and most countries now have regulations to manage decisions on whether to allow biological control introductions (Sheppard et al., 2003). A key component of the research required to gain approval to release a new agent is host range testing, to determine what level of risk the agent might pose to native and valued species in the country of introduction. Although methods for this are well developed for weed biological control, protocols are less established for arthropod biological control, and the challenges in conducting tests are greater (Van Driesche and Murray, 2004; van Lenteren et al., 2006; Withers and Browne, 2004). This is because insect ecology and taxonomy are relatively poorly understood, and there are many more species that need to be considered. -
Lowland Heathland Sssis: Guidance on Conservation Objectives Setting and Condition Monitoring English Nature Research Reports
Report Number 511 Lowland heathland SSSIs: Guidance on conservation objectives setting and condition monitoring English Nature Research Reports working today for nature tomorrow English Nature Research Reports Number 511 Lowland Heathland SSSIs: Guidance on conservation objectives setting and condition monitoring Based and complementing the guidance produced by the Lowland Heathland Lead Agency Group for the Joint Nature Conservation Committee Isabel Alonso, English Nature Jan Sherry & Alex Turner, CCW Lynne Farrell, SNH Paul Corbett, EHS Ian Strachan, JNCC You may reproduce as many additional copies of this report as you like, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains with English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA ISSN 0967-876X © Copyright English Nature 2003 Contents 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................7 2. Scope ............................................................................................................................7 3. Habitat definitions in NVC terms ..................................................................................8 3.1 Dry heaths..........................................................................................................8 3.2 Wet heaths..........................................................................................................9 3.3 Assessing mosaics and transitions ...................................................................10 4. Setting objectives -
Fire-Related Traits for Plant Species of the Mediterranean Basin
Data Papers Ecology, 90(5), 2009, p. 1420 Ó 2009 by the Ecological Society of America Fire-related traits for plant species of the Mediterranean Basin Ecological Archives E090-094 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 S. PAULA, M. ARIANOUTSOU, D. KAZANIS, C¸.TAVSANOGLU, F. LLORET, C. BUHK, F. OJEDA, B. LUNA, 7 8 8 9 10 J. M. MORENO, A. RODRIGO, J. M. ESPELTA, S. PALACIO, B. FERNA´NDEZ-SANTOS, 11 1,12,13 P. M. FERNANDES, AND J. G. PAUSAS 1CEAM, Charles R. Darwin 14, Parc Tecnolo`gic, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain 2Department of Ecology and Systematics, University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece 3Division of Ecology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey 4Departament de Biologia Animal, Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain 5Geobotany, Campus 2, University of Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany 6Departamento de Biologı´a, CASEM, Universidad de Ca´diz, 11510 Puerto Real, Ca´diz, Spain 7Departamento de Ecologı´a, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45340 Toledo, Spain 8CREAF and Departament de Biologia Animal, Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain 9Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH United Kingdom 10Departamento de Biologı´a Animal, Ecologı´a, Parasitologı´a, Edafologı´a, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain 11Centro de Investigac¸a˜o e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biolo´gicas, Universidade de Tra´s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 08193 Vila Real, Portugal Abstract. Plant trait information is essential for understanding plant evolution, vegetation dynamics, and vegetation responses to disturbance and management. -
SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE National Plant Monitoring Scheme SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE
National Plant Monitoring Scheme SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE National Plant Monitoring Scheme SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE Contents White / Cream ................................ 2 Grasses ...................................... 130 Yellow ..........................................33 Rushes ....................................... 138 Red .............................................63 Sedges ....................................... 140 Pink ............................................66 Shrubs / Trees .............................. 148 Blue / Purple .................................83 Wood-rushes ................................ 154 Green / Brown ............................. 106 Indexes Aquatics ..................................... 118 Common name ............................. 155 Clubmosses ................................. 124 Scientific name ............................. 160 Ferns / Horsetails .......................... 125 Appendix .................................... 165 Key Traffic light system WF symbol R A G Species with the symbol G are For those recording at the generally easier to identify; Wildflower Level only. species with the symbol A may be harder to identify and additional information is provided, particularly on illustrations, to support you. Those with the symbol R may be confused with other species. In this instance distinguishing features are provided. Introduction This guide has been produced to help you identify the plants we would like you to record for the National Plant Monitoring Scheme. There is an index at