Teresa Filizzola Phd Thesis Final Copy
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Italians’ Perception and Reception of British Stand-Up Comedy Humour with Interlingual Subtitles A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Eddie Izzard’s Shows Teresa Filizzola Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD University College London Centre for Translation Studies, CMII September 2016 Primary Supervisor: Dr Federico M. Federici Subsidiary Supervisor: Dr Louisa Desilla 1 Declaration I, Teresa Filizzola, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Teresa Filizzola 30th September 2016 2 Abstract If we look at the existing publications addressing topics related to the audiovisual translation mode of subtitling and the rendering of humour into another language, we shall notice that there has been an undeniable growth within these branches of translation studies. Nonetheless, this statement does not apply to the specific field of translation of stand-up comedy humour by means of interlingual subtitles. The literature related to this research field reveals a significant gap especially when the focus is on how audiences respond to this type of translated audiovisual products, and when the source language and the target language are respectively British English and Italian. The present PhD project was designed to fill the aforementioned research gap and, in order to attain this purpose, some sketches selected from three of Eddie Izzard’s stand-up comedy shows (Dress to Kill, Circle and Stripped, for which Italian subtitles are available in the official DVDs) were played to a sample of 103 Italians based in Italy so as to observe their reaction. In order to study the specific research field outlined above, the project was made even more original and innovative by adopting a twofold methodology that combines the use of a survey questionnaire with the eye-tracking technology for the data collection. The ultimate aims of this research project were to discover: 1) whether the import of audiovisual products involving British stand-up comedy humour with interlingual subtitles can be deemed as successful in a dubbing country like Italy; 2) the role played by factors such as age, level of English and habit of watching video material in English in the Italian participants’ degree of appreciation of this type of product, as well as in their attention distribution between subtitles and images; and 3) whether a triangulated methodological approach can help to obtain more reliable findings. 3 Acknowledgements First of all, I want to thank my family for their constant support – shown in every possible way – throughout my entire life and especially over the past three years of my PhD. They were always there whenever I needed them, and they helped me cope well in difficult times. To share this achievement of mine with them is an emotion that cannot be described in words. Within the academic world, I would like to thank my primary supervisor, Dr Federico M. Federici, for what I have learned from him during my PhD, for the skills that he has transferred to me, for the constructive dialogue that we have always had, for the times that he challenged me and brought the best out of me, and for being such a calm, kind and understanding person. Another person who deserves to be mentioned is my subsidiary supervisor, Dr Louisa Desilla, who gave me some valuable advice on the core chapters of my dissertation. Finally, I want to express my gratitude to some wonderful people who were there for me in different ways: Giulia and Gianni, for some of the most enlightening conversations in my life and for being two wonderful listeners; Aaran, for his physical and moral support, and for taking me to other dimensions with his positive energy; Carolina, for teaching me some precious Excel tricks and formulae, and for her affection as a cousin; Silvia and Greta, for allowing me to stay at their places during the data collection in Italy and for helping me find some of the participants for my study; and Domenico, for all the times that we went for a coffee together, which was always an occasion to have a lovely chat and learn from his experience in academia, and for all his precious help till the very end. I would also like to thank all my other friends and relatives who contribute to make my little word a beautiful one, and all the participants who voluntarily took part in my study. 4 Contents Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 9 List of Charts ................................................................................................................. 10 List of Figures ................................................................................................................ 12 List of Tables ................................................................................................................. 13 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 17 1.1 Premise .......................................................................................................... 17 1.2 The Experiment .............................................................................................. 18 1.3 The Research Questions ................................................................................ 19 1.4 The Structure of the Dissertation .................................................................... 22 2 Translation of Humour, Subtitling and Reception Studies ....................................... 28 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 28 2.2 Humour and Translation Studies .................................................................... 29 2.3 Subtitling (of Humour) ..................................................................................... 36 2.4 Reception Studies and Eye Tracking ............................................................. 44 2.5 Conclusions .................................................................................................... 52 3 Eddie Izzard, the Shows and the Clips .................................................................... 53 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 53 3.2 Eddie Izzard’s Humour: The Media Reception and His Own Perception ....... 54 3.2.1 A note on Italian humour ....................................................................... 57 3.3 The Shows and the Selected Clips ................................................................. 62 3.3.1 Dress to Kill ............................................................................................ 62 3.3.2 Circle ...................................................................................................... 64 5 3.3.3 Stripped ................................................................................................. 65 3.4 A Comparative Analysis of English Audio Scripts and Italian Subtitles .......... 67 3.4.1 Cultural references ................................................................................ 67 3.4.2 Bad and strong language ...................................................................... 72 3.4.3 Blasphemy ............................................................................................ 76 3.4.4 Puns ...................................................................................................... 80 3.4.5 Idioms .................................................................................................... 82 3.4.6 Polysemy ............................................................................................... 83 3.5 Conclusions .................................................................................................... 85 4 Methodology I: Tools and Sample .......................................................................... 87 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 87 4.2 Online Survey Questionnaire ......................................................................... 88 4.3 Eye Tracking .................................................................................................. 94 4.4 The Sample of Participants .......................................................................... 101 4.5 Conclusions .................................................................................................. 108 5 Methodology II: Pilot Study ................................................................................... 109 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 109 5.2 Questionnaire Data ...................................................................................... 110 5.3 Eye-Tracking Data ....................................................................................... 118 5.4 Consequences of the pilot study: issues and amendments ......................... 133 5.5 Conclusions .................................................................................................. 135 6 Data Analysis: The Online Survey Questionnaire I ............................................... 137 6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................