DOCSLIB.ORG

Major Approaches to Psychology Part I the Ubiquity of Freudian Theory In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Major Approaches to Psychology Part I the Ubiquity of Freudian Theory In 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner The Ubiquity of Freudian Theory in Everyday Life • “He drives that Corvette because it’s really phallic” Major Approaches to Psychology • “My roommate is busy alphabetizing her shirts. She’s so anal!” Part I • “His mother is really domineering. No wonder he’s so screwed up.” The Psychoanalytic (Freudian) • “She’s unhappy because she’s so uptight and Approach repressed.” • “If only Mel had an outlet so that he could vent his hostility and channel it into more productive activities, he wouldn’t have shot up the post office with an Uzi.” Sigmund Freud • Some biographical facts. 1856-1939. • Background in neurology: – Aphasia – Hypnosis – Cocaine 1 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Sigmund Freud, continued Components of Freudian Theory • Radical themes: • 1. Psychic energy (The hydraulic model) – Unconscious mind – Libido – Irrationality – Sexuality – Repression – Hidden conflict – Importance of childhood – Lack of accidents • Comparison with Copernicus, Darwin Components of Freudian The Id (“it”) Theory, continued • The pleasure principle: Gratification of desire. • Primary process thinking. • 2. The Structural Theory – Infancy – Superego – Dreams • House = body – Ego • King & Queen = mom & dad – Id • Children = genitals • Playing with children = ... • Journey = death • Stairs = sex • Bath = birth – “Freudian Slips” – Free association – Psychosis 2 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Primary process thinking of the Structural theory, cont.: Id, continued 2. The Ego • Symbolization & displacement – Phallic symbols • The reality principle. – Father figures • Delay of gratification. – Etc… • Secondary process thinking. • Uses libido to control id: • Repression and censorship Structural theory, cont.: 3. Components of Freudian The Superego Theory, continued • Conscience • The Topographic Theory • Identification with parents, internalization – The conscious mind of their rules and values before they are – The preconscious mind understood. – The unconscious mind • Anxiety 3 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Relation of the topographic Components of Freudian theory to the structural theory Theory, continued • The Developmental Theory (“Psychosexual Stages”) • Each stage: – Physical focus of libido (erogenous zones) – Psychological theme – Adult character type • The advancing-army metaphor. Fixation, Regression. Freud’s Developmental Freud’s Developmental Theory,continued Theory,continued • 1. Oral stage (Birth – 18 months) • 2. Anal stage (Two’s) – Breast-feeding: Automatic gratification of – Theme: control, self-control, obedience desire – Conflict: toilet training – Theme: dependency – Too tough: “Anal retentive.” Orderly, stingy, – Conflict: weaning stubborn – Too early: too independent – Too easy: “Anal expulsive.” – Too late: too dependent and entitled – Toilet training à Ego – Oral fixation, regression 4 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Freud’s Developmental Freud’s Developmental Theory,continued Theory,continued • 3. Phallic stage (Three -- Four) • Boys: – Notice that boys and girls are different – Oedipal feelings – Focus on penis • Desire for mother, hostility to father – Themes: – Castration anxiety • Love – Identification with father • Sex – If unresolved: • Fear • anxious promiscuity or asexuality • Jealousy • homosexuality Freud’s Developmental Freud’s Developmental Theory,continued Theory,continued • Girls: • Formulation of superego through – Penis envy identification – Electra complex • Freud vs. feminism: • Desire for father, hostility to mother – Penis envy – Identification with mother – Castration – If unresolved: – Seduction theory. • Flirts with older men, or dominates (castrates) them 5 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Freud’s Developmental Neurosis Theory,continued • 4. Latency stage (Four – puberty) • Anxiety from superego (conscience) & ego • 5. Genital stage (practicality) repressing id. – “Generative” stage; maturity. Not always • Defense mechanisms of the ego: reached – Denial – Productivity; artistic, scientific creativity – Repression (don’t deny it, but don’t think about – “To love and to work” it either) – Theory of female orgasm – Reaction formation (gay-bashing, anti-porn, protesting too much) Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Neurosis, continued • Psychotherapist: Anyone who treats people with psychological problems (MD, PhD, social worker, guidance counselor, minister) – Projection • Psychiatrist: MD specializing in psychological – Rationalization (e.g., punishing for own good) problems. Can prescribe drugs – Displacement (smoke pipe, kick dog, throw • Clinical psychologist: PhD specializing in psychological problems. Can’t prescribe drugs; darts) can do testing. – Sublimation (e.g., dentistry, law, painting) • Psychoanalyst: Psychiatrist or psychologist who – Intellectualization has been trained in Freudian theory at a Psychoanalytic Institute and has undergone psychoanalysis. 6 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Psychoanalysis in continued Intellectual Life • Identify conflicts via free association, slips, • Literary criticism, e.g., Hamlet dreams, resistance, defenses. Higgledy-piggledy, • Bring conflicts into consciousness; deal Hamlet of Elsinore rationally & emotionally with them Ruffled the critics by dropping this bomb: • “Talking cure.” “Phooey on Freud and his Psychoanalysis. • Transference Oedipus, schmoedipus, I just loved Mom.” • Practical trappings: couch, 50-minute hour, daily, for years. Cure? Psychoanalysis in Scientific Evaluation Intellectual Life • Literary criticism, e.g., Hamlet • Burden of proof for: • The arts, e.g., Psycho – Unparsimonious theory about unobservable entities • Politics, e.g., The Sixties – Remarkable claims (e.g., penis envy, Oedipal conflict) • Hidden desires + defense mechanisms = • Widespread assumptions unfalsifiability – Importance of early childhood • Contradictory predictions: Unresolved Oedipal – Hydraulic model feelings à asexuality, promiscuity, homosexuality – Repression • “Heads I win, tails you lose.” – symbolism 7 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Scientific Evaluation, continued Scientific Evaluation • Where’s the evidence that: • Failures of some tests: – Weaning too early causes independence? – Oedipal conflict (Trobrianders) – Weaning too late causes entitlement? – Dreams – Toilet-training too early causes obsessiveness? – Schizophrenia, autism, etc. – Toilet-training too late causes laxness? – Childhood & personality – Etc. – Psychoanalytic psychotherapy (vs. drugs) The Behaviorist Approach (Stimulus-Response, Skinnerian) • Behaviorist ideas in every life: Major Approaches to Psychology – “He’s really fat because he was brought up to Part II associate food with love.” – “Women have been conditioned to be nice and The Behaviorist Approach to defer to men.” (Stimulus-Response, Skinnerian) – “Our culture reinforces boys for aggression.” – “I don’t believe that your dog is feeling guilty; you’re just anthropomorphizing him.” 8 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner The Behaviorist Approach, continued • Rolling Stones: – Oh, yeah, when you call my name I salivate like Pavlov’s dogs. 1. Environmentalism & Learning – Traditional idea: criminality, genius, morality, etc., were “in the blood.” Components of the – John B. Watson: Behaviorist Approach • Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. 9 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner 3. Stimulus-Response 2. Behaviorism Theory • A philosophy of psychology: Anti-mentalism • Two major learning mechanisms • Taboo: beliefs, desires, wishes, memories, (“conditioning”) images, emotions, ideas, feelings, perceptions, – Classical conditioning expectations, … – Operant conditioning • OK: stimuli, responses, reinforcers (rewards) • Explanation by – Current stimulus situation – Past history of learning Classical Conditioning • Other names: Pavlovian conditioning, respondant conditioning, conditioned reflex • Respondants versus operants – similar to “involuntary” versus “voluntary.” 10 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Operant Conditioning • Other name: Instrumental conditioning; Reinforcement; the Law of Effect. • Thorndike and his cats. 11 9.00 Introduction to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Classical Conditioning Without Awareness: an Electrophysiological Investigation
    Classical conditioning without awareness: An electrophysiological investigation A Thesis Presented to The Division of Philosophy, Religion, Psychology, and Linguistics Reed College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts Jasmine Huang December 2016 Approved for the Division (Psychology) Timothy Hackenberg Michael Pitts Acknowledgements There is no way to express the amount of gratitude I feel towards every single person who has contributed to my growth as a student and as a human being, but I will try. My family, who has worked tirelessly to support me through life and years of school, I will never know how to repay that debt. My advisors, who have endlessly encouraged me and provided me with every opportunity I could have wished for. Tim who has believed in and supported me from my first year at Reed right up until the end. Enriqueta who was always willing to discuss experiments outside of class (even when I wasn’t in her class to begin with). Michael who inspired me every day with his unending enthusiasm and drive for research. The amazing psychology department staff who are always making sure that everything is running as smoothly as it can be. Joan, our silent hero who puts out the metaphorical fires every day. Greg, one the most lively presences in the animal colony, whose love for all of the critters is unparalleled. Chris, whose attention to detail and patience for dumb questions were invaluable to me during this process. Lavinia, whose realism and dark humor made for the best introduction into real labwork that I could have asked for.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution of Freudian Psychology
    CONTRIBUTION OF FREUDIAN PSYCHOLOGY B.A. IInd (Honors), Lecture Series-3 By Dr. Masaud Ansari Department of Psychology, A.P.S.M. College, Barauni L. N. M. University, Darbhanga 23 JULY 2020 Contribution of Freudian Psychology A glimpse of the details of the work can be had from The Standard Edition of the Works of Sigmund Freud, 24 volumes that has been edited by J. Strachey. However, Freud’s systematic position can be presented under the following sev en headings: 1. Topographical Structure: Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious 2. Structural Model: Id, Ego and Superego 3. Psychic energy and theory of instincts 4. Anxiety and defence mechanisms 5. Stages of Psychosexual Development 6. Freud’s Social Psychology 7. Mind-body position 1. Topographical Structure: Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious i. He divided the mind into two parts- conscious and unconscious. ii. The unconscious has two different levels- the unconscious proper and preconscious. iii. Consciousness is defined as consisting of those mental elements that are in awareness at any given moment. iv. Inhis famous “iceberg” analogy, the upper small portion of the ice represents consciousness. v. The pre-consciousness consists of all those mental elements which are not conscious but can become readily available to consciousness with little effort. vi. For this reason this is also sometimes called as available memory. vii. The unconscious is the most important part of the mind and in terms of “iceberg” analogy, it is equivalent to the part of the ice that is submerged into the water. viii. Unconscious is the largest part of the mind. ix.
    [Show full text]
  • A Slave for Two Masters: Countertransference of a Wounded
    A Slave For Two Masters: Countertransference of a Wounded Healer in the Treatment of a “Difficult to Treat” Adolescent by Ralph Cuseglio A case study submitted to the School of Social Work Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Social Work Graduate Program in Social Work New Brunswick, New Jersey October 2015 A Slave For Two Masters: Countertransference of a Wounded Healer in the Treatment of a “What is to give light must endure burning.” “Difficult to Treat” Adolescent -Viktor Frankl Ralph Cuseglio The referral seemed straightforward enough, a “softball,” I thought. A woman named Ruth called Abstract my office seeking counseling for her fifteen-year- The aim of this case study is to analyze intense old son. He’d recently returned home, blackout countertransference experienced by a therapist drunk after his girlfriend ended their three-month while treating a “difficult to treat” adolescent relationship. Teenage breakup was a subject with patient. During treatment, the therapist struggled which I had become quite familiar. Having worked to recognize much of his subjective with hundreds of teens, I had listened to countless countertransference and its impact on the tales of woe. Lending an ear and the passage of treatment. This paper will discuss the reasons for time was usually enough to mend the young heart. this and the manner in which both subjective and Not this time. And that softball…well, it clocked objective countertransference played a role. In me upside my head and brought me to my knees. doing so, the therapist discusses how his This paper has arisen out of a desire to childhood experiences and the subsequent understand the countertransference reactions I assumption of Carl Jung’s wounded healer experienced while working with the archetype fueled the countertransference in ways aforementioned patient; most of which came in that were concurrently beneficial and detrimental hindsight long after treatment ended.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study the Issue
    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The issue of LGBT had existed in western countries since a long time ago. One of the western countries that had history with this issue was England. The LGBT issue has already existed in England since the middle of 100‟s A.D. It was started with a Roman Emperor named Hadrian, who declared himself as a homosexual (Keele University, n.d.). The declaration made by Hadrian was very crucial, for lead it the way for LGBT issue to be recognized in the British society. The self-recognition of Hadrian as a homosexual inspired Alcuin of York who was widely knows well known as David to write poems that used homosexuality as the main topic in 797(Keele University, n.d.). This phenomenon was happened in the middle of 19th century. As golden age of literature in Britain, LGBT issue also influenced British writers during this century. One of the British writers that have a strong bond with LGBT is Oscar Wilde. Wilde was born in 1854 on Ireland and Died in 1900. He was an English poet, novelist, and playwright. He was often mentioned as an eccentric writer and he was the leader of the aesthetic movement that advocated “Art for Art‟s sake”. He was once in imprisoned for two years with hard labor for homosexual practices. One of 1 2 the plays that have been often considered as his masterpiece was The Importance of Being Earnest (1895). Another influence of the LGBT phenomenon that was proven by the Wilde‟s novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray novel featured bisexual character, Dorian Gray in 1895.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychoanalytic Conceptions of Marriage and Marital Relationships 381 Been Discussing, Since These Figures Are Able to Reanimate Pictures of Their Mother Or Father
    UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ The scientific journal FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Philosophy and Sociology Vol.2, No 7, 2000 pp. 379 - 389 Editor of series: Gligorije Zaječaranović Address: Univerzitetski trg 2, 18000 Niš, YU Tel: +381 18 547-095, Fax: +381 18 547-950 PSYCHOANALYTIC CONCEPTIONS OF MARRIAGE AND MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS UDC 159.964.28+173.1+340.61 Zorica Marković University of Niš, Faculty of Philosophy, Niš, Yugoslavia Abstract. This work disclusses marital types and merital relationships as by several psychoanalysts: Sigmund Freud, Annie Reich, Helene Deutch, Knight Aldrich and Bela Mittelman. It analyzes kinds of relations hips, dynamics of interaction and inner mechanisms of interaction.Comparing marital types of the mentioned authors it can be seen that there is agreement among them and that they mainly represent further elaboration and "topic variation" of the basic marital types which are discussed by Sigmund Freud: anaclictic and narcissistic.Also, it can be concluded that all analysed marital types possess several common characteristics: 1. they are defined by relationships in childhood with parents or other important persons with whom a child was in touch; 2. dynamics of partner relationships is defined by unconscious motives; 3. same kinds of relationships and same type of partner selection a person repeats in all further attempts in spite of the fact that it does not give satisfactory results. Key words: psychoanalysis, marriage, partner, choice, relationships According to Si gmund Fr e ud , the founder of psychoanalysis, marital partner choice, as well as marital relationships, are defined much before marriage was concluded. Relationship with marital partner is determined by relationships with parents and important persons in one's childhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Science in Context Fear and Envy: Sexual Difference and The
    Science in Context http://journals.cambridge.org/SIC Additional services for Science in Context: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Fear and Envy: Sexual Difference and the Economies of Feminist Critique in Psychoanalytic Discourse José Brunner Science in Context / Volume 10 / Issue 01 / March 1997, pp 129 - 170 DOI: 10.1017/S0269889700000302, Published online: 26 September 2008 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0269889700000302 How to cite this article: José Brunner (1997). Fear and Envy: Sexual Difference and the Economies of Feminist Critique in Psychoanalytic Discourse. Science in Context, 10, pp 129-170 doi:10.1017/ S0269889700000302 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/SIC, IP address: 109.66.70.204 on 12 Feb 2014 Science in Context 10, I (1997), pp. 129-170 JOSfiBRUNNER Fear and Envy: Sexual Difference and the Economies of Feminist Critique in Psychoanalytic Discourse The Argument This essay examines Freud's construction of a mythical moment during early childhood, in which differences between male and female sexual identities are said to originate. It focuses on the way in which Freud divides fear and envy between the sexes, allocating the emotion of (castration) fear to men, and that of (penis) envy to women. On the one hand, the problems of this construction are pointed out, but on the other hand, it is shown that even a much-maligned myth may still provide food for thought. Then, four critiques of Freud which have been articulated by prominent feminist psychoanalysts — Karen Horney, Nancy Chodorow, Luce Irigaray, and Jessica Benjamin — are presented, as well as the alternative visions of sexual identities which these thinkers have developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapsychology113.Pdf
    DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY PATNA UNIVERSITY, PATNA Advance General Psychology, sem-1st Ranjeet Kumar Ranjan Assistant Professor (Part Time) [email protected] Mob. No.-6203743650 PERSONALITY Personality is an individual’s unique and relatively stable patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions. FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY Freud defined personality in four central points i.e., levels of consciousness, the structure of personality, anxiety and defense mechanism, and psychosexual stages of development. Psychosexual stages Oral Stage – The first stage is the oral stage. An infant is in this stage from birth to eighteen months of age. The main focus in the oral stage is pleasure seeking through the infant’s mouth. During this stage, the need for tasting and sucking becomes prominent in producing pleasure. Oral stimulation is crucial during this stage; if the infant’s needs are not met during this time frame he or she will be fixated in the oral stage. Fixation in this stage can lead to adult habits such as thumb-sucking, smoking, over-eating, and nail-biting. Personality traits can also develop during adulthood that are linked to oral fixation; these traits can include optimism and independence or pessimism and hostility. Anal Stage – The second stage is the anal stage which lasts from eighteen months to three years of age. During this stage the infant’s pleasure seeking centers are located in the bowels and bladder. Parents stress toilet training and bowel control during this time period. Fixation in the anal stage can lead to anal-retention or anal- expulsion. Anal retentive characteristics include being overly neat, precise, and orderly while being anal expulsive involves being disorganized, messy, and destructive.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison Between Two Methodological Paradigms of Conditioned Place Preference with Methlyphenidate
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Undergraduate Honors Theses Student Works 12-2013 Comparison between Two Methodological Paradigms of Conditioned Place Preference with Methlyphenidate. Bryce D. Watson East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/honors Part of the Psychiatry and Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Watson, Bryce D., "Comparison between Two Methodological Paradigms of Conditioned Place Preference with Methlyphenidate." (2013). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 89. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/89 This Honors Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Watson 1 Comparison between Two Methodological Paradigms of Conditioned Place Preference with Methlyphenidate By Bryce Watson The Honors College Honors in Discipline Program East Tennessee State University Department of Psychology December 9, 2013 Russell Brown, Faculty Mentor David Harker, Faculty Reader Eric Sellers, Faculty Reader Watson 2 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to examine the mechanisms of Methylphenidate (MPH) on Conditioned Place Preference (CPP), a behavioral test of reward. The psychostimulant MPH is therapeutically used in the treatment of ADHD, but has been implicated in many pharmacological actions related to drug addiction and is considered to have abuse potential. Past work in our lab and others have shown substantial sex-differences in the neuropharmacological profile of MPH. Here a discussion of the relevant mechanisms of action of MPH and its relationship to neurotrophins and CPP are reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Recognizing Female Desire and Subjectivity in the Oedipus Complex
    Jenna Davis 1 Beyond Castration: Recognizing Female Desire and Subjectivity in the Oedipus Complex Je=aDavis Critical Theory Swathmore College December 2011 Jenna Davis 2 CHAPTER 1 Argument and Methodology Psychoanalysis was developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. One of Freud's most celebrated theories was that of the Oedipus complex, which explores the psychic structures that underlie sexual development. In the following chapters I will be examining the Oedipal and preoedipal stages of psychosexual development, drawing out their implicit gendered assumptions with the help of modern feminist theorists and psychoanalysts. I am pursuing a Lacanian reading of Freud, in which the biological roles of mother and father are given structural importance, so that whomever actually occupies these roles is less important than their positional significance. After giving a brief history of the evolution of psychoanalytic theory in the first chapter, I move on in the second chapter to explicate Freud's conception of the Oedipus complex (including the preoedipal stage) and the role of the Oedipal myth, making use of theorist Teresa de Lauretis. In the third chapter, I look at several of Freud's texts on femininity and female sexuality. I will employ Simone de Beauvoir, Kaja Silverman and de Lauretis to discuss male and female investments in femininity and the identities that are open to women. After this, Jessica Benjamin takes the focus away from individuals and incorporates the other in her theory of intersubjectivity. I end chapter three with Helene Cixous, Julia Kristeva and Luce Irigaray, who all attest to the necessity of symbolic female representation--Cixous proposes a specifically female manner of writing called ecriture feminine, Kristeva introduces the semiotic realm to contend with Lacan's symbolic realm, and Irigaray believes in the need for corporeal Jenna Davis 3 representation for women within a female economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical Psychoanalysis Psikologi Kepribadian
    Classical Psychoanalysis Psikologi Kepribadian Rizqy Amelia Zein 2017-09-14 1 / 67 [1] Image credit: Giphy 2 / 67 Classical Psychoanalysis [...also known as Ego Psychology, Psychodynamics] 3 / 67 First things rst: Instinct! 4 / 67 Instincts (1) Freud denes it as the motivating forces that drive behaviour and determine its direction. Instinct (or Trieb in German), is a form of energy, that is transformed into physical energy and serve its function to connect the physical and psychological needs. Freud argues that human always experience instinctual tension and unable to escape from it. So most of our activities are directed to reduce this tension. People could have different ways to reduce the tension (e.g. sexual drives can manifest in various sexual behaviours). It's also possible to substitute the objects (displacement) and this process is primarily important to determine one's behaviour. Freud coined the terms "life" and "death" instincts, which posit different process of primal motivations. 11 / 67 Instincts (2) The Life Instinct 1. Serve the purpose of survival of the individual and the species by seeking to satisfy the needs for food, water, air, and sex. 2. The life instincts are oriented toward growth and development. The psychic energy manifested by the life instincts is the libido. 3. The libido can be attached to or invested in objects, a concept Freud called cathexis. 4. So if you like Ryan Gosling so much, for example, then your libido is cathected to him. 12 / 67 Instincts (2) The Death Instinct 1. In opposition to the life instincts, Freud postulated the destructive or death instincts.
    [Show full text]
  • Fanonian Ambivalence: on Psychoanalysis and Postcolonial Critique
    Derek Hook and Ross Truscott Fanonian ambivalence: on psychoanalysis and postcolonial critique Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Hook, Derek and Truscott, Ross (2013) Fanonian ambivalence: on psychoanalysis and postcolonial critique. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 33 (3). pp. 155-169. ISSN 1068-8471 © 2013 American Psychological Association This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/60257/ Available in LSE Research Online: November 2014 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Running head: Fanonian ambivalence Title: Fanonian ambivalence: On psychoanalysis and postcolonial critique Authors: Derek Hook & Ross Truscott Derek Hook, Department of Psychosocial Studies, Birkbeck College, London, UK & Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ross Truscott, Department of African Studies and Social Change, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Fixation and Repetition - Argument
    Fixation and Repetition - argument Alexandre Stevens Repetition is one of the four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis, as set out by Lacan in Seminar XI where, with repetition, he introduced a new mode of the real. To do so, he distinguished it from transference, which the post- Freudians had reduced to being merely the repetition of figures from the past. As for fixation, it is a Freudian term, which Freud made use of in a rather discreet way and which was never given a significant place in his metapsychology. It was Jacques-Alain Miller, a careful reader of Freud, who gave it a new relevance when he took up the last period of Lacan’s teaching: "jouissance (...) is an event of the body. (...) it is of the order of trauma (...) it is the object of a fixation”.1 This was not the first time he had drawn upon Freud to propose a way of approaching Lacan’s last teaching. He had already proposed a reading of Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety in this sense.2 Fixierung I referred to the index of the Gesammelte Werke and found that fixation is a term that appeared for just about the first time in Freud’s work, in 1905, in his “Three Essays on Sexuality”. In the development of sexual life, Freud identifies initial disturbing factors – it being understood that it is disturbed, in varying degrees, for each person. In Freud, these first, constitutional factors are still not very precise. They contain what he calls a “pertinacity” towards the impressions of sexual life. It is this “pertinacity” 3 that he calls a 1 Jacques-Alain Miller, L’être et l’Un, lesson 4 (9 February 2011).
    [Show full text]