CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study the Issue
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Contribution of Freudian Psychology
CONTRIBUTION OF FREUDIAN PSYCHOLOGY B.A. IInd (Honors), Lecture Series-3 By Dr. Masaud Ansari Department of Psychology, A.P.S.M. College, Barauni L. N. M. University, Darbhanga 23 JULY 2020 Contribution of Freudian Psychology A glimpse of the details of the work can be had from The Standard Edition of the Works of Sigmund Freud, 24 volumes that has been edited by J. Strachey. However, Freud’s systematic position can be presented under the following sev en headings: 1. Topographical Structure: Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious 2. Structural Model: Id, Ego and Superego 3. Psychic energy and theory of instincts 4. Anxiety and defence mechanisms 5. Stages of Psychosexual Development 6. Freud’s Social Psychology 7. Mind-body position 1. Topographical Structure: Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious i. He divided the mind into two parts- conscious and unconscious. ii. The unconscious has two different levels- the unconscious proper and preconscious. iii. Consciousness is defined as consisting of those mental elements that are in awareness at any given moment. iv. Inhis famous “iceberg” analogy, the upper small portion of the ice represents consciousness. v. The pre-consciousness consists of all those mental elements which are not conscious but can become readily available to consciousness with little effort. vi. For this reason this is also sometimes called as available memory. vii. The unconscious is the most important part of the mind and in terms of “iceberg” analogy, it is equivalent to the part of the ice that is submerged into the water. viii. Unconscious is the largest part of the mind. ix. -
The Oedipal Complex and Child Sexual Abuse Research: a Re-Examination of Freud's Hypothesis
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 332 137 CG 023 395 AUTHOR Kendall-Tackett, Kathleen A. TITLE The Oedipal Complex and Child Sexual Abuse Research: A Re-examination of Freud's Hypothesis. INSTITUTION New Hampshire Univ., Durham. Family Research Lab. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Mental Health (DHHS), Bethesda, Md. PUB DATE May 91 CONTRACT NIMH-T32-MH15161 NOTE 15p. PUB TYPE Reports - General (140) -- Information Analyses (070) -- Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Child Abuse; *Parent Child Relationship; Research Problems; *Sexual Abuse; *Sexuality; Theories; Validity IDENTIFIERS Freud (Sigmund); Oedipal Conflict ABSTRACT In 1896, Sigmund Freud stated that early childhood seduction caused hysteria in his female patients. He later recanted his original finding and claimed that the reports of abuse he heard from his patients were not descriptions of real events, but his patients' expressions of unconscious childhood wishes. The theory of the Oedipal complex gave practitioners a reason for why they were hearing about seduction in childhood from their patients, and supported these practitioners in the belief that sexual abuse was a rare phenomenon. To date, research on child sexual abuse and children's knowledge of sexuality fails to support the Oedipal theory. The theory of the Oedipal complex, although criticized by many authors, continues to exert an influence on the field. It seems as though some have accepted this theory as "truth" and have not examined whether it is consistent with the growing body of knowledge. Given all of this, it must be seriously questioned whether this theory is useful for child abuse professionals. -
Mapsychology113.Pdf
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY PATNA UNIVERSITY, PATNA Advance General Psychology, sem-1st Ranjeet Kumar Ranjan Assistant Professor (Part Time) [email protected] Mob. No.-6203743650 PERSONALITY Personality is an individual’s unique and relatively stable patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions. FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY Freud defined personality in four central points i.e., levels of consciousness, the structure of personality, anxiety and defense mechanism, and psychosexual stages of development. Psychosexual stages Oral Stage – The first stage is the oral stage. An infant is in this stage from birth to eighteen months of age. The main focus in the oral stage is pleasure seeking through the infant’s mouth. During this stage, the need for tasting and sucking becomes prominent in producing pleasure. Oral stimulation is crucial during this stage; if the infant’s needs are not met during this time frame he or she will be fixated in the oral stage. Fixation in this stage can lead to adult habits such as thumb-sucking, smoking, over-eating, and nail-biting. Personality traits can also develop during adulthood that are linked to oral fixation; these traits can include optimism and independence or pessimism and hostility. Anal Stage – The second stage is the anal stage which lasts from eighteen months to three years of age. During this stage the infant’s pleasure seeking centers are located in the bowels and bladder. Parents stress toilet training and bowel control during this time period. Fixation in the anal stage can lead to anal-retention or anal- expulsion. Anal retentive characteristics include being overly neat, precise, and orderly while being anal expulsive involves being disorganized, messy, and destructive. -
Classical Psychoanalysis Psikologi Kepribadian
Classical Psychoanalysis Psikologi Kepribadian Rizqy Amelia Zein 2017-09-14 1 / 67 [1] Image credit: Giphy 2 / 67 Classical Psychoanalysis [...also known as Ego Psychology, Psychodynamics] 3 / 67 First things rst: Instinct! 4 / 67 Instincts (1) Freud denes it as the motivating forces that drive behaviour and determine its direction. Instinct (or Trieb in German), is a form of energy, that is transformed into physical energy and serve its function to connect the physical and psychological needs. Freud argues that human always experience instinctual tension and unable to escape from it. So most of our activities are directed to reduce this tension. People could have different ways to reduce the tension (e.g. sexual drives can manifest in various sexual behaviours). It's also possible to substitute the objects (displacement) and this process is primarily important to determine one's behaviour. Freud coined the terms "life" and "death" instincts, which posit different process of primal motivations. 11 / 67 Instincts (2) The Life Instinct 1. Serve the purpose of survival of the individual and the species by seeking to satisfy the needs for food, water, air, and sex. 2. The life instincts are oriented toward growth and development. The psychic energy manifested by the life instincts is the libido. 3. The libido can be attached to or invested in objects, a concept Freud called cathexis. 4. So if you like Ryan Gosling so much, for example, then your libido is cathected to him. 12 / 67 Instincts (2) The Death Instinct 1. In opposition to the life instincts, Freud postulated the destructive or death instincts. -
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy
ninth edition Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy GERALD COREY California State University, Fullerton Diplomate in Counseling Psychology American Board of Professional Psychology $XVWUDOLDä%UD]LOä-DSDQä.RUHDä0H[LFRä6LQJDSRUHä6SDLQä8QLWHG.LQJGRPä8QLWHG6WDWHV Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. About the Author GERALD COREY is a Professor Emeritus of Human Serv- ices at California State University at Fullerton and a licensed psychologist. He received his doctorate in counseling from the University of Southern California. He is a Diplomate in Counseling Psychology, American Board of Professional Psychology; a National Certified Counselor; a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (Counseling Psychol- ogy); a Fellow of the American Counseling Association; and Associated Press a Fellow of the Association for Specialists in Group Work. He also holds memberships in the American Group Psycho- therapy Association; the American Mental Health Counselors Association; the As- sociation for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling; the Associa- tion for Counselor Education and Supervision; and the Western Association for Coun selor Education and Supervision. Along with Marianne Schneider Corey, Jerry received the Lifetime Achieve- ment Award from the American Mental Health Counselors Association in 2011 and the Eminent Career Award from the Association for Specialists in Group Work in 2001. -
Psychoanalytic Theory
Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Psychoanalytic Theory Theories of counseling- OMC 18th January, 2011 Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Dr Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 n Oldest of eight children n Married with 3 girls and 3 boys n Physician-Biologist – Scientific oriented and Pathology oriented theory n Jewish-anti-religion-All religion an illusion used to cope with feelings of infantile helplessness n In Vienna Austria 78 years till 1938 n Based theory on personal experiences n Died of cancer of jaw & mouth lifelong cigar chain-smoker Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach: n Model of personality development n Philosophy of Human Nature n Method of Psychotherapy n Identified dynamic factors that motivate behavior n Focused on role of unconscious n Developed first therapeutic procedures for understanding & modifying structure of one’s basic character Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Determinism n Freud’s perspective n Behavior is determined by n Irrational forces n Unconscious motivations n Biological and instinctual drives as they evolve through the six psychosexual stages of life Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Instincts n Libido – sexual energy – survival of the individual and human race- oriented towards growth, development & creativity – Pleasure principle – goal of life gain pleasure and avoid pain n Death instinct – accounts for aggressive drive – to die or to hurt themselves or others n Sex and aggressive drives- powerful determinants of peoples actions Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. -
Unit 5 Psychosexual Development: Freudian Concept
UNIT 5 PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT: FREUDIAN CONCEPT * Tomy Philip Contents 5.0 Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Concept of Sexuality 5.3 Psychosexual Development 5.4 Fixation 5.5 Significance of Psychosexual Stages for the Development of Personality 5.6 Let Us Sum Up 5.7 Key Words 5.8 Suggested Readings 5.9 Answers to Check Your Progress 5.0 OBJECTIVES This unit aims at helping the students understand the key concepts of the theory of psychosexual development proposed by a Viennese scholar called Sigmund Freud. It includes the concept of sexuality as understood as per the psychosexual development, fixation in different stages and the significance of psychosexual development for human personality. After studying this unit, you should be table to: understand the concept of sexuality as understood by Freud; list out different stages of psychosexual development; describe the dynamics in each stage of development; explain the concept of fixation; understand the significance of each stage on development of human personality; and appropriate the psychodynamic theoretical framework in understanding human personality. 5.1 INTRODUCTION The theory of psychosexual development, also known as theory of libidinal development, is one of the earliest theories explaining how personality develops in human beings. This theory owes its credence to the findings of Sigmund Freud’s clinical research with emotionally disturbed people. The theory of psychosexual development, however, is an integral part of the psychodynamic personality theory proposed by Freud. Freud is often considered the first psychological theorist to have emphasized the developmental aspects of personality and the decisive role of the early experiences during infancy and childhood in laying down the basic character structure of an adult person. -
Major Approaches to Psychology Part I the Ubiquity of Freudian Theory In
9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner The Ubiquity of Freudian Theory in Everyday Life • “He drives that Corvette because it’s really phallic” Major Approaches to Psychology • “My roommate is busy alphabetizing her shirts. She’s so anal!” Part I • “His mother is really domineering. No wonder he’s so screwed up.” The Psychoanalytic (Freudian) • “She’s unhappy because she’s so uptight and Approach repressed.” • “If only Mel had an outlet so that he could vent his hostility and channel it into more productive activities, he wouldn’t have shot up the post office with an Uzi.” Sigmund Freud • Some biographical facts. 1856-1939. • Background in neurology: – Aphasia – Hypnosis – Cocaine 1 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Sigmund Freud, continued Components of Freudian Theory • Radical themes: • 1. Psychic energy (The hydraulic model) – Unconscious mind – Libido – Irrationality – Sexuality – Repression – Hidden conflict – Importance of childhood – Lack of accidents • Comparison with Copernicus, Darwin Components of Freudian The Id (“it”) Theory, continued • The pleasure principle: Gratification of desire. • Primary process thinking. • 2. The Structural Theory – Infancy – Superego – Dreams • House = body – Ego • King & Queen = mom & dad – Id • Children = genitals • Playing with children = ... • Journey = death • Stairs = sex • Bath = birth – “Freudian Slips” – Free association – Psychosis 2 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Primary process thinking of the Structural theory, cont.: Id, continued 2. -
Unit 5 Psychosexual Development: Freudian Concept
UNIT 5 PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT: FREUDIAN CONCEPT Con tents 5.0 Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Concept of Sexuality 5.3 Psychosexual Developmental Stages 5.4 Fixation 5.5 Significance of Psychosexual Stages for the Development of Personality 5.6 Let Us Sum Up 5.7 Key Words 5.8 Suggested Readings 5.9 Answers to Check Your Progress 5.0 OBJECTIVES This unit aims at helping the students understand key concepts of the theory of psychosexual development proposed by a Viennese scholar called Sigmund Freud. It includes concept of sexuality as undel-stood by Freiid, different stages of psychosexual development, fixation in different stages and the significance of psychosexual development for human personality. After studying this unit you should be able to: understand the concept of sexuality as understood by Freud; list out different stages of psychosexual development; describe the dynamics in each stage of development; explain the concept of fixation; I a understand the significance of each stage on development of human I personality; and appreciate the psychodynamic theoretical framework in understanding 1 human ~ersonalitv. 5.1 INTRODUCTION 1 i The theory of psychosex~~aldevelopment, also known as theory of libidinal . 4 development, is one of the earliest theories explaining how personality develops in human beings. This theory owes its credence to the findings of Sigmund Freud's clinical research with emotionally disturbed people. The theory of 1 psychosexual developmciit, liowcvcr, is an integral part of the psychodynamic personality rheory proposed by Freud. Freud is ol'tcn considered the first psychological theorist to have emphasized the developmental aspects of personality and the decisive role of the early experiences during infancy and childhood in laying down the basic cliaractcr structure of an adult person. -
Gender Bias Constructed in Freud's Concept on Human
GENDER BIAS CONSTRUCTED IN FREUD’S CONCEPT ON HUMAN PSYCHO-SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT (An Analyctical Study based on Islamic Psychological Analysis) Septi Gumiandari dan Ilman Nafi’a Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Cirebon [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian ini akan menelaah secara kritis konsep Penis Envy Sigmund Freud yang ditenggarai memiliki pola pandang yang miring dalam melihat keberadaan organ seksualitas perempuan, disamping menunjukan posisi perempuan sebagai the second sex (makhluk kedua) dalam pranata sosial masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa bias gender yang dibangun dalam konsep Freud tentang Perkembangan Psiko-Seksual manusia seperti (1) Anatomi adalah takdir; (2) Superego laki- laki berkembang lebih baik daripada perempuan; (3) Perempuan lebih mudah menjadi neurotik daripada laki- laki; (4) beberapa strereotip perempuan sebagai efek residu dari Kecemburuan pada Penis; dan (5) teori Oedipus dan Electra Complex. Penelitian ini penting untuk mengatasi mengatasi persoalan androsentrisme dan representasi perempuan dalam ilmu Psikologi, mengakui perbedaan cara berpikir dan berpengetahuan perempuan dan laki- laki, dan mempertimbangkan pengalaman hidup melalui perspektif Psikologi Islam. Disamping menginisiasi bagi lahirnya gagasan metodologi feminis ilmu pengetahuan PALASTREN, Vol. 12, NO. 1, Juni 2019 211 Septi Gumiandari dan Ilman Nafi’a yang dan mampu menjawab keberadaan yang tak terelakan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Kata kunci: Gender, Psikologi, Pyscho-Sexual ABSTRACT This study examined critically Sigmund Freud’s concept on Psychosexual suspected to have a skewed view of the existence of female sexual organs, in addition to show the position of women as the second sex in the social order of society. -
Sigmund Freud and His Theories of Personality
Sigmund Freud’s Theories of Personality Eric Rucks Personality is defined as an individual’s unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. (Hockenbury and Hockenbury 2001) In brief, a person’s personality is what they act like. Along with personality is personality theory, which involves the attempt to explain or describe the similarities and differences within each individual. Personality differences are what make people different from other people. Sigmund Freud was one the most influential figures when it comes to psychology. He was the man that founded psychoanalysis as the theory of personality that stresses the influence of unconscious mental process, the importance of sexual instincts, and the effects of early childhood (Hockenbury and Hockenbury 2001). He wrote about many of his findings about the brain but was looked at as peculiar in the way he thought many things were related to sex. His influence on psychology will be statue and lead to many other views and theories in the psychological field. Sigmund Freud was one of the great psychological leaders and theorists in history. His theories involved many things including psychoanalysis, dreams, emotions, and personality. Psychoanalysis included his dynamic theory of personality and the psychosexual stages of personality development. Dynamic Theory of Personality Freud explained his theory by viewing the conscious, preconscious, and the unconscious as an iceberg. He describes the preconscious and the unconscious as a “harmony of psychoid” and the conscious as “resting on perception of the most immediate and certain” (Freud 1962). The unconscious is under the water, the preconscious is in the middle, and the conscious is on top of the water. -
Oral Stage (Birth-1.5 Yrs)
10/30/2017 • Oral Stage •Anal Stage (~ 1.5-3) • Anus/elimination as a source of pleasurable (birth-1.5 yrs) sensation or feelings of satisfaction associated • Sucking, mouthing is a source of pleasure, soothing, with controlling your body. satisfaction • Conflicts: Continuing the easy life of diapers & no • Conflict: dependence vs independence; trusting others vs responsibilities vs. the difficulties of gaining distrust control & responsibilities of doing what’s expected • being nursed vs. being weaned & able feed self by parents/society • needing pacifier vs. being “big” enough not to use one •Oedipus Complex (boys)/Electra Complex •Phallic Stage (~3-6) (girls) • Competing with your same-sex parent for the love & • Children become more interested in their genitals; attention of your opposite sex parent (who is, in some begin to recognize gender differences sense, your first love) • Conflict: Competing with vs. identifying with same sex • As part of this unconscious competition Freud parent/role models proposed boys feel “castration anxiety” while girls unconsciously blame Mom for their not having a penis ( “penis envy” ) •Latency Stage (~7-11) •Genital Stage (puberty-adulthood) • Sexual and aggressive urges generally repressed or channeled into socially acceptable activities. Spend time with same- • Move toward mature sexuality and relationships. sex peers. • Healthy personality & ability to have successful social relationships & sexual experiences depend on what went on in earlier stages. • If, however, you were over-indulged or under-indulged during an earlier stage, you may end up stuck or “fixated” at that stage (still showing some characteristics of that earlier stage)……. 1 10/30/2017 •Signs of Fixation (see bottom of 392) • Oral fixation oral activities; excessive dependency; excessive need for approval or nurturance from others • Anal fixation extremes of orderliness/disorderliness, punctuality or lack of it, compliance/noncompliance; generosity/stinginess • Phallic fixation extreme identification with & display •Personality: of sex-typical behaviors.