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Chapter 4 The Development of

 First year  Related to later mistrust and rejection issues  Ages 1-3  Related to later personal power issues Psychoanalytic Therapy  Ages 3-6  Related to later sexual attitudes  Ages 6-12  A time of socialization  Ages 12-60  Sexual energies are invested in life

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The Structure of Personality The Unconscious

 THE ID — The Demanding  Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious:  Ruled by the pleasure principle   THE EGO — The Traffic Cop  Slips of the tongue  Ruled by the  Posthypnotic suggestions  THE SUPEREGO — The Judge  Material derived from free-   Ruled by the moral principle Material derived from projective techniques  Symbolic content of psychotic symptoms • NOTE: is only a thin slice of the total mind

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Ego-Defense Mechanisms Psychoanalytic Techniques

 Ego-defense mechanisms:  Free Association  Are normal behaviors which operate on an unconscious level and tend  Client reports immediately without censoring any feelings or thoughts to deny or distort reality  Interpretation  Help the individual cope with and prevent the ego from being  Therapist points out, explains, and teaches the meanings of whatever is overwhelmed revealed  Have adaptive value if they do not become a style of life to avoid facing  Analysis reality  Therapist uses the “royal road to the unconscious” to bring unconscious material to light

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1 and Resistance

 Transference  Resistance  The client reacts to the therapist as he did to an earlier significant other  Anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the • This allows the client to experience feelings that would otherwise be production of unconscious material inaccessible  Analysis of Resistance • ANALYSIS OF TRANSFERENCE — allows the client to achieve insight  Helps the client to see that canceling appointments, fleeing from therapy into the influence of the past prematurely, etc., are ways of defending against anxiety  Countertransference • These acts interfere with the ability to accept changes which could lead  The reaction of the therapist toward the client that may interfere with to a more satisfying life objectivity

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Chapter 5 ’s Individual

 A phenomenological approach  Social interest is stressed  and relationships  Therapy as teaching, informing and encouraging Adlerian Therapy  Basic mistakes in the client’s private logic  The therapeutic relationship — a collaborative partnership

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The Phenomenological Approach Social Interest

 Adlerians attempt to view the world from the client’s subjective  Adler’s most significant and distinctive concept frame of reference  Refers to an individual’s attitude toward and awareness of being a part  How life is in reality is less important than how the individual believes of the human community life to be  Mental health is measured by the degree to which we successfully share  It is not the childhood experiences that are crucial – with others and are concerned with their welfare it is our present interpretation of these events  Happiness and success are largely related to social connectedness  Unconscious instincts and our past do not determine our behavior

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2 Birth Order Encouragement

 Adler’s five psychological positions:  Encouragement is the most powerful method available for changing 1) Oldest child – receives more attention, spoiled, a person’s beliefs center of attention  Helps build self- and stimulates courage 2) Second of only two – behaves as if in a race, often opposite to first child  Discouragement is the basic condition that prevents people from 3) Middle – often feels squeezed out functioning 4) Youngest – the baby  Clients are encouraged to recognize that they have the power to choose 5) Only – does not learn to share or cooperate with other children, learns to and to act differently deal with

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