Practice Questions Practise

Democratic Reform Women’s

& In what year did the take place? € Why were womennotallowed to vote?

[1] [1] Whatwasa rotten ? 6 What law waspassed in 1870? [1] [1]

How manypeople were allowedto votein the early 1860s? Whatyear did Marion Wallace Dunlop begin her hungerstrike in prison? [1] [1]

WhatAct did the government pass in 1872? 0 Which type of women were given the vote in 1918? [1] [1]

In your opinion, whydid the voting system need reforming by 1832? In your opinion, how important wasthe role of the Pankhursts in the suffrage campaign?

In your answer youshould: In your answer you should: ° Give at least three examples of unfairness in the voting system. e Describe the actions of the Movement. e Use facts to support your answer. e Take into account other factors involved in the suffrage campaign. e Use facts to support your answer. Write your answerona separate sheetof paper. [10] Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. [10] Explain whether the Chartist movement should be viewed as a failure. 6 Explain why the struggle for equality failed in the . In your answer you should: ° Explain at least three different negative outcomes for the Chartist movement. In your answer you should: e Use facts to support your answer. e Give your opinion on at least three different reasons. e Use facts to support your answer. Write your answer ona separate sheet of paper. [10] Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. [10]

KS3 History Revision Guide )

Review Questions State

Democratic4 Reform Women’sI, Suffrage

Ge Which three cities had no MPsin the 1820s? € In what year did the women’s movementsstart to differ over the methods used? [1]

[1] :

& How many miners and ironworkers took part in the Newport Rising? é How many womenwent to Downing Street to protest in 1906?

[1] [1] .

3 WhowasPrime Minister in 1867? € Which three buildings were the main targets of violence in 1911?

[1] [1]

6 Whatdid the 1874 Factory Act allow workers to do? 0 Why did the governmentintroduce a new voting law during the First World War? [1]

[1]

6 In your opinion, why was the 1884 Parliamentary Reform Act an important development? € Describe how the Cat and Mouse Act gained sympathy for the Suffragette movement.

In your answer you should: In your answer you should: e Give at least two examples of changes to the voting system in 1884. e Explain at least three examples. e Use facts to support your answer. e Use facts to support your answer.

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. [10] Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. [10]

@ Study the source below on the NewportRising in November 1839. 6 Study the source below, whichis from the Speaker of the House of Commonsin 1913.

A companyofsoldiers was stationed at the Westgate Hotel. The crowd marched there, loudly The activities of the had reached a stage at which nothing wassafe from attacks. cheering. The police fled into the hotel for safety. The soldiers were stationed at the windows, Churches were burnt,buildings and houses were destroyed, bombs were exploded,the through which someof the crowdfired. The soldiers returned thefire. In about twenty police assaulted and meetings broken up. The feelings in the House hardened opposition to minutes ten of the Chartists were killed on the spot, and fifty others wounded. their demands. Theresult was a defeat of their Bill by 47 votes, which the government had previously promised to support.

Whatdoesthis source tell you about the Newport Rising that would help you write an account of the event? Whatareits drawbacks? Explain why the governmentfailed to support the Suffragette movement.

Give reasons for your answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. [5]

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. [5]

KS3 History Revision Guide » 93

Democratic Reform 1 The political system was the 1832 You mustbe able to: The first important change to the Reform Act. e Explain how the voting system workedin the 1820s This Act achieved two main things: Key Point e Explain why the Reform Act was important _ |t extended the franchise so that more men could vote. e Understand the demands Before 1832, the voting of the Chartists. _ Inan attempt to makethe system fairer, it got rid of some of system wasvery unfair. the differences in the system that existed across the country. Only men aged 21 and The effects of this Act were very limited. Still only a tiny above who owned percentage of British men could votein elections. The Voting System property could vote. in the 1820s Chartists e Inthe 21st century Britain is a whereevery adult The aged 18 or overis allowed to vote. In the 19th century this was ¢ was a reformist movement that demandedgreater not the case. change. It had six key demands: Voting wasa privilege for only the wealthiest people in society. — Avote for every man aged 21 and over The country wasdivided into constituencies called counties and — Secret ballots . Most of these sent two MPsto Parliament. — Payment for MPs Before 1832 the right to vote depended on three things: Voting in 1873. — No property qualifications . — Gender: Only men over the age of 21 were allowed to vote. — Annual Parliaments to put an end to bribery and corruption — Property: In order to vote, an individual had to own — Equal constituencies. . property over a certain value. ° Chartism was a mass movementwith the aim of securing the — Location: The right to vote varied from borough to borough. vote for all men. . a The system wasvery unfair. In many areas there was no contest e The movement also demanded an improvementin living because the local landownerwasso influential. conditions, increased wages and the end of workhouses. The local landownercould control the election and guarantee In 1836, a group of Londonartisans also formed the London that his candidate would win. . ey Sheree 120 xn nares Tee eest Working Men’s Association. a ‘Bink oF ts wevat ws Bribery and threats of violence were common, and voting was e The Charter was signed by over 1.25 million people but whenit Cartoon showing the Charter being not held in secret. waspresented to Parliament in 1839, MPs ignoredit. presented to Lord Russell. The poor, the working classes and women were not represented in Parliament. The NewportRising Key Point Only men could become MPs. They were not paid a salary, so they had to be very rich to become an e In Newport, Wales, approximately 30 000 miners and . MP; Parliament was The Chartists were a dominated by rich, aristocratic landowners. ironworkers demandedtherelease of a popular Chartist leader reformist group that Rotten boroughs wereareas that had a called Henry Vincent. . small numberof voters demanded change, who could be bribed easily. © Thousands of soldiers were brought in to try and stop the arrested and sentenced including the vote for Dunwich in Suffolk was a rotten borough. It had been demonstration and eight Chartists were . . every man over 21 and destroyed and no longerexisted, but the 30 to transportation. people who used secret ballots. to live therestill had the right e The governmentbelieved this showed Chartism was a violent to vote and could elect two MPs. were arrested. Certain areas of Britain, such as the south of England, could movement and a further 500 Chartists elect more MPs than the north. This is because they were far better represented under the voting system. Quick Test Cities such as , and had no MPs in

Whowasallowed to vote in the 1820s? the 1820s. > whythe voting system was unfair. The rapid population growth in the townsandcities meant Give one reason Act try to achieve? there was more chance of new political ideas spreading. What did the 1832 Reform signed the Chartist petition presented in Reformers How manypeople believed that Parliament no longer represented the PWN 7 country properly and it needed changing. 1839? Industrial city of Sheffield. 5. How many people were arrested during the Newport Rising?

KS3 History Revision Guide Democratic Reform 1: Revise

Revise Democratic Reform 2 Reforms 1870-71 You must beable to: in 1870, the governmentpassed the Education Act. This resulted schools being built for 5-12-year- e Explain why the Chartist movementfailed in approximately 3000 to 4000 olds between 1870 and 1880. However, they were notfree. e Describe how the 1867 Reform Act increased the vote In 1871, the Bank Holiday Act gave everyone holidays from e Understand howsocial reform improved people's lives. workby law. The Trade Union Act also protected the rights of workers to a trade union. form

The End of Chartism Modernpolling booths. Act 1872 e In 1848 the Chartists attempted another petition and said they In 1872 the governmentintroduced the Ballot Act. Voting was had collected 6 million signatures. They planned a mass march now donein secret, in an attempt to deal with the problem of to Parliament to deliver the petition. bribery, intimidation and corruption. e Howeveronly 20 000 people turned up and when the petition Although this Act failed to end this problem completely, the wasinspected it had 1.9 million signatures rather than secret ballot certainly made a difference. 6 million. A number of names had even been forged. Polling booths were introduced. ° The meeting and petition were a disaster for the Chartists Key Point and it would be another50 years before the changes they demanded were made. Social Reform 1874-75 The 1884 Parliamentary The governmentpassed a numberof Acts designed to improve Reform Act increased Social and Political Reforms after 1867 Prime Minister . working and living conditions for people. the number of men who The 1874 Factory Act reduced the numberof hours people had could vote to 6 million. e In 1867 the voting system putin place by the 1832 Reform to work and gave them Saturday afternoon off. Act remained intact, but it had come under increasing In 1875 the governmentpassed the Public Health Act. All towns pressure throughout the 1840s and 1850s from the reformist now had to provide clean water and remove sewage and waste. or Timeline movements. The Artisans Dwelling Act encouraged local councils to build e By the early 1860s 1820s Only men aged around 1.5 million men could vote out of a better quality housing. The Sale of Food and Medicines Act total population of 30 over 21 with property million. ensured the quality of food and medicines. e However, the lack of secret ballots resulted in open voting. This can vote. meantthat voters could still be offered bribes or intimidated. 1832 Reform Act. e The system wasstill unfair and did not give equal Parliamentary Reform Act 1884 1836 Londonartisans representation to all areas of Britain. By the 1880s it was widely recognised that voters in counties form the London Working deserved the same political rights as those in the boroughs. Men's Association. The 1884 Parliamentary Reform Act created a uniform system 1836 Chartist petition. Parliamentary 1839 Newport Uprising. Key Point across the country. e This Reform Act increased the number of men able to vote to The right to vote was given to most working menin the 1848 End of Chartism. almost 2.5 million. MPs believed that the working class would The Parliamentary countryside as well as towns. About twoin three men now had 1867 Reform Act not make huge demands on MPs. Reform Act increased the vote, almost 18 per cent of the total population. increases the numberof e The Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli claimed that the working men whocanvote. the number of men who class were more interested in 1872 Secret Ballot Act ‘keeping housed, fed and clothed’. could vote to 2.5 million. Quick Test e The Reform Act did now

give mostskilled working-class men attempts to end bribery

in the townsthe vote, although the vote wasstill dominated How manysignatures did the Chartists really collect in 1848? and corruption. > by the middle class. Whywasthe 1848 petition a disaster? 1874 Factory Act e The most important change wasthat people whorented How many men could vote following the Reform Act of 1867? reduces working hours. properties could also vote. This resulted in a huge increasein How manyschools were built between 1870 and 1880? 1875 Public Health Act

the numberof people who could vote — particularly in large How did social reform between 1874 and 1875 improve provides clean waterin PWN towns. people’s lives? towns.

KS3 History Revision Guide _) C Democratic Reform 2: Revise 61

Women’s Suffrage 1 The Suffragists - The National Unionof OAKS Women’s Suffrage Societies You must beable to: e Explain how womenweretreated in the 19th century In 1897, various local women’s suffrage societies formed the e Describe the role of the Suffragette movement National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, under the leadership of . e Understandtherole of the Pankhursts in the Suffragette movement. 1901-Present They wanted the vote for middle-class, property-owning women. They believed the best way to achieve their aims would

be to use peaceful tactics such as non-violent demonstrations, petitions and the lobbying of MPs. Women’s Rights in the 19th Century Fawcett believed that if MPs saw the group asintelligent, polite and law-abiding then they would prove that women were In Britain during the 19th century women werenotallowed to responsible enough to gain the vote and participatefully in politics. Millicent Fawcett was the leader of vote and many womenbelieved this was unfair. The leadership of the Suffragists was made up of middle-class the Suffragist movement. It was assumed that womendid not need the vote because womenbut they recognised that in order to have success they their husbands made all the important decisions. A ’s needed to gain the support of working-class womenalso. role was seen as taking care of the children and the home. The issue of the vote pulled together women from different Womenwereoften treated as second-class citizens, even if they sections of society and gave them an identity. were married. Millicent Fawcett had to defend her peaceful, non-violent Some examples of rules that womenhadtolive by include: tactics, as a number of womenbelieved that change wastaking — Everything a woman ownedpassed to her husband when far too long to arrive. she married. — Awomancould be forced to stay in a husband's home Suffragettes fought for women to be given the vote. against her will. The Suffragettes - Women’s Social and — Awomancould only divorce her husbandif she could prove Political Union Key Point that two of the following had occurred: adultery, cruelty or

desertion. Womenworkingin a factory. The Women’s Social and Political Union was founded by Emmeline The Pankhursts believed Womensaw the right to vote as an important step towards Pankhurst and her daughters Christabel and in 1903. that direct action gaining full equality to men. As a result of the Industrial The Suffragettes were born out of the Suffragist movement. was the wayto gain Revolution and the growthof factories and heavy industry, had been a memberof the Manchester popularity for their many womenwerein full-time employment. This meant they Suffragist group but had become angeredbythelack of action cause. now had opportunities to meet in large organised groups to and slow pace of change.

discuss political and social issues. The Pankhursts felt that women had waited too long to be given the vote and decided that direct action would be moreeffective. Struggle for Equality They believed it was a women’s right to be given the vote. They believed it would take an active organisation, with young

In 1870 and 1882 laws were passed that allowed women to working-class women,to draw attention to their demands. keep their own income and property after they were married. wr Key Point The motto of the Suffragettes was ‘Deeds not words’ and from This progress had only been made by managing to persuade male 1912 onwards their campaigning became moreviolent. members of the Houses of Parliament to pass the laws for them. In 1903 the women’s Law-breaking, violence and hungerstrikes wereall considered Womenwerestill not allowed to vote or become Members of movement wasdivided acceptable campaign tactics.

Parliament. about the best way to ‘The Cause’ described a movement for women’s rights generally. protest. Although there Quick Test

It had no particular political focus. weredifferent opinions about methods, they For what reasons could womenget divorced in the 19th century? EMMELINE PANKHURST In 1872, the National Movement for Women’s Suffrage was NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY formed. were united in the What law waspassed in 1870? Who wastheleader of the Suffragists? desire to gain the vote. oa By the end of the 19th century, the issue of gaining the vote Whofounded the Women’s Social and Political Union? Emmeline Pankhurst’s portrait

ol had become the focus of women’s struggle for equality. on a British stamp.

allt What was the motto of the Suffragettes?

KS3 History Revision Guide Women’s Suffrage 1: Revise

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Women’s Suffrage 2 Increasing Violence KY

You mustbe ableto: In 1911, 220 women werearrested after a series of violent acts

e Explain the methods used by the Suffragette movement that included breaking windows at governmentoffices. There werealso acts of violence targeted at the Home Office, Key Point e Describe how the Cat and Mouse Act gained sympathyfor the Treasury and Daily Mail newspaper. Suffragette movement In 1912, Mary Leigh threw a small axe into the Prime Minister's The Suffragette e Understand how womenfinally gained the vote. carriage. movement suspended MaryLeigh also tried to burn downthe Theatre Royal. manyof its more violent The curtains wereset alight, a flaming chair was throwninto actions during the war.It Actions of the Suffragette Movement the orchestra and a numberof small bombs made outoftin wasfearful of a backlash * VOTES for. WOMEN cans weresetoff. from the public during In 1905 two membersof the Suffragettes, Leigh was arrested and sentencedtofive years in prison. wartime.

and , interrupted a meeting in Manchester to ask In June 1913, Emily Wilding Davison attended the Epsom twopoliticians, Winston Churchill and Sir Edward Grey, if they horse race. As the King’s horse wasracing past, Emily ran onto Timeline believed womenshould havetheright to vote. the race track and was knocked downbythe horse.

The two womenthen got out a bannerthat said ‘Votes for Women t She suffered a fractured skull and died without regaining 1870 Law passed to and shouted at the twopoliticians to answertheir questions. . FOR | consciousness. allow womento keep Pankhurst and Kenney were thrown out of the meeting and Her funeral was a huge public spectacle and generatedlots of income and property arrested for causing an obstruction and assaulting a police officer. publicity for the Suffragette movement. after marriage. In 1906, 30 women went to Downing Street and asked to see 1872 National the Prime Minister. Gaining the Vote Movement for Women’s After banging on the door and demanding to be let in, two of Suffrage formed. the womentried to rush inside, but were arrested. Whenthe First World War broke out many womentook on the 1897 Millicent Fawcett A third woman wasarrested after jumping on the Prime jobs that had been left by men going off to fight. They proved forms the National Union Minister’s car and attempting to address the crowd. they could do thesejobs just as well as men. of Women’s Suffrage In 1908 a protest rally was held in Hyde Park. Estimates suggest The Suffragettes used this to publicise the important role that Societies. that between 250 000 and 500 000 people attended. womenwereplaying, even though they disagreed with the war. 1903 Women’s Social In 1909 Marion Wallace Dunlop was sentencedto prison for They began to reduce their more violent activities due to the and Political Union defacing a wall of St. Stephen’s Church. She asked to be treated war andits effect on the nation. formed by the Pankhursts. as a political prisoner. The Suffragists supported the war but saw it as an opportunity 1905 Two members This request was denied so she began a hungerstrike lasting 91 to put pressure on the government. of the Suffragette hours. She was then released from prison. The governmenthadto introduce a new voting law to allow movementarrested in soldiers and sailors fighting in the war to be able to vote. Manchester. Cat and Mouse Act The Suffragists argued that womenshould also be included in 1906 Protest at the new law as they had done so muchto help the war effort. Downing Street. Whena Suffragette was sent to prison, it was assumed that she In 1918, womenoverthe age of 30 who owned property were 1908 Protest rally in Key Point would go on hungerstrike as this gained maximum publicity. given the right to vote, and by 1928 this was extended to Hyde Park. The Cat and Mouse Act allowed the Suffragettes to go ona include all women. The government's use of 1911 220 women hungerstrike and let them get weaker and weaker. the Cat and Mouse Act arrested for a series of Whenthe Suffragettes were very weak they were then released shocked many people violent protests. from prison. because ofits brutality Quick Test 1913 Emily Davison Those who werereleased were so weak that they could take no towards women. killed by a horse at the part in any violence. Whenthey had regained their strength, - What happenedto Christabel Pankhurst and Annie Kenney Epsom Derby. they were re-arrested and the whole process started again. in 1905? 1918 Womenover 30

Hungerstrikers were force fed by prison doctors using steel ES How many people attended the protest rally in Hyde Park? who ownproperty given mouth clamps and tubes. This was a painful and brutal process. What did Mary Leigh try to do in 1912? the right to vote. Force feeding shocked the public and gained a lot of sympathy . How did Emily Wilding Davison die in 1913? 1928 All womengiven

for the Suffragettes and their cause. Pe In what year were all women given the vote? the right to votein Britain.

KS3 History Revision Guide ) ( Women’s Suffrage 2: Revise