DOCSLIB.ORG

The Man Who Saved Austria, the Life and Times of Baron Jellacic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Man Who Saved Austria, the Life and Times of Baron Jellacic r MAN WHO BARON JELLACIC M.HARTLEY THE MAN WHO SAVED AUSTRIA A Selection from Mills & Boon's List of General Literature MY PARISIAN YEAR. By Maude Annesley. With 20 Illus- trations. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net. MY SUDAN YEAR. By E. S. Stevens. With 40 Illustrations. Demy Svo. ios. 6d. net. A CENTURY OF ACTORS. By Cecil Armstrong. With 16 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. ios. 6d. net. A grope ON THE PRUSSIAN THRONE: Frederick William II. By Gilbert Stanhope. With 12 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. ios. 6d. net. THE MAN WHO SAVED AUSTRIA: The Life and Times Of Baron JellaeiC. By M. Hartley. With 18 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. ios. 6d. net. THE ROMANCE OF THE MEN OF DEVON. By Francis Okibble, Author of "The of Romance the Oxford Colleges." W ith a Frontispiece in Photogravure and 16 Illustrations. Crown ovo. 6s. " RAMBLES IN IRELAND. By Robert Lynd, Author of Home LiK- in Ireland." With 5 Illustrations in Colour, and 24 from Photographs. Crown 8vo. 6s. RAMBLES IN FLORENCE. By G. E. Troutbeck, Author of Stones from Italian History." With 8 Illustrations in Colour, and from 32 Photographs. Crown 8vo. 6s. RAMBLES IN NORWAY. By Harold Simpson. With 8 Illus- trations in Colour, and 32 from Photographs. Crown 8vo. 6s. TRAMPS THROUGH TYROL. Frederick Stoddard By Wolcott ("Dolomite"). With Illustrations. 30 Demy* Svo 7s. od. net. TWENTY-FOUR YEARS OF CRICKET. By Arthur A. r alt " Ph °t0 aVure and >'' ^ ^ lustrations. q Vvo. 7 s 6d net ENG A D U T LIA: The Record of a TO UR ivt f fvA Memorable Warner. With 51 Illustrations. 8vo. 7 s 6d "net Demy MY YEA R - By Padraic COLUM. With . 15 Illustrations.iSSS c full-page8 Demy Svo. 10s. 6d. net. VANC0UVER - B. Witt J % PULLEN-BURRY. "wttffSS40 lUnstraUons. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d. net. 'OS! I'll JELLACkS, [85O. <w THE MAN WHO SAVED AUSTRIA THE LIFE AND TIMES OF BARON JELLACIC BY M. HARTLEY AUTHOR OF "A SERESHAN " WITH 18 ILLUSTRATIONS 1/ MILLS & BOON, LIMITED ^ > 49 RUPERT STREET *\ ,v\ 7r LONDON, W. \ /(y\ Published 1912. Sto Bog dade i sreca junacka. God (What sends and a soldier's fortune.) Note i. Abbreviations of Austrian Military Titles. F.M. = Field-Marshal. F.M.L. (Feldmarshallieutenant) = Lieutenant-General. F.Z.M. (Feldzeugmeister) = General of Infantry. Inhaber = (lit. owner) Honorary Colonel. Note 2. Pronunciation—The Slav c=tz c=ch c" = tch. ; ; FOREWORD I feel the necessity for an apology in putting this biography of a great man before the public. Interest and enthusiasm cannot take the place of endeavour is not and I can knowledge ; ability ; lay no claim to the proud title of historian. Yet my is of a writer's best efforts the subject worthy great ; period covered is the most complex of modern times, and the setting is a country little known to English people. I do not write for the erudite Slavist— even the readers of Mr Seton Watson's most able books on Slavic questions will find my explanations un- and too but those necessary my history sketchy ; who know little of Central European politics may like to follow the career of a man whose contempor- aries could write of him as "the greatest fiVure in Europe during these last two years" (1848-49). My acknowledgments to the friends who have helped me with this book are heart-felt. Professor Friedjung's kind counsel put me further on the road which his own excellent histories had shown me. Vll viii THE MAN WHO SAVED AUSTRIA In Zagreb, I have to thank Herr von Bojnicic, of the Archives, and Herr Braunschmitt, of the Akademie des Wissenschaft, for unending kind- ness and help. But, beyond all, I owe a debt of gratitude to the Grafin von Jellacic, and I must beg these ladies to accept, as a small return for all their goodness, this memorial, though it is an unworthy one, of their great uncle, the hero-Ban. M. HARTLEY. April 1 91 2. CONTENTS PAGE 1. THE BEGINNING OF A CENTURY I 2. CROATIA AND THE FRONTIER SYSTEM 9 . 21 3. METTERNICH AND HIS MASTER 4. THE SERVICE .... 3 l 5. "A GERMAN SOLDIER" 43 6. RADETSKY ..... 55 " " 7. THE DAYSTAR 65 8. THE SOUTHERN-SLAV RACE 77 9. ON THE BORDER 86 10. THE FIGHT AT POZVIZD 96 11. BEFORE THE STORM . 1 10 12. THE FIRST THUNDER-CLAPS 121 13. BANUS !..... J3 1 14. ORGANISATION . 142 15. THE SLAVS IN CONGRESS . i53 16. THE INSTALLATION OF THE BAN 161 17. AT INNSBRUCK . i73 18. THE RESCRIPT OF IOTH JUNE . 185 19. DRAVE OR DANUBE?. *95 20. ACROSS THE DRAVE . 206 x THE MAN WHO SAVED AUSTRIA CHAP. PAGE 2 1. TO LAKE BALATON ..... 2I 5 2 2. A MAIL- HAG OF LOST LETTERS . 228 THE TURN TO VIENNA 23. .... 2 39 BEFORE VIENNA: 24. SCHWECHAT . 248 " "VIVAT DER ! PRINZ HOCHLEBE ! 25. JELLACIC 258 26. 2ND DECEMBER 1848 .... 267 TOWARDS BUDA-PESTH 27. .... 276 28. SUCCESS AND FAILURE . 288 29. KAPOLNA AND THE CONSTITUTION 297 30. THE BATTLE OF ISASZEG AND EVACUATION OF PESTH 308 DOWN THE DANUBE 31. 3i7 32. AND THE END OF HEGYES, THE CAMPAIGN 327 AFTER THE WAR 33- 335 " 34. WORTHY GODS PITY THEY " MOST, THAT SUCCEED ! 348 PEACE AND REMEMBRANCE 35. 357 36. CONCLUSION 3 6 5 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Joseph Jellacic, 1850 . Frontispiece Engravedfrom an oil-painting, FACING PAGE Kaiser Franz giving Prizes . 24 By permission of the Gallery of Verona. Prince Metternich ........ 28 the By Raphael Morghens ; by permission of Uffizzi Gallery, Florence. A Captain of Sereshans ....... 68 From a water-colour in the Academy Museum, Agram. Porcelain Figures of Sereshans . 92 From the Academy Museum, Agram. Sereshans . • • . .104 From a water-colour in the Academy Museum, Agram. Baron Joseph Jellacic in Hussar Uniform . .136 By permission of Herr Braunschwilt. Joseph Rajacic, Patriarch . .156 By permission of Herr Braunschmitt. The Ban's Entry into Agram 164 By permission of Herr von BojniHL Ban Jellacic at the head of his Troops .... 204 From the Academy Museum, Agram. The Scene at Szemes ......" 224 From a water-colour in the Academy Museum, Agram. Windischgratz and the Ban before Vienna . .254 By permission of Herr von Bojnic'ti. xii THE MAN WHO SAVED AUSTRIA FACING PAGE The Sereshan Camp before Vienna . ... 262 From a water-colour in the Academy Museum, Agram. Joseph Jellacic, F.Z.M. and Ban ..... 304 By permission of Herr Braunschmitt. The Coat-of-Arms of Ban Jellacic ..... 348 On silk. Academy Museum, Agram. The Emperor Franz-Joseph and his Generals . 352 By permission of Herr von Bojnicii. The Palace . the . of Ban, Agram (Present Day) . 364 Statue of Ban in . Jellacic Jellacic Platz, Agram . 368 THE MAN WHO SAVED AUSTRIA 1801-1810 CHAPTER I THE BEGINNING OF A CENTURY " Who thinks aright, proving and seeking it, With God's help for his good sword, Is not perplexed what the result may be, For his desire is all his honour's crown." Motto of the Jellacic fam ily. There is a theory that centuries must needs begin and end in storm and strife, as though the waves of time gathered themselves to a wild effort when they surged over the man-made division. Certainly there is no more stormy period in history than that of the ending eighteenth and commencing nineteenth centuries, with its colossal transitional figure of Napoleon "heaving new worlds towards the day." In this battle of the giants, names fling themselves upon our minds with a shock of acknowledged greatness, and a host of recollections. Wellington, Nelson, and Pitt for England; while Talleyrand, and all the wondrous group of soldiers called to leader- her in ship by the supreme genius, stand against boast a France. Austria can hardly great general ; but, in January 1801, a rising young diplomatist 2 THE MAN WHO SAVED AUSTRIA received his first charge, and Clement Nepomuc Wenceslas, Count Metternich, entered upon the struggle and triumph of his life : so long before the days when his name was a sign to men of unyielding hidebound opposition to progress. This year of 1801 was full of important events throughout Europe. The First Consul of France drew towards the height of his power when he saw " " Cobentzl, the Austrian envoy, sign the terrible Treaty of Luneville, and the check given by Nelson's "glorious day" of Copenhagen was counterbalanced by the preliminaries of the Peace of Amiens, when exhausted England cried truce for a breathing-space. In the north it was memorable as the year of Czar Paul's murder, when the mystic, impressionable Alexander mounted the bloody throne of Russia. The new Czar was to be a strong influence on the future, and a hastener of the "day of deliverance" for which Europe was beginning to long. He was to become the best ally that Franz II. of the Holy Roman Empire, soon to be Franz I. of Austria alone, would find in the struggle which humbled the Hapsburgs' pride so sorely before it ended triumphantly in 181 5. Apart from these great events, the 16th October 1 80 1 saw the birth of the child whose history we are about to follow, the man who made so deep a mark in the annals of his country. In the fortress of Peterwardein, to the general- commanding, F.M.L. Baron Franz Jellacic von Buzim, and his wife, was born their eldest son. He was christened Joseph, and here let me say that in writing of Slav people I shall use their own spelling of surnames, and the more familiar version " " of translatable Christian names. Iellatschich may THE BEGINNING OF A CENTURY 3 approximate the sound to English ears, but it is a " clumsy form with no meaning, while Franje" and " Josip" seem pedantic when they may be replaced by the well-known "Franz" and "Joseph." Genealogy is notoriously wearisome, yet it is necessary to know something of the hereditary feeling which partially forms a character.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Congressional Record—House H1648
    H1648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð HOUSE April 3, 2000 In 1996, Haider called ``The government's the need for compensation for victims of the As a survivor of the horrors of the Nazi re- so-called integration policy a disaster. They allies, Haider explained, ``But we do not in- gime, he knows better than anyone on the are ready to open the doors to another 153,000 tend to be petty. Even though you will not International Relations Committee or in this foreigners who will take school places, train- join us to widen the scope of the fund we will Congress the dangers of complacency. Con- ing places and flats (apartments),'' Haider not vote against the bill. We too want to said. He continued, ``When Turkish children draw a line under a chapter we are also re- gressman LANTOS knows that remaining silent demand protection money from our children sponsible for.'' when hate-mongers come to power is not an at the playground, it's time to say, this is In May 1995, the Freedom Party was the option. And I thank him again for his leader- our state,'' Haider declared. only major Austrian political party absent ship and his dedication. Haider has continued to wage a xenophobic from ceremonies at Mauthausen death camp Mr. Speaker, everyone in this Congress has campaign to expel foreign workers. In March marking the 50th anniversary of the libera- heard the comments made by Jorg Haider and 1997, Haider stated that he wants one third of tion of the camp. Just before the anniver- leaders of the Freedom Party.
    [Show full text]
  • Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-17-2021 Fuer Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War Sean Krummerich University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Scholar Commons Citation Krummerich, Sean, "Fuer Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War" (2021). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8808 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Für Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Boroević, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War by Sean Krummerich A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History College of Arts & Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Kees Boterbloem, Ph.D. Darcie Fontaine, Ph.D. J. Scott Perry, Ph.D. Golfo Alexopoulos, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 30, 2021 Keywords: Serb, Croat, nationality, identity, Austria-Hungary Copyright © 2021, Sean Krummerich DEDICATION For continually inspiring me to press onward, I dedicate this work to my boys, John Michael and Riley. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the support of a score of individuals over more years than I would care to admit. First and foremost, my thanks go to Kees Boterbloem, Darcie Fontaine, Golfo Alexopoulos, and Scott Perry, whose invaluable feedback was crucial in shaping this work into what it is today.
    [Show full text]
  • Building an Unwanted Nation: the Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository BUILDING AN UNWANTED NATION: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP AND AUSTRIAN PROPONENTS OF A SEPARATE NATIONHOOD, 1918-1934 Kevin Mason A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Advisor: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Konrad Jarausch Reader: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Reader: Dr. Michael Hunt Reader: Dr. Terence McIntosh ©2007 Kevin Mason ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Kevin Mason: Building an Unwanted Nation: The Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934 (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Browning) This project focuses on American and British economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties with Austria, and particularly with internal proponents of Austrian independence. Primarily through loans to build up the economy and diplomatic pressure, the United States and Great Britain helped to maintain an independent Austrian state and prevent an Anschluss or union with Germany from 1918 to 1934. In addition, this study examines the minority of Austrians who opposed an Anschluss . The three main groups of Austrians that supported independence were the Christian Social Party, monarchists, and some industries and industrialists. These Austrian nationalists cooperated with the Americans and British in sustaining an unwilling Austrian nation. Ultimately, the global depression weakened American and British capacity to practice dollar and pound diplomacy, and the popular appeal of Hitler combined with Nazi Germany’s aggression led to the realization of the Anschluss .
    [Show full text]
  • A Report to the Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division, U.S
    Robert Jan Verbelen and the United States Government A Report to the Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division, U.S. Department of Justice NEAL M. SHER, Director Office of Special Investigations ARON A. GOLBERG, Attorney Office of Special Investigations ELIZABETH B. WHITE, Historian Office of Special Investigations June 16, 1988 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pacre I . Introduction A . Background of Verbelen Investigation ...... 1 B . Scope of Investigation ............. 2 C . Conduct of Investigation ............ 4 I1. Early Life Through World War I1 .......... 7 I11 . War Crimes Trial in Belgium ............ 11 IV . The 430th Counter Intelligence Corps Detachment in Austria ..................... 12 A . Mission. Organization. and Personnel ...... 12 B . Use of Former Nazis and Nazi Collaborators ... 15 V . Verbelen's Versions of His Work for the CIC .... 20 A . Explanation to the 66th CIC Group ....... 20 B . Testimony at War Crimes Trial ......... 21 C . Flemish Interview ............... 23 D . Statement to Austrian Journalist ........ 24 E . Version Told to OSI .............. 26 VI . Verbelen's Employment with the 430th CIC Detachment ..................... 28 A . Work for Harris ................ 28 B . Project Newton ................. 35 C . Change of Alias from Mayer to Schwab ...... 44 D . The CIC Ignores Verbelen's Change of Identity .................... 52 E . Verbelen's Work for the 430th CIC from 1950 to1955 .................... 54 1 . Work for Ekstrom .............. 54 2 . Work for Paulson .............. 55 3 . The 430th CIC Refuses to Conduct Checks on Verbelen and His Informants ....... 56 4 . Work for Giles ............... 60 Verbelen's Employment with the 66th CIC Group ... 62 A . Work for Wood ................. 62 B . Verbelen Reveals His True Identity ....... 63 C . A Western European Intelligence Agency Recruits Verbelen ..............
    [Show full text]
  • Lighting the Slav Bomb in Austria
    LIGHTING THE SLAV BOMB IN AUSTRIA Subject Peoples Getting Together For First Time in Masaryk, Leader ofCzech-Slovaks, History to in This Country to Prepare Resist Oppression Way for Freedom Who is Masaryk? trickery at the expense of many small completeness. Aerenthal could only sit inside On Saturday evening, May 25, ten nationalities. Jugo-Slavg and outside the mon- Therefore, why should without reply, guilty before the world. archy. These forgeries were far too thousand Bohemians, Slovaks and other Austria continue to exist? As all the His defence of a of or gross to have deceived the merest Slavs, marched down Fifth Avenue, oppressed peoples of group thirty many of tho men and Austria-Hungary forty Jugo-Slavs against charges of child, and when Professor Masaryk on women garbed feel thus about it and the friendship the floor of the Austrian in their striking national dress, in of Italy has been treason at his own expense strength¬ delegation of secured for their ened branded the guilty as a honor Masaryk. Half of this num¬ aims, it is materially this political allegiance diplomatist ber crowded into possible to erect a barrier of the Southern Slav of the Dual second Azov, the spy and agent provo¬ Carnegie Hall, while across Middle from the Baltic part the remainder waited Europe As a result of cateur, the Foreign Minister remained outside hoping to the Adriatic which will control the Monarchy. Masaryk's for an the idea of a Serbo-Croat seated in no less guilty silence." opportunity to seo him. The Danube and the rail routes to teachings was Constan¬ had been to meeting in his honor.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anschluss Movement and British Policy
    THE ANSCHLUSS MOVEMENT AND BRITISH POLICY: MAY 1937 - MARCH 1938 by Elizabeth A. Tarte, A.B. A 'l11esis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Part ial Fulfillment of the Re­ quirements f or the Degree of Master of Arts Milwaukee, Wisconsin May, 1967 i1 PREFACE For many centuri.es Austria. bad been closely eom'lect E!d \'lieh the German states. 111 language and eulture. Austri.a and Germany had always looked to each other. AS late as the t~tentieth century. Austria .st111 clung to her traditional leadership in Germany . In the perlod following the First World War, Austria continued to lo(!)k to Germany for leadership. Aus tria, beset by numerous economic and social problems. made many pleas for uni on with her German neighbor. From 1919 to 1933 all ;novas on the part of Austria and Germany for union, -v.71\ether political oreeon01;n1c. were th"larted by the signatories of the pea.ce treaties. Wl ,th the entrance of Adolf Hitler onto the European political stage, the movement fQr the Anschluss .. - the union of Germany and Austria .- t ook on a different light. Austrians no longer sought \.Ulion with a Germany v.ilich was dominated by Hitler. The net"l National $Gclalist Gertna,n Reich aimed at: the early acq'U1Si ,tiQn of Austria. The latter "(vas i mportant to the lteich fGr its agricultural and Batural reSources and would i mprove its geopolitical and military position in Europe. In 1934 the National Soci aU.sts assaSSinated Dr .. U.:. £tlto1bot''t Pollfuas, the Aust~i ..\n Cbaneellot'l in ,an 8.'ttcmp't to tillkltl c:ronet:Ql or his: eountry.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Attempts at Cold War Neutralization: Its Success in Austria and Laos and Its Failure in Vietnam
    University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses 12-19-2003 Three Attempts at Cold War Neutralization: Its Success in Austria and Laos and its Failure in Vietnam Benjamin Crawford University of New Orleans Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Recommended Citation Crawford, Benjamin, "Three Attempts at Cold War Neutralization: Its Success in Austria and Laos and its Failure in Vietnam" (2003). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 43. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/43 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THREE ATTEMPTS AT COLD WAR NEUTRALIZATION: ITS SUCCESS IN AUSTRIA AND LAOS AND ITS FAILURE IN VIETNAM A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of History by Benjamin J. M. Crawford B.A., University of Arkansas, 2001 December 2003 Acknowledgements I would first like to thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • DOLLFUSS: an Austrian Patriot • Fr
    Fr. Johannes Messner DOLLFUSS Messner Johannes • Fr. Patriot DOLLFUSS: An Austrian An Austrian Patriot by Fr. Johannes Messner OLLFUSS FOREWORD BY DR. ALICE VON HILDEBRAND D INTRODUCTION BY DR. JOHN ZMIRAK The brief Chancellorship of Engelbert Dollfuss in Austria, lasting An Austrian Patriot from May 20, 1932, until his assassination by German Nazi agents on July 25, 1934, was one of the high-water marks of all European politics in the 20th century. Fr. Messner’s Dollfuss chronicles the work of the Chancel- lor, whose legacy is his effort to fashion Austrian public life around the Social Doctrine of the Church as expressed in Quadragesimo Anno. In a time like our own, when, as Messner writes, there was “hardly any hope that it would ever again be possible to establish a State on Christian, or rather on Catholic, principles,” Austria under Chancellor Dollfuss represented “a check...[on] the process of eliminating God and the natural moral law from public life.” Today it remains, as it was then, a beacon which “leads the way to the truly Christian State.” “[Dollfuss was] the representative of all that remains of the Holy Roman Empire.” —G. K. CHESTERTON REV. FR. JOHANNES MESSNER (1891–1984). Ordained in 1914, he stud- ied sociology, political economy, and law and received degrees in both latter subjects in 1924. From 1925 to 1933 he edited Das Neue Reich, a weekly for culture, politics, and political economy. He was a member of the Theology faculty at the University of Salzburg, Professor of Social Ethics at the University of Vienna, and advisor to Chancellor Dollfuss on all aspects of Corporatism.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Bailout : the Financial Reconstruction of Aus- Tria 1922-1926
    ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output The first bailout : the financial reconstruction of Aus- tria 1922-1926 https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40237/ Version: Full Version Citation: Warnock, Barbara Susan (2016) The first bailout : the financial reconstruction of Austria 1922-1926. [Thesis] (Unpublished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email The First Bailout – The Financial Reconstruction of Austria 1922 – 1926 Submitted for the degree of Ph.D By Barbara Susan Warnock Birkbeck College University of London 2015 1 I declare that this thesis is all my own work ……………………………………………………………………………. 2 Abstract This thesis examines the League of Nations’ project for Austrian financial reconstruction 1922- 1926. By 1922, the First Austrian Republic (1918-1938) was experiencing enormous problems, including hyperinflation. Little confidence existed that the country could survive as a unified and independent entity. In this context, the Economic and Financial Organisation (EFO) of the League designed a financial reconstruction scheme for Austria. The scheme was the first such project carried out by an international institution and this thesis explores its genesis, attributes and impacts. This thesis argues that this programme came into existence less, as is sometimes argued, because of the work of idealistic internationalists at the League of Nations, and more because the governments, diplomats and officials of certain powers, particularly France, but also Britain and others, wished to see Austria survive because they regarded its continued existence to be an important part of upholding post-war European order, and furthering their interests and diplomatic strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary) Constituted Under the Agreement of November 26, 1924 (12 April 1927 – 28 June 1929)
    REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary) constituted under the Agreement of November 26, 1924 (12 April 1927 – 28 June 1929) VOLUME VI pp. 191-292 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2006 PART II TRIPARTITE CLAIMS COMMISSION (UNITED STATES, AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY) CONSTITUTED UNDER THE AGREEMENT OF NOVEMBER 26, 1924 PARTIES: United States of America, Austria, Hungary. SPECIAL AGREEMENT: November 26, 1924. COMMISSIONER: Edwin B. Parker (United States of America). REPORT: Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary), Final Report of Commissioner and Decisions and Opinions (October 15, 1929). (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1933.) 195 HISTORICAL NOTE When the Peace Treaties of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Trianon, concluded between the Allied Powers and Austria on September 10, 1919, and between the same Powers and Hungary on June 4, 1920, had not been ratified by the United States, special treaties between the United States and Austria and Hungary were signed at Vienna and Budapest on August 24 and August 29, 1921, respectively, in which several provisions of the Treaties of Saint-Germain and Trianon were incorporated by reference. The Treaties of Vienna and Budapest secured to the United States and its nationals rights specified under a joint resolution of the Congress of the United States of July 2, 1921. They became effective on November 8 and December 17, 1921. On November 26, 1924, a tripartite agreement was signed at Washington between the United States and Austria and Hungary. Article I of the Agreement which c ame into effect on December 12, 1925, provided for the selection of a Commissioner to pass upon most of the claims for losses, damages or injuries suffered by the United States or its nationals embraced within the terms of the Treaties of Vienna and Budapest and to determine the amounts to be paid to the United States by Austria and Hungary in satisfaction of all such claims.
    [Show full text]
  • SOCIAL REVOLUTION in AUSTRIA the SOCIAL REVOLUTION in AUSTRIA CAMBRIDGE Univeilsity PRESS LONDON: Fetter Lane
    ·THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION IN AUSTRIA THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION IN AUSTRIA CAMBRIDGE UNIVEilSITY PRESS LONDON: Fetter Lane NawYo111t The Macmillan Co. Jloaou.y. CAICUITA and MAnus Maanillan and Co., Ltd. Toaomo The Maanillan Co. of Canada, Ltd. Tono Ma..-KabuahiJd.JCailluo THE SOCIAL REVOlUTION. IN AUSTRIA BY C. A. MACARTNEY SonuJtitru! Scholar of Trinity Colkge Cambridge CAMBRII;>GE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMXXVI PRJNTBD IN GREAT BRITAIN CONTENTS Introduction page vii Chap. I THE DYNASTY I II THE PEOPL~ 33 III DISSOLUTION 57 IV THE REPUBLIC 84 V SOCIALISM AT THE CROSS-ROADS II8 VI SOCIALIST LEGISLATION 147 VII THE PEASANT 167 VIII THE MIDDLE CLASSES 199 IX JEWS, GERMANS AND GERMAN JEWS 223 X AUSTRIA AND CENTRAL EUROPE 249 Appendix: THE AGRARIAN PROGRAMME OF THE AUSTRIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRAT PARTY 270 Bibliography 282 Index 285 INTRODUCTION HIS book, if it had a sub-tide, would be styled a T"study in changing values." Its subject is one which is devoid of striking incident, but should not lack interest in a world so feverishly occupied with readapting its own values to changing circumstances. · Everyone knows something about the nationalist move­ ment among the non-German races of the old Habsburg Monarchy, and is aware that most of these races took the opportunity afforded them by the war of 1914-1918 to throw in their lot more or less openly with the Entente, which rewarded them by confirming their independence. The ideas of Englishmen are not as a rule so clear about modem Austria. They underestimate the absolutist character of the old regime, the cleft which separated the Dynasty and ruling classes from the ruled in all parts of the Monarchy.
    [Show full text]
  • De Musica Disserenda Letnik/Year XII Št./No
    MUZIKOLOŠKI INŠTITUT ZNANSTVENORAZISKOVALNI CENTER SAZU De musica disserenda Letnik/Year XII Št./No. 1 2016 Ljubljana 2016 DMD_12_TXT_FIN.indd 1 7. 06. 2016 12:16:44 De musica disserenda ISSN 1854-3405 © 2016, Muzikološki inštitut ZRC SAZU Izdajatelj / Publisher: Muzikološki inštitut ZRC SAZU Mednarodni uredniški svet / International advisory board: Zdravko Blažeković (New York), Bojan Bujić (Oxford), Ivano Cavallini (Palermo), Marc Desmet (Saint-Etienne), Janez Matičič (Ljubljana), Andrej Rijavec (Ljubljana), Stanislav Tuksar (Zagreb) Uredniški odbor / Editorial board: Matjaž Barbo, Nataša Cigoj Krstulović, Metoda Kokole, Jurij Snoj, Katarina Šter Glavni in odgovorni urednik / Editor-in-chief: Jurij Snoj Urednika De musica disserenda XII/1/ Editors of De musica disserenda XII/1: Nataša Cigoj Krstulović, Ivano Cavallini Naslov uredništva / Editorial board address: Muzikološki inštitut ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, p. p. 306, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenija E-pošta / E-mail: [email protected] Tel. / Phone: +386 1 470 61 97 http://mi.zrc-sazu.si Revija izhaja s podporo Javne agencije za Raziskovalno dejavnost RS. The journal is sponsored by the Slovenian Research Agency. Cena posamezne številke / Single issue price: 6 € Letna naročnina / Annual subscription: 10 € Naročila sprejema / Orders should be sent to: Založba ZRC, p. p. 306, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenija E-pošta / E-mail: [email protected] Tel. / Phone: +386 1 470 64 64 Tisk / Printed by: Collegium graphicum, d. o. o., Ljubljana Naklada / Printrun: 150 De musica disserenda je muzikološka znanstvena revija, ki objavlja znanstvene razprave s področja muzikologije ter z muzikologijo povezanih interdisciplinarnih področij. Izhaja dvakrat letno. Vsi prispevki so anonimno recenzirani. Revija je v celoti vključena v Open Journal System in besedila dostopna tudi v dLib.si.
    [Show full text]