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DOLLFUSS: an Austrian Patriot • Fr Fr. Johannes Messner DOLLFUSS Messner Johannes • Fr. Patriot DOLLFUSS: An Austrian An Austrian Patriot by Fr. Johannes Messner OLLFUSS FOREWORD BY DR. ALICE VON HILDEBRAND D INTRODUCTION BY DR. JOHN ZMIRAK The brief Chancellorship of Engelbert Dollfuss in Austria, lasting An Austrian Patriot from May 20, 1932, until his assassination by German Nazi agents on July 25, 1934, was one of the high-water marks of all European politics in the 20th century. Fr. Messner’s Dollfuss chronicles the work of the Chancel- lor, whose legacy is his effort to fashion Austrian public life around the Social Doctrine of the Church as expressed in Quadragesimo Anno. In a time like our own, when, as Messner writes, there was “hardly any hope that it would ever again be possible to establish a State on Christian, or rather on Catholic, principles,” Austria under Chancellor Dollfuss represented “a check...[on] the process of eliminating God and the natural moral law from public life.” Today it remains, as it was then, a beacon which “leads the way to the truly Christian State.” “[Dollfuss was] the representative of all that remains of the Holy Roman Empire.” —G. K. CHESTERTON REV. FR. JOHANNES MESSNER (1891–1984). Ordained in 1914, he stud- ied sociology, political economy, and law and received degrees in both latter subjects in 1924. From 1925 to 1933 he edited Das Neue Reich, a weekly for culture, politics, and political economy. He was a member of the Theology faculty at the University of Salzburg, Professor of Social Ethics at the University of Vienna, and advisor to Chancellor Dollfuss on all aspects of Corporatism. His numerous works include The Social Question, The Corporative Order, and Social Ethics. DR. ALICE VON HILDEBRAND is the wife of philosopher Dietrich von Hildebrand. She is Professor Emerita of Philosophy at Hunter College, City University of New York. She Foreword by Dr. Alice von Hildebrand has lectured extensively, and has authored, co-authored, or edited over ten books. Introduction by Dr. John Zmirak DR. JOHN ZMIRAK earned his Ph.D. in Literature at Louisiana State University. He has written extensively for Catholic and secular periodicals and is Senior Editor of Faith & Family Magazine. He is also the author of Wilhelm Röpke: Swiss Localist, Global Economist. ISBN 0-9718286-6-0 Biography/history 9780971 828667 DOLLFUSS An Austrian Patriot To Christian statesmen throughout history who have pursued the politics of Jesus Christ. And to those yet to come who will do likewise. DOLLFUSS An Austrian Patriot by Fr. Johannes Messner Norfolk, VA 2004 Dollfuss: An Austrian Patriot. Copyright © 2004 IHS Press. Dollfuss: An Austrian Patriot is published by arrangement with The Continuum International Publishing Group, Inc. Front matter, typesetting, layout, and cover design copyright IHS Press. All rights reserved. Dollfuss: An Austrian Patriot was originally published in Aus- tria as Dollfuß (Innsbruck, Wien, München: Tyrolia, 1935). The English translation was published the same year by Burns, Oates, & Washbourne, Ltd., which translation forms the basis for the present edition. Minor formatting changes and editorial correc- tions have been made to the BO&W edition. ISBN-13 (eBook): 978-1-932528-36-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Messner, Johannes, 1891- Dollfuss : an Austrian patriot / from the German of Johannes Messner. p. cm. ISBN 0-9718286-6-0 (alk. paper) 1. Dollfuss, Engelbert, 1892-1934. 2. Statesmen--Austria-- Biography. 3. Austria--Politics and government--1918-1938. 4. Fascism--Austria--History. I. Title. DB98.D6.M42 2003 943.605’1--dc21 2003009212 Printed in the United States of America. Gates of Vienna Books is an imprint of IHS Press. For more information, write to: Gates of Vienna Books 222 W. 21st St., Suite F-122 Norfolk, VA 23517 table of contents page FOREWORD....................................................7 by Dr. Alice von Hildebrand INTRODUCTION........................................13 by Dr. John Zmirak AUSTRIA: On the Assassination of Dollfuss....19 by G. K. Chesterton ILLUSTRATIONS..........................................22 Dollfuss: An Austrian Patriot I. From Early Years to Manhood....................25 II. The Appointed Path....................................45 III. Freedom at Home.......................................66 IV. Independence Abroad.................................77 V. Austria the Fatherland................................89 VI. Economic Recovery.....................................96 VII. Corporate Organization............................107 VIII. The Christian State...................................116 IX. Social Justice.............................................126 X. The State and the Church.........................132 XI. Austria and Europe...................................138 XII. Heroic Leadership.....................................143 XIII. A Lonely Death.........................................151 CHRONOLOGY..........................................155 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES...........................157 Engelbert Dollfuss (1892–1934) “Simple, homely, without demands on life, highly intel- ligent, with absolute integrity as a fundamental of his char- acter, social, jolly, always on the move, swift – sometimes too swift – in decision, a foe to all pose or ostentation, yet carefully mindful for the respect due his office of representing the Fatherland; direct and courageous, effective by reason of his personality, which needed to put no distance between himself and his surroundings to carry his purpose – and this despite the fact that his actual person was certainly not im- pressive – all these he was. A loyal friend to companions and fellow-workers, always ready to be helpful; a man of faith and ideals, a true son of the German people, yet a fanatical believer in his Austria – as such we have seen and known him, we who were privileged to be at his side at the height of his activity, from the beginning of his public life, along that path of success and fortune, and up to the hour of depar- ture – we who now bear witness, and will so long as life is granted us, for Engelbert Dollfuss and his Austria.” —Kurt Schuschnigg My Austria, 1938 Engelbert Dollfuss A Catholic Statesman ournalism has its ironic side. How often are long columns devoted to the obituary of a man whose name, just a few months after his death, will be buried for ever. Dostoyevsky’s biting humor had this in mind when he wrote in A Raw JYouth: “...all these talented gentlemen of the middling sort who are sometimes in their lifetime accepted almost as geniuses, pass out of memory quite suddenly and without a trace when they die.” On the other hand, there are some truly great men who are so maligned by an antagonistic press during their lifetime that, even though their names make the headlines when they die (or are murdered), history must “rediscover” them. How grate- ful, then, must we be to IHS Press for republishing Johannes Messner’s book on Engelbert Dollfuss. Written by someone who knew the Chancellor of Austria – who was later to be murdered by Nazi agents – it makes us realize that this victim of National Socialism deserves to be placed upon a pedestal as one of the very great political leaders of the twentieth century – and possibly as one of the finest Catholic statesmen of all time. Why, then, should his name be unknown to the overwhelming majority of American and English citizens who have no sympathy at all for National Socialism and who should therefore be eager to have an acquaintance with one of the most remarkable of its opponents? Dollfuss was one of the few political leaders of the day who saw with matchless clarity the evil of the National Socialist phi- losophy and who, in spite of the weakness of his country, which had been largely dismembered in the wake of World War I, be- came a new David confronting a new Goliath, Adolf Hitler. It is for this reason that the book by Johannes Messner is to be highly DOLLFUSS: AN AUSTRIAN PATRIOT welcomed: he gives the reader a superb view of who this man was, of his philosophy, of the inhuman difficulties that he was facing, of his courage and wisdom, of his goodness and sense of justice, of his deep Faith, and of his martyrdom. It is thanks to Messner, then, that history will finally do justice to Engelbert Dollfuss. This is a book that fascinates the reader. Well translated, it presents facts with precision and clarity. It offers innumerable quotations taken from the writings and speeches of Dollfuss, and it permits the reader to draw his own conclusions. It should be welcomed not only because of its historical value, but also be- cause it teaches contemporary statesmen a lesson: that one can be a good Catholic and a fine statesman; and that being a Catholic statesman means being someone who serves his country selflessly, someone for whom political power means to be at the service of his country, someone who is not ambitious, someone who does not seek to fill his own pockets, someone who does not seek to be served, but merely seeks to serve. Men rarely forgive those who give them a bad conscience. Just men cannot expect to be loved in their lifetime because their very integrity loudly condemns those whose conduct deviates from truth and justice. To be loved by everybody can be a back- handed compliment: an insignificant person who keeps a low profile is not likely to encounter or enflame opposition. Alas, history reminds us that it is dangerous to be good. Aristide was hated because he was just. Socrates was put to death. And Christ – the Holy One – was crucified. Some political leaders are hated because they deserve to be hated. Some are hated because they have the courage to oppose the Zeitgeist – the spirit of the age – and proclaim boldly a truth that is unpalatable to man’s fallen nature. Dollfuss was much loved by those who understood that he was their friend: as a Catholic, as an Austrian patriot, as one of “them.” But his very goodness and his political clear-sightedness were bound to trigger the hatred of those who had endorsed evil causes: be it National Socialism, Communism, or Liberalism.
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