Florida Commission on Hurricane Loss Projection Methodology
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Fishing Pier Design Guidance Part 1
Fishing Pier Design Guidance Part 1: Historical Pier Damage in Florida Ralph R. Clark Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems May 2010 Table of Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1 – Introduction................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 – Ocean and Gulf Pier Damages in Florida................................................... 4 Chapter 3 – Three Major Hurricanes of the Late 1970’s............................................... 6 September 23, 1975 – Hurricane Eloise ...................................................................... 6 September 3, 1979 – Hurricane David ........................................................................ 6 September 13, 1979 – Hurricane Frederic.................................................................. 7 Chapter 4 – Two Hurricanes and Four Storms of the 1980’s........................................ 8 June 18, 1982 – No Name Storm.................................................................................. 8 November 21-24, 1984 – Thanksgiving Storm............................................................ 8 August 30-September 1, 1985 – Hurricane Elena ...................................................... 9 October 31, -
Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
FLORIDA HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS 1871-1995: An Historical Survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams '+wcCopy~~ I~BN 0-912747-08-0 Florida SeaGrant College is supported by award of the Office of Sea Grant, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce,grant number NA 36RG-0070, under provisions of the NationalSea Grant College and Programs Act of 1966. This information is published by the Sea Grant Extension Program which functionsas a coinponentof the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, John T. Woeste, Dean, in conducting Cooperative Extensionwork in Agriculture, Home Economics, and Marine Sciences,State of Florida, U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, U.S. Departmentof Commerce, and Boards of County Commissioners, cooperating.Printed and distributed in furtherance af the Actsof Congressof May 8 andJune 14, 1914.The Florida Sea Grant Collegeis an Equal Opportunity-AffirmativeAction employer authorizedto provide research, educational information and other servicesonly to individuals and institutions that function without regardto race,color, sex, age,handicap or nationalorigin. Coverphoto: Hank Brandli & Rob Downey LOANCOPY ONLY Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 1871-1995: An Historical survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams Division of Marine and Environmental Systems, Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, FL 32901 Technical Paper - 71 June 1994 $5.00 Copies may be obtained from: Florida Sea Grant College Program University of Florida Building 803 P.O. Box 110409 Gainesville, FL 32611-0409 904-392-2801 II Our friend andcolleague, Fred Doehringpictured below, died on January 5, 1993, before this manuscript was completed. Until his death, Fred had spent the last 18 months painstakingly researchingdata for this book. -
Appendix 8 Hazard Analysis
Appendix 8 Hazard Analysis Introduction This appendix includes several components. First is an overall discussion of the Hazard Analysis modeling effort, describing the surge (ADCIRC) and wave (WAM, STWAVE) modeling. That first section is followed by a subsidiary section labeled Appendix 8-1 that defines the many acronyms used in the modeling discussion. This is followed by a major section labeled Appendix 8-2 consisting of the Whitepaper of Donald T. Resio, ERDC-CHL, which forms the basis of the storm statistics and JPM methods discussed in the main body of the report. Owing to its prominence in the discussion, it has, for convenience, been referred to as R2007. Note that R2007, itself, includes several appendices; these are identified as Appendices A-G within Appendix 8-2. Finally, a discussion of the rainfall model is included here as Appendix 8-3. Hazard Analysis The hazard analysis required for the risk assessment was based upon the hurricane modeling conducted by a team of Corps of Engineers, FEMA, NOAA, private sector and academic researchers working toward the definition of a new system for estimating hurricane surges and waves. Following is a discussion of the processes used by this team and the steps taken by the risk team to incorporate the results into the risk analysis. The hurricane hazard definition required as input to the risk analysis involved several steps: 1. Selection of the methodology to be used for estimating surges and waves 2. Determination of hurricane probabilities 3. Production of the ADCIRC grid models for the different HPS configurations. 4. Production of the computer system for development of the large number of hydrographs required by the risk model. -
FLORIDA HAZARDOUS WEATHER by DAY (To 1994) OCTOBER 1 1969
FLORIDA HAZARDOUS WEATHER BY DAY (to 1994) OCTOBER 1 1969 - 1730 - Clay Co., Orange Park - Lightning killed a construction worker who was working on a bridge. A subtropical storm spawned one weak tornado and several waterspouts in Franklin Co. in the morning. 2 195l - south Florida - The center of a Tropical Storm crossed Florida from near Fort Myers to Vero Beach. Rainfall totals ranged from eight to 13 inches along the track, but no strong winds occurred near the center. The strong winds of 50 to 60 mph were all in squalls along the lower east coast and Keys, causing minor property damage. Greatest damage was from rains that flooded farms and pasture lands over a broad belt extending from Naples, Fort Myers, and Punta Gorda on the west coast to Stuart, Fort Pierce, and Vero Beach on the east. Early fall crops flooded out in rich Okeechobee farming area. Many cattle had to be moved out of flooded area, and quite a few were lost by drowning or starvation. Roadways damaged and several bridges washed out. 2-4 1994 - northwest Florida - Flood/Coastal Flood - The remnants of Tropical Depression 10 moved from the northeast Gulf of Mexico, across the Florida Panhandle, and into Georgia on the 2nd. High winds produced rough seas along west central and northwest Florida coasts causing minor tidal flooding and beach erosion. Eighteen people had to be rescued from sinking boats in the northeast Gulf of Mexico. Heavy rains in the Florida Big Bend and Panhandle accompanied the system causing extensive flooding to roadways, creeks and low lying areas and minor flooding of rivers. -
Tropical Storm Fay August 18-23, 2008
Tropical Storm Fay August 18-23, 2008 Tropical Storm Fay radar-based rainfall accumulation The Preliminary Summary Report, containing all storm-related data gathered from east-central Florida, including wind, rainfall and barometric pressure extremes. National Hurricane Center Summary of Tropical Storm Fay (pdf) Three tornadoes were reported with Fay. They are documented here. Rainfall map, from NOAA's Weather Prediction Center More maps are available at the WPC's website Brevard County has also produced a map of rainfall This map (pdf format) can "zoom in" for more detail. 3-hour radar-based rainfall estimates Day animated gif 18th loop0818.gif 19th loop0819.gif 20th loop0820.gif 21st loop0821.gif PRELIMINARY data indicates that this event is the 4th wettest tropical cyclone to affect the state of Florida and by far the wettest for east central Florida. A maximum rainfall total of 27.65 occurred 8 miles NW of Melbourne. The previous rainfall record for a tropical cyclone in the region was set in 1950, when Hurricane King dumped 15.44" of rain on Patrick Air Force Base near Cape Canaveral. Hurricane Wilma of 2005 holds third place--it dumped 13.26" on Kennedy Space Center. The "top ten" list for Florida follows: Storm Name (Year) Max Rainfall (ins) Location Easy (1950) 38.70 Yankeetown Georges (1998) 38.46 Munson Unnamed (1941) 35.00 Trenton Dennis (1985) 25.56 Homestead TD 1A (1992) 25.00 Arcadia Tower Jeanne (1980) 29.48 Key West Dora (1964) 23.73 Mayo TD (1969) 23.40 Havana Unnamed (1924) 23.22 Marcos Island Bob (1985) 21.50 Everglades City Alberto (1994) 21.38 Niceville Below is a map depicting the wind fields of Tropical Storm Fay (Click the map to see a larger version) Map based upon data provided by NOAA's Hurricane Research Division Photographs of Flooding in the Melbourne Area POST TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT...TROPICAL STORM FAY NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MELBOURNE FL 225 PM EDT TUE SEP 2 2008...UPDATE 3 UPDATE...FOR KCOF: ADDED MIN PRES...UPDATED MAX SUSTAINED WIND AND TOTAL PRECIP. -
ON the PERFORMANCE of BUILDINGS in HURRICANES a STUDY for the SAFFIR-SIMSPON SCALE COMMITTEE by Tim Marshall, P.E
ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS IN HURRICANES A STUDY FOR THE SAFFIR-SIMSPON SCALE COMMITTEE by Tim Marshall, P.E. Meteorologist HAAG ENGINEERING CO. October 18, 2009 DRAFT COPY INTRODUCTION Over the past 30 years, the author has surveyed building damage in 30 hurricanes beginning with Hurricane Allen (1980). Many of these hurricanes, the author has experienced firsthand by riding out the storms in hotels, vehicles, or parking garages. Within weeks after each hurricane, ground and sometimes aerial surveys were performed to document the performance of buildings and measure the heights of the storm surge using levels, rods, and benchmarks. Then, the author spent several months in the disaster areas conducting individual inspections to hundreds of structures. To date, the author has amassed tens of thousands of images of hurricane damage to buildings and has written and assembled numerous references with regard to building performance in hurricanes. One thing that is clear is that not all buildings perform the same in a hurricane and that certain types of buildings, or their components, fail at relatively low wind speeds. This is especially true if there are poor attachments at critical connections. Certainly there have been a number of building improvements due to code upgrades in Florida and a few other states, after Hurricane Andrew, which has resulted in better building performance in subsequent hurricanes. In the author’s study of storm surge, it has become obvious there is not a direct relationship between the magnitude of the wind and the height of the storm surge. There are many reasons for this including the size of the hurricane, angle of its attack to the shoreline, coastal topography, bathymetry, etc. -
The Rapid Intensification and Eyewall Replacement Cycles of Hurricane
MARCH 2020 F I S C H E R E T A L . 981 The Rapid Intensification and Eyewall Replacement Cycles of Hurricane Irma (2017) MICHAEL S. FISCHER,ROBERT F. ROGERS, AND PAUL D. REASOR NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 7 June 2019, in final form 17 December 2019) ABSTRACT The initiation of a rapid intensification (RI) event for a tropical cyclone (TC) at major hurricane intensity is a rare event in the North Atlantic basin. This study examined the environmental and vortex-scale processes related to such an RI event observed in Hurricane Irma (2017) using a combination of flight-level and air- borne radar aircraft reconnaissance observations, microwave satellite observations, and model environmental analyses. The onset of RI was linked to an increase in sea surface temperatures and ocean heat content toward levels more commonly associated with North Atlantic RI episodes. Remarkably, Irma’s RI event comprised two rapidly evolving eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) episodes that each completed in less than 12 h. The two ERC events displayed different secondary eyewall formation (SEF) mechanisms and vortex evo- lutions. During the first SEF event, a secondary maximum in ascent and tangential wind was observed at the leading edge of a mesoscale descending inflow jet. During the ensuing ERC event, the primary eyewall weakened and ultimately collapsed, resulting in a brief period of weakening. The second SEF event displayed characteristics consistent with unbalanced boundary layer dynamics. Additionally, it is plausible that both SEF events were affected by the stagnation and axisymmeterization of outward-propagating vortex Rossby waves. -
Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, 1871-1993: an Historical Survey, the Only Books Or Reports Exclu- Sively on Florida Hurricanes Were R.W
3. 2b -.I 3 Contents List of Tables, Figures, and Plates, ix Foreword, xi Preface, xiii Chapter 1. Introduction, 1 Chapter 2. Historical Discussion of Florida Hurricanes, 5 1871-1900, 6 1901-1930, 9 1931-1960, 16 1961-1990, 24 Chapter 3. Four Years and Billions of Dollars Later, 36 1991, 36 1992, 37 1993, 42 1994, 43 Chapter 4. Allison to Roxanne, 47 1995, 47 Chapter 5. Hurricane Season of 1996, 54 Appendix 1. Hurricane Preparedness, 56 Appendix 2. Glossary, 61 References, 63 Tables and Figures, 67 Plates, 129 Index of Named Hurricanes, 143 Subject Index, 144 About the Authors, 147 Tables, Figures, and Plates Tables, 67 1. Saffir/Simpson Scale, 67 2. Hurricane Classification Prior to 1972, 68 3. Number of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, and Combined Total Storms by 10-Year Increments, 69 4. Florida Hurricanes, 1871-1996, 70 Figures, 84 l A-I. Great Miami Hurricane 2A-B. Great Lake Okeechobee Hurricane 3A-C.Great Labor Day Hurricane 4A-C. Hurricane Donna 5. Hurricane Cleo 6A-B. Hurricane Betsy 7A-C. Hurricane David 8. Hurricane Elena 9A-C. Hurricane Juan IOA-B. Hurricane Kate 1 l A-J. Hurricane Andrew 12A-C. Hurricane Albert0 13. Hurricane Beryl 14A-D. Hurricane Gordon 15A-C. Hurricane Allison 16A-F. Hurricane Erin 17A-B. Hurricane Jerry 18A-G. Hurricane Opal I9A. 1995 Hurricane Season 19B. Five 1995 Storms 20. Hurricane Josephine , Plates, X29 1. 1871-1880 2. 1881-1890 Foreword 3. 1891-1900 4. 1901-1910 5. 1911-1920 6. 1921-1930 7. 1931-1940 These days, nothing can escape the watchful, high-tech eyes of the National 8. -
Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
FLORIDA HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS 1871-1995: An Historical Survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams '+wcCopy~~ I~BN 0-912747-08-0 Florida SeaGrant College is supported by award of the Office of Sea Grant, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce,grant number NA 36RG-0070, under provisions of the NationalSea Grant College and Programs Act of 1966. This information is published by the Sea Grant Extension Program which functionsas a coinponentof the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, John T. Woeste, Dean, in conducting Cooperative Extensionwork in Agriculture, Home Economics, and Marine Sciences,State of Florida, U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, U.S. Departmentof Commerce, and Boards of County Commissioners, cooperating.Printed and distributed in furtherance af the Actsof Congressof May 8 andJune 14, 1914.The Florida Sea Grant Collegeis an Equal Opportunity-AffirmativeAction employer authorizedto provide research, educational information and other servicesonly to individuals and institutions that function without regardto race,color, sex, age,handicap or nationalorigin. Coverphoto: Hank Brandli & Rob Downey LOANCOPY ONLY Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 1871-1995: An Historical survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams Division of Marine and Environmental Systems, Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, FL 32901 Technical Paper - 71 June 1994 $5.00 Copies may be obtained from: Florida Sea Grant College Program University of Florida Building 803 P.O. Box 110409 Gainesville, FL 32611-0409 904-392-2801 II Our friend andcolleague, Fred Doehringpictured below, died on January 5, 1993, before this manuscript was completed. Until his death, Fred had spent the last 18 months painstakingly researchingdata for this book. -
Characteristics of Hurricane Lili's Intensity Changes Adele Marie Babin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2004 Characteristics of Hurricane Lili's intensity changes Adele Marie Babin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Babin, Adele Marie, "Characteristics of Hurricane Lili's intensity changes" (2004). LSU Master's Theses. 498. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/498 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHARACTERISTICS OF HURRICANE LILI’S INTENSITY CHANGES A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Natural Sciences in The Interdepartmental Program in Natural Sciences by Adele Marie Babin B.S. Louisiana State University, 1995 December 2004 DEDICATION I dedicate this research first and foremost to my mother Jane Alice Head Babin who passed before its completion, but her encouragement and inspiration motivated me onward. I also wish to dedicate the manuscript to my immediate family members: Father- Alfred Mark Babin Sister- Christa Babin Marshall, and husband Robert Andrew Marshall Brother- Dane Mark Babin, and wife Rachel Gros Babin and Grandmother: Mabel Babin Clement. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I extend my deepest gratitude to Dr. S.A. -
The Structure and Evolution of Hurricane Elena (1985). Part I: Symmetric Intensification
OCTOBER 2005 C ORBOSIERO ET AL. 2905 The Structure and Evolution of Hurricane Elena (1985). Part I: Symmetric Intensification KRISTEN L. CORBOSIERO AND JOHN MOLINARI Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York MICHAEL L. BLACK Hurricane Research Division, NOAA/AOML, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 1 December 2004, in final form 17 March 2005) ABSTRACT One of the most complete aircraft reconnaissance and ground-based radar datasets of a single tropical cyclone was recorded in Hurricane Elena (1985) as it made a slow, 3-day anticyclonic loop in the Gulf of Mexico. Eighty-eight radial legs and 47 vertical incidence scans were collected aboard NOAA WP-3D aircraft, and 1142 ground-based radar scans were made of Elena’s eyewall and inner rainbands as the storm intensified from a disorganized category 2 to an intense category 3 hurricane. This large amount of con- tinuously collected data made it possible to examine changes that occurred in Elena’s inner-core symmetric structure as the storm intensified. On the first day of study, Elena was under the influence of vertical wind shear from an upper-tropospheric trough to the west. The storm was disorganized, with no discernable eyewall and nearly steady values of tangential wind and relative vorticity. Early on the second day of study, a near superposition and construc- tive interference occurred between the trough and Elena, coincident with upward vertical velocities and the radial gradient of reflectivity becoming concentrated around the 30-km radius. Once an inner wind maxi- mum and eyewall developed, the radius of maximum winds contracted and a sharp localized vorticity maximum emerged, with much lower values on either side. -
Exam Composition: 50-60% Multiple Choice Or History Matching; 40-40% Short Essay, Draw and Explain, Or Problems
MET 4532 Exam #2 Review 13NOV17 Exam composition: 50-60% multiple choice or history matching; 40-40% short essay, draw and explain, or problems. Covers: lectures 19-29. You will have about an hour. We will begin promptly at 11:00 and end a bit after noon. Bring pencils and a scientific calculator. Waves (LEC 20) 1. Definitions: a. Sea: Waves excited locally by the wind b. Swell: Waves excited elsewhere c. Wavelength: Distance from crest-to-crest d. Period: Time between crests or toughs e. Height: Vertical distance from trough to crest f. Phase speed = Wavelength/Period 2. Deep-water waves a. Water moves in circular orbits b. Converges ahead of troughs and diverges behind crests c. “Dispersive”---longer waves move faster than short ones 3. Shallow-water waves a. Water moves back and forth horizontally b. Waves in shallow water move faster than waves in not-so-shallow water c. “Nondispersive” ---all wavelengths move with the same speed provided that the water is shallow d. Near shore, wave slowing in shallow water focus energy on promontories and away from bays 4. Waves grow as the wind pushes on their backs and pulls at their fronts a. Fastest growing move with 1/6 of wind speed b. Limited by Fetch or Duration in many cases c. Fully arisen sea---max possible for a given wind speed 5. Waves break when their steepness (H/L) > 1/7 6. Waves are higher in the hazardous semicircle because winds are stronger and because the waves move with the hurricane, and conversely in the navigable semicircle.