DOCSLIB.ORG

Characteristics of Hurricane Lili's Intensity Changes Adele Marie Babin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characteristics of Hurricane Lili's Intensity Changes Adele Marie Babin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ababin@Lsu.Edu Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2004 Characteristics of Hurricane Lili's intensity changes Adele Marie Babin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Babin, Adele Marie, "Characteristics of Hurricane Lili's intensity changes" (2004). LSU Master's Theses. 498. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/498 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHARACTERISTICS OF HURRICANE LILI’S INTENSITY CHANGES A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Natural Sciences in The Interdepartmental Program in Natural Sciences by Adele Marie Babin B.S. Louisiana State University, 1995 December 2004 DEDICATION I dedicate this research first and foremost to my mother Jane Alice Head Babin who passed before its completion, but her encouragement and inspiration motivated me onward. I also wish to dedicate the manuscript to my immediate family members: Father- Alfred Mark Babin Sister- Christa Babin Marshall, and husband Robert Andrew Marshall Brother- Dane Mark Babin, and wife Rachel Gros Babin and Grandmother: Mabel Babin Clement. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I extend my deepest gratitude to Dr. S.A. Hsu for his patience, understanding, and spur of the moment hallway conversations where he shared his vast knowledge. I owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. Nan Walker and Dr. Barry Keim for their excellent advice on the research and manuscript development. Dr. Walker and the entire Earth Scan Laboratory staff are especially recognized for excellent data programming, data archiving, and tolerance of special circumstances during the writing stage of this manuscript. Dr. Oscar K. Huh, retired professor and ESL Director Emeritus, is profusely thanked for his moral and work ethic example which guided me into the world of science. The remainder of the faculty and staff at Coastal Studies Institute are acknowledged for the little things and providing a stimulating research environment. Personally, I would like to recognize all of my family who each helped me with confidence and determination through the rough patches of life. Also, I must thank Noell, Margit, and Nola Lee without whose support this research would never have been completed. Dr. Greg Stone and Dr. X.P. Zhang are thanked for sharing the WAVCIS data. Appreciation goes out to Dr. Bob Leben for compiling and sharing the satellite altimeter data. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION................................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................................iii ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 2 Background Information................................................................................................. 2 a. Hurricane Lili............................................................................................................ 2 b. Tropical Storm Isidore .............................................................................................. 2 2 A CLIMATOLOGY OF RAPID AND EXPLOSIVE PRESSURE CHANGES IN HURRICANES ............................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 5 2 Literature Review............................................................................................................5 3 Data and Methods ........................................................................................................... 7 4 Results........................................................................................................................... 10 a. Pressure Climatology by Type................................................................................ 10 b. Saffir-Simpson Category Analysis ......................................................................... 27 c. Comparison to Hurricane Lili (2002)...................................................................... 29 5 Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................................... 31 3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LILI'S INTENSITY CHANGES AND SATELLITE MEASURED ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR...................................................... 35 1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 35 2 Literature Review.......................................................................................................... 35 3 Data and Methods ......................................................................................................... 37 4 Results........................................................................................................................... 41 a. Trends in the Time Series ....................................................................................... 41 b. 6 Hour Intensity Phases .......................................................................................... 52 c. Dry Core Distance Analysis.................................................................................... 95 5 Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................................... 98 4 SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND AIR-SEA INTERACTION CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................ 104 1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 104 2 Literature Review........................................................................................................ 104 3 Data and Methods ....................................................................................................... 107 4 Results......................................................................................................................... 112 a. SST Characteristics ............................................................................................... 124 b. Heat Flux Characteristics...................................................................................... 125 c. Intensification and Weakening Stages .................................................................. 133 iv d. Ocean Heat Content .............................................................................................. 142 5 Summary and Conclusions ......................................................................................... 146 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................... 149 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 153 APPENDIX: WAVCIS............................................................................................................... 159 VITA........................................................................................................................................... 166 v ABSTRACT Rapid intensity changes of Hurricane Lili in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) were studied in three distinct ways: climatology, satellite remote sensing, and surface meteorological and oceanographic measurements. Each research methodology provided insight about Hurricane Lili’s intensity behavior. A climatology of rapid and explosive intensifications of hurricanes was developed using minimum central pressure observations for the Atlantic tropical cyclone record. Results showed these events were frequent, especially in the GOM. The majority of intensification events occurred ≤ 24 h before landfall, with a third to one-half ≤ 12 h. Lili emerged anomalous as the only hurricane to weaken at a greater rate (+17 hPa over 6 h or +2.83 hPa h-1) than its rapid intensification event rate (-13 hPa over 6 h or -2.16 hPa h-1). GOES-8 satellite water vapor brightness temperature data were investigated using a -24 °C vapor front to delineate a dry air mass west of Lili. Drier air was shown to affect Lili during a rapid weakening phase after the two features were less than 250 km mean or 215 km minimum distance apart. These critical distances are offered as a criterion for a relationship between tropical cyclone weakening and dry air advection. During the time periods where Lili was intensifying or maintaining intensity, this vapor front exhibited more complex signatures of definitive breaks, shape changes, and protrusions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Informed System Development Approach to Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecasting
    Linköping Studies in Science and Technology Dissertations. No. 1734 An Informed System Development Approach to Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecasting by Chandan Roy Department of Computer and Information Science Linköping University SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden Linköping 2016 Cover image: Hurricane Isabel (2003), NASA, image in public domain. Copyright © 2016 Chandan Roy ISBN: 978-91-7685-854-7 ISSN 0345-7524 Printed by LiU Tryck, Linköping 2015 URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123198 ii Abstract Introduction: Tropical Cyclones (TCs) inflict considerable damage to life and property every year. A major problem is that residents often hesitate to follow evacuation orders when the early warning messages are perceived as inaccurate or uninformative. The root problem is that providing accurate early forecasts can be difficult, especially in countries with less economic and technical means. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to investigate how cyclone early warning systems can be technically improved. This means, first, identifying problems associated with the current cyclone early warning systems, and second, investigating if biologically based Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are feasible to solve some of the identified problems. Method: First, for evaluating the efficiency of cyclone early warning systems, Bangladesh was selected as study area, where a questionnaire survey and an in-depth interview were administered. Second, a review of currently operational TC track forecasting techniques was conducted to gain a better understanding of various techniques’ prediction performance, data requirements, and computational resource requirements. Third, a technique using biologically based ANNs was developed to produce TC track and intensity forecasts.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Hurricane History
    Texas Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD Table of Contents Preface 3 Climatology of Texas Tropical Cyclones 4 List of Texas Hurricanes 8 Tropical Cyclone Records in Texas 11 Hurricanes of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 12 Hurricanes of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 13 Hurricanes of the Late Nineteenth Century 16 The First Indianola Hurricane - 1875 21 Last Indianola Hurricane (1886)- The Storm That Doomed Texas’ Major Port 24 The Great Galveston Hurricane (1900) 29 Hurricanes of the Early Twentieth Century 31 Corpus Christi’s Devastating Hurricane (1919) 38 San Antonio’s Great Flood – 1921 39 Hurricanes of the Late Twentieth Century 48 Hurricanes of the Early Twenty-First Century 68 Acknowledgments 74 Bibliography 75 Preface Every year, about one hundred tropical disturbances roam the open Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. About fifteen of these become tropical depressions, areas of low pressure with closed wind patterns. Of the fifteen, ten become tropical storms, and six become hurricanes. Every five years, one of the hurricanes will become reach category five status, normally in the western Atlantic or western Caribbean. About every fifty years, one of these extremely intense hurricanes will strike the United States, with disastrous consequences. Texas has seen its share of hurricane activity over the many years it has been inhabited. Nearly five hundred years ago, unlucky Spanish explorers learned firsthand what storms along the coast of the Lone Star State were capable of. Despite these setbacks, Spaniards set down roots across Mexico and Texas and started colonies. Galleons filled with gold and other treasures sank to the bottom of the Gulf, off such locations as Padre and Galveston Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Variations Aperiodic Extreme Sea Level in Cuba Under the Influence
    Extreme non-regular sea level variations in Cuba under the influence of intense tropical cyclones. Item Type Journal Contribution Authors Hernández González, M. Citation Serie Oceanológica, (8). p. 13-24 Publisher Instituto de Oceanología Download date 02/10/2021 16:50:34 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4053 Serie Oceanológica. No. 8, 2011 ISSN 2072-800x Extreme non-regular sea level variations in Cuba under the influence of intense tropical cyclones. Variaciones aperiódicas extremas del nivel del mar en Cuba bajo la influencia de intensos ciclones tropicales. Marcelino Hernández González* *Institute of Oceanology. Ave. 1ra. No.18406 entre 184 y 186. Flores, Playa, Havana, Cuba. [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was sponsored by the scientific – technical service "Real Time Measurement and Transmission of Information. Development of Operational Oceanographic Products", developed at the Institute of Oceanology. The author wishes to thank Mrs. Martha M. Rivero Fernandez, from the Marine Information Service of the Institute of Oceanology, for her support in the translation of this article. Abstract This paper aimed at analyzing non-regular sea level variations of meteorological origin under the influence of six major tropical cyclones that affected Cuba, from sea level hourly height series in twelve coastal localities. As a result, it was obtained a characterization of the magnitude and timing of extreme sea level variations under the influence of intense tropical cyclones. Resumen El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar las variaciones aperiódicas del nivel del mar de origen meteorológico bajo la influencia de seis de los principales ciclones tropicales que han afectado a Cuba, a partir de series de alturas horarias del nivel del mar de doce localidades costeras.
    [Show full text]
  • 19810013173.Pdf
    N O T I C E THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM MICROFICHE. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT CERTAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RELEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE ^, r7 F- a t ^^ yF { a i lit Technical Memorandum 80596 i zi t Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Characteristics as determined from a Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer E. B. Rodgers and R. F. Adler Nq A Scf, ^Et1 dtrC'wQre DECEMBER 1979 APR 1991 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (NASA—TM-•80596) TOPICAL CYCLONE RAINFALL N81-21703 CHARACTERISTI C S AS DETERMINED FROM A SATELLITE PASSIVE MICBORAVE :RADIOMETER (NAS A) 48 P HC Ana/MF A01 CSCL 04.B UUclaa G 3/47 41970 I. Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Characteristics As Determined From a Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer Edward B. i odgas and Robert F. Adler Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences (GLAS) Goddard Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Greenbelt, MD 20771 ABSTRACT Data from the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR-S) have been used to calculate latent licat release (LHR) and other rainfall parameters for over 70 satellite obser- vations of 21 tropical cyclones during 1973, 1974, and 1975 in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. The results indicate that the ESMR-5 measurements can be useful in determining the rainfall charac- teristics of these storms and appear to be potentially use"ul in monitoring as well as predicting their intensity. The ESMR-5 derived total tropical cyclone rainfall estimates agree favorably with pre- vious estimates for both the disturbance and typhoon stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Commission on Hurricane Loss Projection Methodology
    Florida Commission on Hurricane Loss Projection Methodology Hurricane Ike Professional Team Report 22000088 SSttaannddaarrddss EQECAT, Inc. On-Site Review April 13 – 15, 2009 Additional Verification Review June 2, 2009 EQECAT Professional Team Report April 13-15, 2009 & June 2, 2009 On April 13-15, 2009 the Professional Team visited on-site at EQECAT, Inc. in Oakland, California. The following individuals participated in the review: EQECAT Shawna S. Ackerman, FCAS, MAAA, Principal and Consulting Actuary – Pinnacle Actuarial Resources, Inc. Branimir Betov, M.S., Senior Software Engineer Justin Brolley, Ph.D., Hazards Modeler and Research Scientist Apoorv Dabral, Ph.D., Project Engineer Aarti Dinesh, Product Manager Mahmoud M. Khater, Ph.D., P.E., Senior Vice President, Chief Science and Technology Officer Omar Khemici, Ph.D., P.E., Director (Structural Engineering) Bob Konz, Structural Wind Engineer (via phone) John Mangano, Vice President, Meteorologist David F. Smith, Senior Vice President, Technology Development and Consulting Jie Zhou, Ph.D., Research Scientist Professional Team Jenni Evans, Ph.D., Meteorologist Paul Fishwick, Ph.D., Computer Scientist Mark Johnson, Ph.D., Statistician, Team Leader Marty Simons, ACAS, Actuary Masoud Zadeh, Ph.D., P.E., Structural Engineer Donna Sirmons, Staff The review began with introductions and an overview of the audit process. EQECAT began with a discussion of the following model change: • Probabilistic hurricane database regenerated to be consistent with HURDAT as of June 1, 2008, and to additionally include the 2008 hurricane season. During the course of the audit, a further change was identified relative to a sampling method (see revised response to G-1.5). The Professional Team was unable to verify Standards A-6 (Logical Relationship to Risk) and A-10 (Output Ranges).
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 15 Hurricane Structure
    MET 200 Lecture 15 Hurricanes Last Lecture: Atmospheric Optics Structure and Climatology The amazing variety of optical phenomena observed in the atmosphere can be explained by four physical mechanisms. • What is the structure or anatomy of a hurricane? • How to build a hurricane? - hurricane energy • Hurricane climatology - when and where Hurricane Katrina • Scattering • Reflection • Refraction • Diffraction 1 2 Colorado Flood Damage Hurricanes: Useful Websites http://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/ http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tc_pages/tc_home.html http://tropic.ssec.wisc.edu http://www.nhc.noaa.gov Hurricane Alberto Hurricanes are much broader than they are tall. 3 4 Hurricane Raymond Hurricane Raymond 5 6 Hurricane Raymond Hurricane Raymond 7 8 Hurricane Raymond: wind shear Typhoon Francisco 9 10 Typhoon Francisco Typhoon Francisco 11 12 Typhoon Francisco Typhoon Francisco 13 14 Typhoon Lekima Typhoon Lekima 15 16 Typhoon Lekima Hurricane Priscilla 17 18 Hurricane Priscilla Hurricanes are Tropical Cyclones Hurricanes are a member of a family of cyclones called Tropical Cyclones. West of the dateline these storms are called Typhoons. In India and Australia they are called simply Cyclones. 19 20 Hurricane Isaac: August 2012 Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones • Low pressure systems that don’t have fronts • Cyclonic winds (counter clockwise in Northern Hemisphere) • Anticyclonic outflow (clockwise in NH) at upper levels • Warm at their center or core • Wind speeds decrease with height • Symmetric structure about clear "eye" • Latent heat from condensation in clouds primary energy source • Form over warm tropical and subtropical oceans NASA VIIRS Day-Night Band 21 22 • Differences between hurricanes and midlatitude storms: Differences between hurricanes and midlatitude storms: – energy source (latent heat vs temperature gradients) - Winter storms have cold and warm fronts (asymmetric).
    [Show full text]
  • Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific Ab Sins Nicholas S
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School March 2019 Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific aB sins Nicholas S. Grondin Louisiana State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Climate Commons, Meteorology Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Grondin, Nicholas S., "Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific asinB s" (2019). LSU Master's Theses. 4864. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4864 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATOLOGY, VARIABILITY, AND RETURN PERIODS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE STRIKES IN THE NORTHEASTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC BASINS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Nicholas S. Grondin B.S. Meteorology, University of South Alabama, 2016 May 2019 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, especially mom, Mim and Pop, for their love and encouragement every step of the way. This thesis is dedicated to my friends and fraternity brothers, especially Dillon, Sarah, Clay, and Courtney, for their friendship and support. This thesis is dedicated to all of my teachers and college professors, especially Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane and Tropical Storm
    State of New Jersey 2014 Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 5. Risk Assessment 5.8 Hurricane and Tropical Storm 2014 Plan Update Changes The 2014 Plan Update includes tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surge in this hazard profile. In the 2011 HMP, storm surge was included in the flood hazard. The hazard profile has been significantly enhanced to include a detailed hazard description, location, extent, previous occurrences, probability of future occurrence, severity, warning time and secondary impacts. New and updated data and figures from ONJSC are incorporated. New and updated figures from other federal and state agencies are incorporated. Potential change in climate and its impacts on the flood hazard are discussed. The vulnerability assessment now directly follows the hazard profile. An exposure analysis of the population, general building stock, State-owned and leased buildings, critical facilities and infrastructure was conducted using best available SLOSH and storm surge data. Environmental impacts is a new subsection. 5.8.1 Profile Hazard Description A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2013a). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of a Warm Oceanic Feature on Hurricane Opal
    1366 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 128 Effects of a Warm Oceanic Feature on Hurricane Opal LYNN K. SHAY Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida GUSTAVO J. GONI Physical Oceanography Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, Miami, Florida PETER G. BLACK Hurricane Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 24 September 1998, in ®nal form 21 February 1999) ABSTRACT On 4 October 1995, Hurricane Opal deepened from 965 to 916 hPa in the Gulf of Mexico over a 14-h period upon encountering a warm core ring (WCR) in the ocean shed by the Loop Current during an upper-level atmospheric trough interaction. Based on historical hydrographic measurements placed within the context of a two-layer model and surface height anomalies (SHA) from the radar altimeter on the TOPEX mission, upper- layer thickness ®elds indicated the presence of two warm core rings during September and October 1995. As Hurricane Opal passed directly over one of these WCRs, the 1-min surface winds increased from 35 to more than 60 m s21, and the radius of maximum wind decreased from 40 to 25 km. Pre-Opal SHAs in the WCR exceeded 30 cm where the estimated depth of the 208C isotherm was located between 175 and 200 m. Subsequent to Opal's passage, this depth decreased approximately 50 m, which suggests upwelling underneath the storm track due to Ekman divergence. The maximum heat loss of approximately 24 Kcal cm22 relative to depth of the 268C isotherm was a factor of 6 times the threshold value required to sustain a hurricane.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerial Rapid Assessment of Hurricane Damages to Northern Gulf Coastal Habitats
    8786 ReportScience Title and the Storms: the USGS Response to the Hurricanes of 2005 Chapter Five: Landscape5 Changes The hurricanes of 2005 greatly changed the landscape of the Gulf Coast. The following articles document the initial damage assessment from coastal Alabama to Texas; the change of 217 mi2 of coastal Louisiana to water after Katrina and Rita; estuarine damage to barrier islands of the central Gulf Coast, especially Dauphin Island, Ala., and the Chandeleur Islands, La.; erosion of beaches of western Louisiana after Rita; and the damages and loss of floodplain forest of the Pearl River Basin. Aerial Rapid Assessment of Hurricane Damages to Northern Gulf Coastal Habitats By Thomas C. Michot, Christopher J. Wells, and Paul C. Chadwick Hurricane Katrina made landfall in southeast Louisiana on August 29, 2005, and Hurricane Rita made landfall in southwest Louisiana on September 24, 2005. Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) flew aerial surveys to assess damages to natural resources and to lands owned and managed by the U.S. Department of the Interior and other agencies. Flights were made on eight dates from August Introduction 27 through October 4, including one pre-Katrina, three post-Katrina, The USGS National Wetlands and four post-Rita surveys. The Research Center (NWRC) has a geographic area surveyed history of conducting aerial rapid- extended from Galveston, response surveys to assess Tex., to Gulf Shores, hurricane damages along the Ala., and from the Gulf coastal areas of the Gulf of of Mexico shoreline Mexico and Caribbean inland 5–75 mi Sea. Posthurricane (8–121 km).
    [Show full text]
  • BERNAL-THESIS-2020.Pdf (5.477Mb)
    BROWNWOOD: BAYTOWN’S MOST HISTORIC NEIGHBORHOOD by Laura Bernal A thesis submitted to the History Department, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Chair of Committee: Dr. Monica Perales Committee Member: Dr. Mark Goldberg Committee Member: Dr. Kristin Wintersteen University of Houston May 2020 Copyright 2020, Laura Bernal “A land without ruins is a land without memories – a land without memories is a land without history.” -Father Abram Joseph Ryan, “A Land Without Ruins” iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, and foremost, I want to thank God for guiding me on this journey. Thank you to my family for their unwavering support, especially to my parents and sisters. Thank you for listening to me every time I needed to work out an idea and for staying up late with me as I worked on this project. More importantly, thank you for accompanying me to the Baytown Nature Center hoping to find more house foundations. I am very grateful to the professors who helped me. Dr. Monica Perales, my advisor, thank you for your patience and your guidance as I worked on this project. Thank you to my defense committee, Dr. Kristin Wintersteen and Dr. Goldberg. Your advice helped make this my best work. Additionally, I would like to thank Dr. Debbie Harwell, who encouraged me to pursue this project, even when I doubted it its impact. Thank you to the friends and co-workers who listened to my opinions and encouraged me to not give up. Lastly, I would like to thank the people I interviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishing Pier Design Guidance Part 1
    Fishing Pier Design Guidance Part 1: Historical Pier Damage in Florida Ralph R. Clark Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems May 2010 Table of Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1 – Introduction................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 – Ocean and Gulf Pier Damages in Florida................................................... 4 Chapter 3 – Three Major Hurricanes of the Late 1970’s............................................... 6 September 23, 1975 – Hurricane Eloise ...................................................................... 6 September 3, 1979 – Hurricane David ........................................................................ 6 September 13, 1979 – Hurricane Frederic.................................................................. 7 Chapter 4 – Two Hurricanes and Four Storms of the 1980’s........................................ 8 June 18, 1982 – No Name Storm.................................................................................. 8 November 21-24, 1984 – Thanksgiving Storm............................................................ 8 August 30-September 1, 1985 – Hurricane Elena ...................................................... 9 October 31,
    [Show full text]