Bates State Park Master Plan 2010

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Master Plan 20102010 Bates State Park Master Plan 2010

Oregon Parks & Recreation Department: Salem, Oregon Th e mission of the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department is to provide and protect outstanding natural, scenic, cultural, historic and recreational sites for the enjoyment and education of present and future generations.

Oregon Parks & Recreation Department 725 Summer St. N.E., Suite C Salem, OR 97301-0792 Info Center: 1-800-551-6949 egov.oregon.gov/OPRD/index.shtml

Title: Bates State Park: Master Plan

Prepared by: Mark Davison

Publication Rights: Information in this report may be copied and used with the condition that credit is given to Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. Th is report has been prepared for in-house use and will not be made available for sale. Photographs and graphics may not be reproduced for reuse without permission of the owners or the repositories noted in the captions.

Cover Image: Photo of Bates State Park at conﬂ uence of Bridge Creek and Middle Fork of John Day River (OPRD 2009).

ii Bates State Park Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Master Plan Summary 1 Chapter 2: Master Planning Process and Products 13 Chapter 3: Park Resource Assessments 17 Chapter 4: Th e Park and Its Context 53 Chapter 5: Interpretive Assessment 63 Chapter 6: Park Use and Management Issues 67 Chapter 7: Opportunities and Constraints 73 Chapter 8: Goals for Park Management and Improvement 83 Chapter 9: Strategies for Park Resource Management 89 Chapter 10: Park Development Concept Plans 103 Chapter 11: Strategies for Park Interpretation 129 Chapter 12: Land Use Compatibility and Permitting 131 Appendices and Bibliography 135

Master Plan 2010 iii List of Maps

Map 1: Bates State Park Existing Conditions Plan 7 Map 2: Bates State Park General Plan 9 Map 3: Park Management Zones 11 Map 4: Context Plan 39 Map 5: Terrain Model 41 Map 6: Soils 43 Map 7: Historic Vegetation 45 Map 8: Plant Communities, Age Classes, and Condition Classes 47 Map 9: Wetlands and Water Features 49 Map 10: Composite Natural Resource Value Map 51 Map 11: Opportunities and Constraints 81 Map 12: Restoration Concepts 99 Map 13: Major Day Use and Campground Plan 115 Map 14: Trails Plan 121 Map 15: Vegetation Cover and Detailed Plant Communities 149

iv Bates State Park Acknowledgements

OPRD Director: Tim Wood, Director Kyleen Stone, Assistant Director, Recreation Programs and Planning John Potter, Assistant Director, Operations

OPRD Staﬀ : Mark Davison, Master Planning Coordinator Larry Miller, Region 4 Manager Curtis Smith, District Manager Dennis Bradley, Park Manager Letha Crawford, Region 4 Program Coordinator Kathy Schutt, Master Planning Manager Carrie Lovellette, Division Assistant Brady Callahan, GIS Program Coordinator Dave Quillin, GIS Technician Terry Bergerson, SCORP Planner Jamie Little, Interpretive Coordinator Darrell Monk, Engineering Project Manager Jim Morgan, Natural resource Manager Noel Bacheller, Natural Resource Specialist / Botanist Jay Schleier, Natural Resource Specialist / Wildlife Biologist Danae Whipp, Landscape Designer

Advisory Name and Aﬃ liation Committee: Amy Charette, North Fork John Day Watershed Council Bart Johnson, University of Oregon Brian Cochran, Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Don Butcher, Oregon DEQ Doug Gochnour, US Forest Service Greg Haberly, John Day Polaris Gregg Smith, Friends of Bates Hilary Mcnary, Grant County Planning Department Jeﬀ Neal, Oregon Dept of Fish & Wildlife Jim Ruzycki, Oregon Dept of Fish & Wildlife Mark Webb, Grant County Judge Mayor Bob Quinton, John Day Mayor Darrell Hale, Sumpter Mayor Stan Horrell, Prairie City Scott Truro, Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Shannon Springer, Grant County Planning Department Sharon Mogg, Grant County Chamber of Commerce

Other Th anks to other OPRD and SHPO staﬀ who contributed information, insight and ideas Contributors: including: Nancy Nelson, Ross Curtis, Steve Smith, Tammy Baumann, Rocky Houston, Jan Houck, Ron Campbell, and Roger Roper.

Contacts: Mark Davison, Master Planning Coordinator 503-986-0744 Larry Miller, Region 4 Manager 541-388-6316 Kathy Schutt, Master Planning Manager 503-986-0745

Master Plan 2010 v A Plan Summary: Chapter 1

Vision for the Future adjoins the Middle Fork John Day River and includes two of its tributaries, Bridge Many Oregonians fondly remember and Clear Creeks. Th e Middle Fork is a growing up in the town of Bates and state focus area for enhancing and restoring working at the Bates Mill. Although habitat for native fi sh and the park off ers a the buildings are gone, this is still a very great opportunity for OPRD to become a important place for former mill workers, part of that eff ort. Bates State Park is the their families and for current Grant County only OPRD access on the Middle Fork and residents. Creating a state park at Bates complements other OPRD accesses on the has been a local focus for years. In 2008, main stem and North Fork. growing recreational need in this region and outstanding local support caused Th e park will off er a variety of experiences Bates State Park to become a new 131- to its visitors, including access to the acre state park when it was purchased by history and natural history of the place Oregon Parks and Recreation Department through a system of loop trails. Hikers (OPRD). Th e park is best known as the can learn about the former mill and town, site of the former Bates Mill and is adjacent and about the challenge of restoring to the Bates town site. Th e upper mill native fi sh populations by recreating their pond is the last remaining major feature habitat along the Middle Fork and the from the former mill and town. park’s creeks and pond. Trails will take visitors around the pond, down to the Th e new park is located off of Highway water and to a picnicking ground at the 7 in eastern Grant County. It joins quiet end of the valley. Additional loops Clyde Holliday State Recreation Site and will lead onto the ridges to reach views of KamWah Chung State Heritage Site as the valley and surrounding highlands, to OPRD parks in the county. Th e park forested meadows and onto neighboring

1 trails. Th ere will be a place to gather for one new state park each year. To prepare, group events and large picnics, and a small a master plan will direct the management campground at the base of the dam, at goals, uses, facilities and interpretive themes Bates Pond and on the low hillside. for the park. Initial habitat restoration, park cleanup and improvements for public Th is is where the former residents and access and use will be completed for the workers come. Every other year, Th e park opening. Th e rest of the master Friends of Bates host a gathering below plan will be implemented, as funds allow, the mill pond to reminisce and renew over the typical 20 year horizon for an friendships with former residents, workers OPRD park master plan. After the park and their families. In the summer of 2009, opens, work will continue on natural looking to the future, Th e Friends of Bates resource monitoring and planning, and on reviewed and discussed their hopes for the interpretive planning. park at Bates. It will take more time to determine what Need for a Plan Now the full extent of resource management will entail for the park, and many years more Th is newly acquired park is scheduled to before enhancement of this former mill site open as a “Park a Year” in 2011, according will make a diﬀ erence in the way the park to the Governor’s 2004 directive to open looks and how it functions for native ﬁ sh

Trees on the hillside with Bates Pond in the distance. (OPRD 2009).

2 Bates State Park and wildlife. With help from friends and Oregon Parks and Recreation Commission partners, the long-term restoration process reviewed plan progress at their July and and park construction will reshape the September 2009 meetings. Following Bates landscape to meet the vision for its Commission approval, the plan will move future. to Grant County for their comments and for approval of a land use application for Process and Goals development of the plan facility concepts.

Th e Bates State Park Master Plan is the Th is input, together with the assessments result of a public involvement process of the park’s resources, opportunities and that engaged local residents, neighboring constraints, shaped three broad goals for agencies, Th e Confederated Tribes of the plan: Warm Springs, natural resource agencies Protect and improve habitat for native and advocacy groups, Th e Friends of fi sh and wildlife along the creeks, river, Bates, recreation advocates and fi sh habitat Bates Pond, and in the meadows and advocates in creating a viable long-term forest. vision for the park. OPRD held an advisory committee meeting and public Provide for recreation access and use meetings in February and July 2009. Th e in a manner that is compatible with natural and scenic resource protection and enhancement, and to allow for day use, camping, trails and interpretive experiences. Interpret the history of the former town, the mill and Bates Pond, and eff orts to improve the natural and scenic setting at the park.

Recommendations

Th e master plan recommendations are an attempt to balance the need for protection and enhancement of the unique natural resources present at the site with the public’s use and enjoyment of the place.

A Plan Summary: Chapter 1 3 Th e plan sets out Management and Use Natural Resource Management Strategies: Goals, Resource Management Strategies and Development Concepts that provide Work with resource agencies and others a framework for further planning, to deﬁ ne a multifaceted approach for design and implementation of habitat park habitat enhancements that identify restoration and facility construction. Th ose short-term projects for immediate recommendations are summarized on the improvement and a long-term plan; following General Park Plan map and Focus initially on increasing riparian listed elements. Facilities are proposed for vegetation along Bates Pond, creeks and locations that would not preclude long- river; term natural resource management options. Assess other options for improving water quality in the creeks, river and In addition, a Natural Resource Bates Pond to enhance ﬁ sh habitat; Management Plan based on the Park OPRD will work with natural resource Management Zone map and further agencies in developing a potential studies, will be completed over time. A mitigation and compliance approach for more detailed Interpretive Plan will also Bates Pond that can be consistent with be completed. Together, these plans will water quality standards. (Final decisions help guide the habitat management and about long-term habitat restoration educational programming for the park. projects will be made after further study, following the approval of the master plan.) Protect and improve the native meadow and coniferous forest habitats over time; and Improve the scenic qualities of the park.

Recreation Concepts:

Provide a network of trail loops within the park and potential connections to trails outside of the park, using the day use parking lot as a trailhead; Interpretive sites and viewpoints that will be accessed via the trail system, and at day use and camping areas;

Former Bates residents annual gathering (OPRD 2009).

4 Bates State Park A main day use area and trailhead below its strong cultural associations with the dam with parking, picnic shelter, the former Bates residents and local interpretive hub, and open play area; community and its importance for the A 35 unit camping loop with showers; setting; Up to 12 camper cabins and 10 walk-in Confi rm whether there are any camping sites on the hillside; important prehistoric sites at the park. A small day use area with a picnic shelter at the upper end of Bates Pond; The Park Today and Th e Existing Conditions Map shows A sanitary dump station and the park site in 2008. Bates Pond is maintenance area. clearly visible with its earthen dam and unvegetated mill site below. Th e dam Interpretive Th emes and Delivery: has a concrete fi sh ladder. Th e Middle Th e primary interpretive theme will be: Fork bounds the north end of the park and the mill site. Th e remains of the kiln “Transforming the Bates Mill site into are shown, but will be removed by the a park off ers a window onto the people opening of the park for safety purposes. who lived and worked there and the Th e site has a good, gravel, access road place.” from County Road 20 and State Highway Th ree other themes will be: 7, to the old mill site and along the east 1. Bates represents the dynamic nature side of the pond. A gravel service road of early natural resource dependent winds along Bridge Creek and up into the economies in Eastern Oregon. National Forest and another runs across the southeast corner of the site. A former 2. Although the buildings are gone, quarry lies just outside the northwest Bates is fondly remembered. corner of the park. Two rental houses stand 3. Th e restoration of natural habitats on the National Forest to the southeast. at Bates will encourage the recovery Th e park’s largest neighbor is the Umatilla and survival of native plants, fi sh and National Forest on the west and south. wildlife. Th e Confederated Tribes of the Warm Deliver themes through interpretive Springs own land along the Middle Fork panels, tours and a brochure. just downstream from the park. Lands to the east and north are privately owned Cultural Resource Management Strategies: and used for cattle. Th e park has water from several sources and electric service is One of the management goals for available. A small power line crosses the the park is to retain the pond, due to

A Plan Summary: Chapter 1 5 property. Th e old dynamite shack and a couple of wooden shacks remain, along with a few broken foundations. Th e site is otherwise undeveloped. Th e mill site has been cleared and graded and ﬁ lled. Th e creeks, river and Bates Pond are largely devoid of riparian vegetation and have been moved to channels for the mill and town use.

Th e park is administered by OPRD’s Region Four oﬃ ce in Bend, and by the District and Clyde Holliday SRS oﬃ ces in John Day.

Conclusion

Th e following master plan is based on careful consideration by the department and Commission of the many views and interests expressed during the planning process. It is meant to present a balanced view of state park management that can bring the greatest public beneﬁ t in light of OPRD’s mission and mandates. Th is master plan is a key step toward responsible management of this resource, while providing the public with a safe, enjoyable experience of this memorable place.

6 Bates State Park Master Planning Process and Products: Chapter 2

OPRD Master Planning

OPRD plans for its parks through a formal Master plans identify and provide for the master planning process. Th e master most appropriate locations for resource plan completion and approval process protection and enhancement, and for is described and mandated in Oregon recreational uses through the completion of Administrative Rule Chapter 736, Division resource assessments (explained in 18 and Chapter 660, Division 34. Every Chapter 3) and opportunity area analysis master planning eff ort involves a process of (explained in Chapter 7). research, analysis, public involvement and decision-making that is mandated in state Th e master planning process includes rule and department policy. procedures for coordinating with aff ected local governments to gain their comments Th e master plan outlines goals and on the master plan overall and to assure strategies for the management of park that the proposed plan improvements are resources, the desired public experience of compatible with the local comprehensive the park and any related development. Th e plan, zones and overlays. desired experience is based on the park’s intended purpose as a new park acquisition. Note: A master plan may also identify lands Bates State Park is intended to off er a mix recommended for consideration for future of extensive, high quality habitats and acquisition from willing sellers to add to settings through enhancement projects, and the state park, as well as lands that are a moderate level and mix of recreational under OPRD ownership that should not be access for day use, trails, camping and part of the state park. interpretation.

13 The Planning Process All of the above information is compiled into a draft master plan that is reviewed by In the fi rst steps of the planning process, the department staff , advisory committee, department staff reviews and confi rms interested public, the OPRD Director and the department’s management intent and Oregon Parks and Recreation Commission. vision for the park. For new parks this is Comments are collected and the master often outlined in the previously completed plan is edited based on guidance from the Concept Report for acquisition of the park Director and Commission. property. For established parks, the intent is often defi ned by the park classifi cation Th e draft master plan is checked for (state park, state recreation area, etc.) and compatibility with the state land use by predominant resources and traditional goals and local comprehensive plans and new uses for the park. in consultation with local government planning offi cials. If the master plan is Information is gathered and analyzed on determined to be compatible, the draft the park’s natural, cultural/historic and plan is then presented for adoption as scenic resources, existing uses and facilities, a state rule. Additional comments are recreation needs and opportunities, received from the public in a formal rule- interpretive opportunities, and information making hearing, which sometimes leads to about the local community and the additional edits prior to adoption. surrounding region. If the draft master plan development Issues involving the use, development proposals are not compatible with local and management of the park property plans, OPRD takes steps necessary to are identifi ed through meetings with achieve compatibility, either by making department staff and other agencies, appropriate changes in the master plan an advisory committee, aff ected local or requesting pertinent changes in the government offi cials and the general local plans through the appropriate land public. Th e process includes several use application process. Th e master plan rounds of public meetings, mailings and cannot be adopted as a state rule until it is opportunities for public comment. compatible with local land use plans.

Goals and strategies for management of Planning Products the park resources and for future use and development of the park are determined. A state park master plan is written and Resource management strategies and illustrated as a reference containing facility development concepts for the park summarized information about, and long are formulated and illustrated. term plans for, park management and development. It typically serves as a guide

14 Bates State Park for the park’s 20 year future. Contained in Th ese are the conceptual “blueprints” the master plan document are summaries for intended park improvements. Th e of the planning intent and process, development concepts refl ect the resource existing park facilities, future recreation constraints and opportunities, and address demand, the suitability of the land for the goals, opportunities and constraints resource enhancement or recreational uses, established in the planning process. Th e management and development issues to be concepts include site plan drawings addressed by the plan, management and and written descriptions of the types, development goals, resource management locations, sizes and access for proposed strategies and facility development concept facilities, including roads, trails, parking, drawings and descriptions. campgrounds, maintenance and operations areas and interpretative improvements and Resource maps and reports, prepared as related buildings and signage. background information for the master plan, depict locations, types and condition Th e master plan is used to accomplish a of natural, cultural and scenic resources variety of things including: found in the park. Th ese maps are used to determine where opportunities and Develop a unifi ed vision for future park constraints exist in the park for resource management and improvements that all enhancement and development. Th ey can parties and the community can work also be used for park interpretation and to towards; guide further research needs. Provide a basis for future resource management, interpretive and facility Resource management goals and strategies development projects, budgets and present the management intent for the timelines, both short and long term; park’s natural, cultural and scenic resources. and Recreational, interpretive and operational goals and objectives provide a framework Outline the basis for obtaining land use for access and facility proposals. Facility approval from local governments for development concepts in the master plan facility improvements according to state show how to fi t needed facilities into the rule and local ordinances. park without harming important park resources or precluding desired resource enhancements.

Master Planning Process and Products: Chapter 2 15 Park Resource Assessments: Chapter 3

An Overview - At-risk plant species; - At-risk ﬁ sh and wildlife lists; OPRD prepares park resource inventories - Weed infestations; and assessments as a basis for resource - Surface water features and wetlands; management and recreation planning. Th is - Flood hazards; chapter provides a summary of the key - Soil types; park resource inventories and assessments - Water quality (monitoring work is on- that were used in completing the master going); plan. Park resources include a variety of - Restoration concept areas; aspects of the park landscape: natural, - Archeological and historic resources; cultural (historic and prehistoric), and - Miscellaneous regional context scenic. Detailed mapping of key resources information; and is completed as part of the inventory - Scenic resources and recreation settings. and assessment process. For planning assessment purposes the “region” discussed Summary maps are included in this in this chapter is Grant County, and the document for certain resources and for “study area” is within the park boundary. the Composite Natural Resource Value Assessment and Map. Several other Th e following resource inventories, detailed and regional resource maps, and assessments and/or maps were completed some technical reports are not published in for this master plan: the master plan document but are available for viewing at the OPRD headquarters - Historic vegetation; oﬃ ce in Salem, and will soon be available - Plant communities and conditions; on the OPRD web site. - Fish and wildlife species lists (Survey work ongoing);

17 Bates is a new state park, therefore some Natural Resource Values of the surveys and assessments will need a number of years before they are completed. Regional Overview: Grant County For instance, fi sh and wildlife surveys, as Eco-Region well as water quality monitoring, will need to run for a number of years before more Bates is located at the upper and eastern detailed scientifi c-based decision-making end of the John Day River watershed can occur. However, for master planning system, within the Blue Mountain purposes, the plant community assessment Ecoregion that crosses several counties in and the water features and wetlands map eastern Oregon. Th is is the largest eco- area useful. Th e Plant Communities and region in Oregon and includes the state’s Conditions Map outlines the locations biggest mountain range, millions of square and types of currently high to low quality miles of plateaus and hundreds of miles of habitats. Th e Water Features and Wetlands the John Day River, Middle Fork, North Map shows the locations of creek and river Fork and South Fork and their tributaries. courses, likely wetlands and the pond edge Th e park lies in the mountainous portion for potential enhancement and protection of the system, about halfway between from intensive uses. Th e master plan the John Day Valley at Prairie City and a recognizes various options for further study smaller upper valley near Sumpter. for enhancing target fi sh species habitat. Th e county’s terrain varies from grassland With this approach the master plan sets out steppes and rangelands with rolling hills major park management and use goals and and valleys, to forested mountains in the develops concepts for resource stewardship middle elevations, to rugged, rocky high- and recreation activities. Some decisions alpine landscapes. Th e county contains regarding resource restoration strategies wide expanses that are heavily forested with cannot be decided in the master plan. For juniper, pine, and fi r. Th e high country instance, the best way to improve water has alpine lakes and meadows. Portions quality and fi sh habitat will be decided in of the county are high desert, dominated further natural resource planning that will by sagebrush and sparse grasses. Th e follow the master plan. wide range of habitats in the county are represented in the approximately 1.7 million acres of public lands including the National Forests, the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, the Strawberry Mountain Wilderness, Bureau of Land Management and state park properties.

18 Bates State Park Focus Habitats enhancement and restoration; increasing the complexity and conductivity of the Bates State Park is located within the streams and river; and restoration and “Middle Fork John Day River Conservation maintenance of Ponderosa pine woodlands. Opportunity Area” in the Blue Mountains Eco-region as identifi ed by the Oregon Stream fl ow and fl oodplain enhancement Department of Fish and Wildlife in their for the Middle Fork has progressed in Oregon Conservation Strategy, 2006. Th e recent years through a partnership which strategy identifi es key native species includes Oregon Department of Fish and and habitats in the area that will guide Wildlife, Malheur and Umatilla National conservation actions at the Bates site. Key Forests, Umatilla and Warm Springs species include native freshwater mussels, Confederated Tribes, Bonneville Power Columbia spotted frog, Pacifi c lamprey eel, Administration, Oregon Water Trust, John steelhead and Chinook salmon. Priority Day Middle Fork Watershed Council, Th e conservation actions recommended in Nature Conservancy and the Grant Soil the Conservation Strategy for this area and Water Conservation District. Native include wet meadow and riparian habitat fi sh in the region include Pacifi c lamprey,

bia lum Boardman Stanfield Co Adams ContextJohn Map Day for RiverBates Mill Arlington Echo ContextJohn DayMap River for MurthaDrainage RanchBasin Arlington Pendleton Rufus I-84 Wallowa Lake Minam Highway Forest Blue Mountain Forest Wallowa chutes River Wasco Elgin Emigrant Springs

John Day Murtha Ranch Area R Lostine Hilderbrand ock Summerville eschutes Ione Blue Mountain Forest C Pilot Rock Imbler ver Moro J.S. Burres r e Map Area ek Lexington Enterprise 97 chutes- Joseph mers 395

Grass Valley J Heppner Hilgard Junction Island City o

h La Grande Cove n Red Bridge Da Battle Mountain Forest KEY

y te River Falls W Condon Union Union Shop BLM Murtha Ranch i l d Catherine upin &S Federal Wild & Scenic Rivers* Creek Ukiah I-84

c Dyer eni State Scenic Waterways Lonerock

c Ukiah-Dale Forest

97 Ri N North Powder orth Wilderness Study Areas

v Fo er r Shaniko Fossil k* * Monument to Camas OPRD Sites k Creek is pending Wild & ee r Scenic designation as of C Haines s Major Highways Clarno Jan. 2009 a Antelope m

a C M Towns John Day i dd Granite Chaparral Access Monument le Spray F Baker City Waterways o Sumpter 7 rk Sumpter Valley Dredge Counties Long Creek Greenhorn

* Monument to Camas Creek on the North Fork is Painted Hills pending Wild & Scenic designation as of Jan. 2009 Unity Forest Mitchell Bates

Unity Lake 10 0 10 20 Miles JohnDa 26 y Prairie City Unity Dayville River John Day Kam Wah Chung Detail of Murtha Ranch Area Mt. Vernon Clyde Unity Forest Holliday Canyon City Prineville 26 John Day choco Hilderbrand Ochoco Lake

Sou

r Seneca J.S. Burres k Prineville Reservoir

nd 395

206 20

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 19 redband trout and bull trout. Non-native reminder that the fl ora and fauna of the warm water fi sh such as bass and perch are region has changed signifi cantly over the found in the lower John Day River; and millennia. migratory salmon and steelhead are found in the county seasonally. While salmon and Most of Grant County is drained by the steelhead returns to the John Day Basin four forks of the John Day River, which experienced a sharp decline during the past have the majority of their headwaters in 50 years, mainly due to the construction the county. Th e John Day River system of large dams on the Columbia River, the drains some 7,900 square miles. It is the major watercourses of the basin remain free second longest free-fl owing river in the of physical obstructions, and the number “lower 48”. Th e river system includes of returning salmon and steelhead have the upper 100 miles of the Main Stem, improved in recent years, marking some of all of the 112 miles of the North Fork, all the best fi sh runs recorded in the past half- 75 miles of the Middle Fork, and all 60 century. miles of the South Fork of the John Day River. From Grant County, the lower John Physiography Day River fl ows another 184 miles to its confl uence with the Columbia River. Th e Grant County’s geology is quite diverse. southeastern corner of the county includes Large zones of serpentine, a very ancient the headwaters of the Malheur and Little metamorphic rock (among the oldest on Malheur Rivers, which fi nd their way to the earth), dating from the early Mesozoic Snake River. Th e elevation of the county (Triassic) Era are found in numerous varies from 1,820 feet on the John Day locations. Strawberry Mountain (an extinct River near Kimberly, to 9,038 feet at the volcano), the granite peaks of the Elkhorn summit of Strawberry Mountain. Mountains, and numerous rim rocks, lava fl ows and basalt outcrops are evidence of Climate the historic volcanic activity in the region. Hydrothermal resources are still present, Grant County is an arid to temperate with a number of hot and warm springs. region, with average annual precipitation Metals, including gold, silver, platinum, ranging from 9 inches near Picture Gorge, chrome, copper and cobalt are found in the to over 40 inches in the Strawberry region. Mountains. Annual precipitation in the valleys averages between 12 and 14 inches, Th e remnants of ferns, semi-tropical and and in the uplands between 16 and 24 temperate forests, shellfi sh, saber-toothed inches. Grant County averages between tigers, extinct horse and camel species, and 40 and 60 days each year that see more giant sloth, among other extinct species than 0.10 inches of precipitation. Average found in the John Day Fossil Beds, are a

20 Bates State Park temperatures in the county range from Historic Vegetation: How It Has Changed the warmest community, Monument, and Why with average daily highs/lows of 90º/50º Historic changes in the vegetation patterns F in July and 42º/22º F in January; to are assessed for the master plan. Th is the coolest community, Seneca, with historic information is used as a reference in average daily highs/lows of 80º/38º F in forming the natural resource management July and 33º/8º F in January. Extreme guidelines discussed and illustrated in the temperatures in the county show 30-year “Strategies for Park Resource Management” highs/lows of: 103º/-37º F at Austin and chapter. 112º/-23º F at John Day. Grant County enjoys a great deal of sunshine, with an Historic and prehistoric vegetation cover estimated 300 days of clear sunny, mostly can be inferred from a variety of sources sunny, or partly sunny days each year. Th e - including early surveyors’ notes, soil county experiences an estimated 65 days types, slope, aspect, elevation, known fi re of overcast skies, with about 165 days of history, known fi re return intervals, and partly to mostly cloudy days annually. other environmental parameters. Several large-scale habitat modeling eff orts have Study Area: The Park and Its assessed environmental parameters in Neighbors conjunction with early vegetation accounts Terrain to characterize pre-settlement vegetation. Th e broad vegetation types speculated Topographically speaking, the study to be on the site prior to and soon after area covers ridges, hills, and fl at river European-American settlement are reported bottom valley land. All slope aspects are in the 2008 GAP, the ORNHIC Historic represented. Th e majority of the study area Vegetation GIS data, and the three Forest is within either valley bottomland or is on Service models. the two principal ridge systems that fl ank Bridge Creek and the mill pond. Th ese Th e vegetation types were believed to be ridges run roughly southeast to northwest. historically dominated by several types Th e only signifi cant south-facing land is of coniferous forest - each composed of associated with a broad hill or short ridge various combinations of Ponderosa pine, that is in the northwest portion of the lodgepole pine, western larch, and grand property. Th e ridges lie between the incised fi r. Riparian vegetation characterized by Clear Creek, Bridge Creek, and Placer broadleaf trees is reported for the riparian Gulch drainages. Elevation within the valley bottom areas in two of the models. study area ranges from 4,050 to 4,200 feet Th e other models either report the area above sea level. as having been prairie or conifer forest. None of these models fi eld-checked the data accuracy at the Bates site itself, and

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 21 all obviously under-represent the historic extensively and actively modifi ed by past diversity of the study area due to the land use including those uses associated inevitability of missing smaller inclusions with the mill, pond creation, and the of habitats such as shrubland, grassland and construction and removal of the town riparian forest given the scale at which they site infrastructure, as well as more recent were operating. modifi cation for grazing. Th e large mill pond that is currently present on the Surveyors’ notes taken in 1881 support property was created out of bottomland by the broad habitat types suggested in the the construction of an earthen dam. Below, models. For the section lines around the in the midst of the mill and town site, there Bates property, the surveyors recorded that was once another mill pond, which was the terrain was mountainous and heavily fi lled in the 1970’s and 1980’s. Roads, timbered with Ponderosa pine, lodgepole stream diversions, railroads, and possibly pine and western larch, and that there dredging for gold have also modifi ed the were areas of dense, small lodgepole pine bottomland landscape. undergrowth. Th ickets of lodgepole pine indicate the forest had regenerated fairly Part of the bottomland within the study recently from fi re, or that it was subject to area, on the banks of Clear Creek, was repeated cycles of fi re during the late 19th probably never actively modifi ed for century. infrastructure. Th is area is probably the closest thing left within the study area to Th e best approximation of pre-Euro- what was present in the bottomlands prior American settlement vegetation patterns to Euro-American settlement. Even here, across the Bates State Park study area can however, change is detectible in that larger be inferred through comparison of the cottonwoods are absent and that non-native 1881 surveyors’ notes with the previously pasture species are present. Th is area was mentioned vegetation models and on- likely managed for domestic grazing over site examination of current conditions. the last 100 years. Overall, pre-Euro-American settlement patterns of vegetation and anthropogenic Outside the study area, the eff ects of Euro- change are best broken out into two sub- American settlement on bottomland habitat areas: fl at bottomlands and uplands. stretch up and down the Middle Fork of the John Day River, and this provides an Currently, the valley bottom contains areas important landscape-level context for the of disturbed ground, riparian grassland, assessment of study area condition and marsh, and shrub-scrub wetland. Riparian importance. One of the most striking forest is absent in the bottomlands. changes to the bottomland landscape is Essentially all of the fl at valley-bottom the relative absence of trees. Much of the land within the study area has been

22 Bates State Park bottomland was likely cottonwood or aspen reestablishment may account for the loss as woodland or forest prior to Euro-American well. Increases in grazing damage by native settlement. Any areas without strong tree ungulates such as elk and deer is possible. components were likely, at least partially to Th is eﬀ ect has been reported in Montana mostly, vegetated with woody shrub species as a result of wolf removal, but may or may such as mountain alder, willows, black not be true of this area, depending on past hawthorn, currants, and Woods’ rose. hunting pressure.

In the last 150-200 years the modifi cations Th ere is also a possibility that these of settlement outside of the study area bottomlands were maintained open have resulted in drastic changes to the through Native American burning in order entire bottomland system. Sources of to encourage certain food plants such change include grazing, dredging for gold, as camas. No camas or other common stream stabilization and canalization, prairie food plants were observed in railroads, agricultural crop production the bottomlands. It seems likely that and forest clearing. Grazing has likely camas would have been prominent in the had the largest impact on the bottomland nearby pastureland if burning to promote habitat outside of dredging. Cottonwood camas were the cause for the area’s lack and aspen are highly palatable to both of bottomland forest. Th ere are certainly native and domestic grazing animals, and many bottomland areas in central and small saplings and seedlings are quickly eastern Oregon in which cattle grazing consumed under active grazing regimes. and camas persistence are compatible, and Th is in itself does not explain the rapid loss camas is very evident and abundant. of larger trees, but it does account for lack of revegetation. Since there are areas of Th e majority of the study area’s dense woody shrubland at various locations landscape outside of the valley bottom is along the river system, and even areas with characterized by Ponderosa and lodgepole established cottonwoods, it is certain that pine forest interspersed with areas of the seed source is available for revegetation. grassland or shrub-steppe. Th e uplands are less obviously modifi ed than the Initial loss of the riparian trees and forest valley bottom, but do show evidence of may have been a result of land clearing by past logging and grazing. Th e canopy ranchers seeking to improve pasture for condition and composition of the forested their livestock. Some ranchers and farmers upland portions of the park are probably may have also tilled soils in addition substantially similar to those present in the to simply clearing woody vegetation. 1800’s. Forest density might have increased Cottonwoods generally do not live slightly in response to fi re suppression, exceptionally long, and natural decline due but in many portions of the study area to age, coupled with grazing inhibition of fuels reduction thinning has taken place,

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 23 mimicking the eff ects of low-intensity community structure in the study area. fi re on tree canopy cover. Understory Fire return intervals were probably fairly composition has likely changed much more frequent. Lightening-caused fi res were signifi cantly in response to grazing and fi re probably signifi cant. Native Americans suppression. may have historically burned the area, either intentionally (to encourage Th ere is very little information available forage production for game or horses, on successional trajectories of forested or to encourage important staple root communities in this area with respect to crops like biscuit root and yampah) or grazing and fi re suppression. General unintentionally through escaped campfi res. susceptibility of certain understory plant Regardless of fi re cause, periodic fi res have species to both grazing and fi re are known, defi nite eff ects on vegetation composition. and from these parameters coupled with the current abundance of species known Most of eastern Oregon has historically to increase in abundance under intensive been adapted to fi re in that species grazing regimes, it seems likely that the composition is weighted towards either understory composition was signifi cantly sun and fi re tolerance, or shade and fi re- diff erent from conditions 200 years ago. intolerance depending on fi re regime. In Generally speaking, it is probable that areas that were previously adapted to more bunchgrasses and bitterbrush were more frequent fi res that are later subject to fi re abundant in the past, and have now been suppression, plant communities and forest replaced to various extents across the study structure move towards the shade tolerance/ area with higher-than-historic stocking fi re-intolerance end of the spectrum of elk sedge, snowberry, and grouse because of changing niches and competitive whortleberry. disadvantages in the new environment. Th is often encourages shrub growth and Non-forested uplands have probably increases in relative abundance of thin changed in a similar way to the understory bark/non resprouting species, sometimes environment as a result of changed grazing totally changing the environment. Th is has pressure and fi re suppression. Much of likely taken place to a mild to moderate what was probably bluebunch wheatgrass extent in the study area. Some of the and Idaho fescue dominated bunchgrass assumed shift in understory species from prairie has been converted to western bitterbrush, bunchgrasses, and open-site needlegrass, threadleaf sedge and prairie forbs to grouse whirtleberry and snowberry junegrass because of lesser palatability to may be the result of changes in fi re regime, grazing animals. although these eff ects could also be explained by increased grazing pressure on Past fi re regime is also a major ecological the bunchgrasses from livestock. variable that has infl uenced plant

24 Bates State Park Fire suppression has probably also resulted Almost all of the forested land in the in increased shrub and tree presence in study area is outside of the former mill what was formerly grassland. Grasslands and town sites, and has probably been that are subject to frequent fi re are often similar in composition and structure for maintained as grassland only by fi res killing millennia. Some of what is now forested emerging shrubs and trees but sparing may have been grassland or woodland in grasses because of their underground root the past, but has become forest through sprouting and surviving root crowns. ecological succession, possibly due to Once fi res are no longer part of the fi re suppression. Forest, as opposed to balance, shrubs and trees are able to gain woodland, is characterized by dense cover a foothold and increase their abundance, of trees with substantial to abundant shade eventually gaining ground over, and even in the understory. Within the present suppressing the previous vegetation. Fire study area forest cover falls within three suppression can also result in development series: ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, and of woodland, and eventually forest, in grand fi r/mixed conifer. areas that were previously maintained in grassland habitats for millennia. Forested Plant Associations: Many of the forest types in this study area are Existing Plant Communities: Conditions transitional between lodgepole pine- and Locations Ponderosa pine-larch and later successional mixes that include grand fi r. General Th e master planning process included a forest types include Ponderosa pine study of the plant communities that now forest, lodgepole pine forest and mixed occur in the park. Th e inventory was conifer forest. Th e forests are generally completed by the department botanist in characterized by a shady understory of low 2009. Plant communities were mapped growing shrubs, forbs and grasses. and described by their species composition and conditions. Th ese maps, titled “Plant Woodland Associations: Th e woodland Communities and Conditions,” and the plant communities described in the study companion report titled “Vegetation area are essentially lower density varieties Inventory and Mapping, Bates State of equivalent forested communities. Park” are included with the background Ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine are the documentation for the master plan. dominant tree species. Bitterbrush and snowberry are dominant shrubs species. Th ere are no pristine areas within the study Tree density is often lower because of area, but much of the forested area and the disturbance, although some woodland herbaceous ridge tops are in remarkably polygons have lower tree density due good ecological condition. Some areas to soils and aspect. Woodland plant merit protection for their ecological value.

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 25 communities were likely more prominent and wildlife habitat reasons. Th e main on the property prior to European- weeds infesting degraded bunchgrass American fi re suppression. Many of the habitats are annual grass species such as forested communities on the landscape the annual bromes. Successional changes have evidently been increasing in tree to these habitats are perhaps more cryptic, density, a fact illustrated by the fuels- but no less signifi cant. Because of the management thinning that has been suppression of fi re, shrub species have done on the property to reduce fi re risk. been able to become established, which Th e study area’s woodlands may be on has shifted plant communities that would a trajectory to succeed to forest in the have been present 200 years ago. Likely absence of a regular fi re regime or forestry grazing has also had signifi cant impacts treatment. to these habitats through increasing the abundance of less palatable or more Shrubland Associations: Shrubland grazing-tolerant species. Th e most obvious communities are prominent within the impact of past grazing is the presumed study area, especially in areas with the decreased abundance of the highly palatable harshest or wettest growing conditions. bunchgrasses, Idaho fescue and bluebunch Riparian areas are often characterized by wheatgrass. willow and alder shrublands. Th e driest and rockiest slopes are often characterized Human-disturbed herbaceous areas are by shrubs that include bitterbrush, primarily found in close association with rabbitbrush, and snowberry. Th e powerline the former developed areas of the mill and corridor is an artifi cially maintained town site, although roads and pastures are shrubland composed of species found in also represented under this category in the adjacent forested communities, but some cases. Human-disturbed areas are with the trees removed and regeneration of characterized by non-native plant species tree species prevented. and weeds, and usually have compacted soils or off -site fi ll soils. Herbaceous Associations: Th e herbaceous plant communities present in the study Wet meadows are highly variable across the area fall within three broad categories: study area, but can generally be described as bunchgrass meadows, human-disturbed a mixed sedge and forb dominated meadow areas, and wet meadows. Th e bunchgrass type. Grasses are present, but are generally meadows present in the study area are of lesser abundance. Some of these wet generally the communities of highest meadows have a substantial or emerging conservation ranking within the study area. shrub component as well, and in many Although most are somewhat degraded by (if not most) cases, they are an early seral either weeds or succession, they are highly stage of what would likely become willow- signifi cant for scenic, historic, biodiversity, alder, or willow-alder-cottonwood riparian

26 Bates State Park shrubland or forest if left to develop grading and fi lling. Rather than describe naturally under current ecological variables these communities in terms of their and trends. Wet meadows were likely emerging habitat types, it seemed more prominent under pre-European-American appropriate to underline their linkage to ecological conditions due to fi re, river development and disturbance. dynamics, and erosional processes – but not At Risk Plants: Where They Occur and as prominent as under the conditions of Potentially Occur intensive grazing and lack of large predators that have characterized much of the post- No species of listed or at-risk plants were settlement era. With grazing excluded, previously known from the property, these meadows can be expected to become nor were any found during the course increasingly shrub-dominated. of the present assessment. Th e study area appears to contain suitable, but Developed Areas: Th is land cover type unoccupied, habitat for a number of at- within the park is characterized by risk species. Th elypodium eucosmum, a roads and other graveled or artifi cially state-listed threatened species and federal constructed areas with non-native species of concern with potential to occur vegetation. Non-native vegetation includes in the study area, is known from Austin emerging disturbed-site vegetation (mostly Junction. Th ere is no habitat for other weeds) on former building or intensive use state or federally listed species in the sites, as well as currently landscaped areas study area; however, there is habitat for such as lawns. Most of the area coded as a number of at-risk, but unlisted plant developed in this study consists of roads, species including Achnatherum hendersonii which are either graveled or native surface. (Fed. SOC, State Candidate), Botrychium Some of the roads are overgrown with crenulatum (Fed. SOC, State Candidate), weeds, forage grasses, and other non-native Botrychium paradoxicum (Fed. SOC, State vegetation. Candidate), Botrychium pedunculosum Disturbed Areas: Disturbed areas include (Fed. SOC, State Candidate), Calochortus wide roadsides, informal parking, and areas longebarbatus var. peckii (Fed. SOC, cleared of vegetation that are dominated State Candidate), Carex parryana ssp. by pioneering species of mostly weedy idahoa (Syn. Carex idahoa, Fed. SOC), vegetation. Although these areas contain and Phacelia minutissima (Fed. SOC, plant communities, they are primarily State Candidate). None of these species pioneers and leftover landscaping of was found in the course of the vegetation formerly developed or heavily disturbed assessment. work zones. Soils in these sites are heavily Th ere are a number of other rare or at-risk impacted by human activities and are left species known from the Blue Mountains. in a raw condition, such as the result of Appendix 2 lists species tracked by

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 27 ORNHIC that are known to occur within Portions of the study area that were the Blue Mountains “Melange” ecoregion. formerly developed and industrial are Survey timing may not have been dominated by Dalmatian toadfl ax, appropriate for optimum surveys for all of yellow toadfl ax, spotted knapweed, these species. Th e list has not been fi ltered diff use knapweed, weedy grasses (such for only those species for which habitat is as cheatgrass, bulbous blue grass, and present on the park’s property. quackgrass), and an array of common pioneer species such as dandelions and Invasive Plants and Where They Occur prickly lettuce. Forage grasses such as OPRD maps weed infestations that Kentucky bluegrass are also prominent. were encountered during their fi eld Cheatgrass and annual bromes are investigations. Th is information is used as a abundant throughout the study area and reference in recommending and prioritizing are the principal weeds of the less disturbed management and restoration projects for areas. the parks. Forty-nine out of 271 plant species found Exotic plants are abundant on the property, in the course of this assessment were non- especially in areas that have been developed. native (18%). Of the 49 non-native species Some areas of forest are without any exotic found, 7 are listed as noxious weeds by plants even though they have been logged the Oregon Department of Agriculture. and grazed. Th e majority of the study area Th ese species are generally widespread is infested with weeds to various degrees. and unmappable in the study area. Th ese species and the other 43 non-native species State listed and high priority noxious weeds found in the study area: Common Name Scientifi c Name ODA List(s) Quackgrass Agropyron repens B Spotted knapweed Centaurea stoebe (maculosa) B&T Diff use knapweed Centaurea diff usa B Canada thistle Cirsium arvense B Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare B Reed canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea Dalmatian toadfl ax Linaria dalmatica B Yellow toadfl ax Linaria vulgaris B

“B” Designated weed - a weed of economic importance which is regionally abundant, but which may have limited distribution in some counties. “T” Designated weed - a priority noxious weed designated by the Oregon State Weed Board

28 Bates State Park present are listed in the study area plant list limits the movements of some species of the vegetation report for the park, and between habitat types. Riparian habitat denoted with a superscript asterisk plus any is missing on the property but would relevant Oregon Department of Agriculture provide connectivity between habitats, noxious weed category (List A, B, and T). provide shade to help cool river waters, and improve water quality by fi ltering Fish and Wildlife Habitat Types and pollutants. Bridge and Clear Creeks provide Where They Occur connectivity between spawning grounds for Bates State Park habitat types include anadramous and resident fi sh species and forested, open meadow, wetland, open the Middle Fork of the John Day River. water, and riverine habitats. Forested At-Risk Fish and Wildlife Species: Where habitats occur primarily on the ridges and They Occur and Potentially Occur there are open meadows interspersed within the forested areas. Th e wetlands occur A number of state sensitive species and primarily in what was the old footprint of federal species of concern and one federal the mill and other buildings associated with candidate species could potentially inhabit the development. Much of this fl at ground the park for at least a part of their lifecycle. has been highly disturbed and is marginal Th e Columbia spotted frog is a federal wildlife habitat due to non-native invasive candidate species that if present would plant species. Th e pond is the only open inhabit the pond and wetlands as would water habitat on the property. Riverine the Western toad and the tailed frog. Th e habitats include the Middle Fork, Bridge white-headed woodpecker, Northern Creek and Clear Creek. Th ese areas are goshawk, fl ammulated owl and the great used by a number of open grassland bird gray owl occupy the forested habitats. Th e species and small mammals for foraging. great gray owl would use the open meadow Habitat type mapping is represented by habitat to forage in. Bat species forage over associations or groupings of native and water and in the forest and open meadow non-native plant communities from the habitats depending on species. Some vegetation inventory mapping. may use the forested habitats for daytime roosting. Anadromous fi sh occupy the Fish and Wildlife Habitat Connectivity: riverine systems as do resident species such Important Connective Features and Gaps as bull trout and redband trout. Steelhead Th e forested area of the park provides and bull trout are federally listed. Spring forage and shelter for a number of Chinook use the riverine habitat for wildlife species. Mule deer and elk use the migration, spawning and rearing. Th ere are forested area as hiding cover and use it as no warm water fi sh species documented by a migratory corridor to and from winter the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife range. Lack of riparian vegetation likely in the pond.

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 29 Fish and Wildlife Species Typically Threats and Risks to Fish and Wildlife Found at the Park All of the streams in the park have little With OPRD only recently purchasing riparian vegetation which is likely to result Bates State Park, further work is needed to in seasonal increases in water temperature. understand fi sh and wildlife species that are Th e pond may be contributing to the resident or pass through the park property. warming of the water in Bridge Creek, OPRD is therefore working on developing and to some degree in the Middle Fork, surveys and monitoring projects that will by allowing warming of the water prior to reveal more information about fi sh and release into the creek below the dam. Cold wildlife composition. Based on regional water entering Bridge Creek is needed data, wildlife species that would commonly during the critical period of mid-July be found in the park include; western through September. kingbird, Townsend’s solitaire, California quail, red-tailed hawk, northern fl icker, Unauthorized release of warm water Columbian ground squirrel, yellow pine fi sh into the pond may impact native chipmunk, mule deer and Rocky Mountain salmonids. Non-native warm water fi sh elk, western terrestrial garter snake, western such as large-mouth bass and walleye pike fence lizard, Pacifi c chorus frog, and the predate on juvenile salmonids and eff orts Great Basin spadefoot toad. should be made to keep these predatory species from being introduced into the Invasive Fish and Wildlife Species pond.

Th ere are no non-native and/or invasive Th e biggest risks to wildlife species include animal species known to inhabit the habitat degradation from non-native plant property. species and habitat fragmentation from development of currently intact habitats.

Sensitive Species Listed In Ecoregion for Bates Mill State Park: Federal Common Name Scientiﬁ c Name State Status Status Birds Mountain Quail Oreortyx pictus SV SOC Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis SV SOC Greater Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis tabida SV Flammulated Owl Otus ﬂ ammeolus SV Great Gray Owl Strix nebulosa SV Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor SC

30 Bates State Park Sensitive Species Listed In Ecoregion for Bates Mill State Park (Cont’d): Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor SC White-headed Woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus SC SOC Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi SV SOC Mammals Preble's Shrew Sorex preblei SOC California Myotis Myotis californicus SV Western Small-footed Myotis Myotis ciliolabrum SOC Long-eared Myotis Myotis evotis SOC Fringed Myotis Myotis thysanodes SOC Long-legged Myotis Myotis volans SV SOC Hoary Bat Lasiurus cinereus SV Silver-haired Bat Lasionycteris noctivagans SV SOC Spotted Bat Euderma maculatum SV SOC Townsend's Big-eared Bat Corynorhinus townsendii SC SOC Fisher Martes pennanti SC C American Marten Martes americana SV Amphibians Western Toad Bufo boreas SV Coastal Tailed Frog Ascaphus truei SV SOC Cascades Frog Rana cascadae SV SOC Northern Leopard Frog Rana pipiens SC Columbia Spotted Frog Rana luteiventris C Fish Trout, Redband Oncorhynchus mykiss ssp. SC SOC Bull Trout Salvelinus conﬂ uentus T Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss T Chinook Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

State Status Codes: SC = Sensitive/Critical SV = Sensitive/Vulnerable Federal Status Codes SOC = Species of Concern C = Candidate Species T = Th reatened

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 31 Potential threats to fi sh include pollution ditches, grading and fi ll. Wetlands were from drainfi eld effl uents entering the both created and destroyed. When the shallow ground water table and polluting town and mill were removed, additional the riverine systems, if not designed and fi ll and modifi cation was done changing installed to avoid this problem. hydrology and wetland distribution. It is diffi cult to assess whether there has been Wetlands, Ponds, Rivers and Streams a net increase or decrease in wetlands in Riparian areas along the Middle Fork, the last 100-150 years. It seems likely Bridge Creek, Clear Creek, Bates Pond, that much of the site’s bottomland was and an unnamed tributary to Bridge Creek/ once wetland, as it is on the other side of Bates Pond account for the majority of the county road. Under this assumption the wetland coverage of the study area. it is very likely that a large amount of Additional areas contributing to total wetlands have been lost. On the other wetland coverage include several minor hand, the dam and Bates Pond have likely wetlands along the county road between dramatically increased the amount of Clear Creek and the former mill site, wetland acreage in their vicinity. several minor wetlands within the former A number of wetlands present in the study mill site itself, and a number of potential area are artifi cial, having been created vernal pools in the meadow areas in the both intentionally and passively. Bates higher portions of the property. Th e water Pond itself was obviously actively created. quality of the water bodies is currently Th e current locations of the Middle Fork unknown, OPRD has recently partnered and lower Bridge Creek might also be with the watershed council to begin considered somewhat artifi cial in that monitoring water quality in order to better they were essentially moved to the side. understand functionality and condition of Passively created wetlands within the study the creeks, river and pond. Th is process area include low spots within the fi lled will take a number of years before the data and graded mill site, roadside swales and can be collected, compiled and scientifi cally areas with culverts that are too high to assessed. allow complete drainage of the area behind Wetland conditions in the formerly them, an unused fl owing artesian well that developed portion of the study area have is excessively irrigating a fallow pasture, changed radically over the years. Th e most and several vernal pools resulting from soil evident change is in the bottomland where compaction and road construction on the the town and mill were built. Development upper slopes. of the town and mill involved construction Although it is unknown whether total of dams, channelization of the river, wetland acreage has increased or decreased rerouting of Bridge Creek and Clear Creek, within the study area, it is certain that

32 Bates State Park the type and quality of wetland habitat emergent marsh adjacent to the braided has suff ered. Whereas there are now channel, shrub presence and diversity, and steep-banked riverine marshland fringe, overall plant diversity are all important lacustrine fringe, and scattered isolated positive aspects. emergent marsh and vernal pool wetland types, the complex and interconnected Composite Natural Resource Value structure that was once present is now Analysis virtually absent. Th e channelized Bridge OPRD rates the value of certain natural Creek and Middle Fork were likely braided resource aspects of the park landscape and meandering 150 years ago, resulting in (plant community, at-risk plant species large amounts of wetland habitat accessible and water features), maps their occurrence to and important for fi sh during their in the park and overlays the mapping to various life stages. Most of this type of obtain a Composite Natural Resource Value riverine, backwater, and fl oodplain/stream Map to guide planning decisions for the terrace, marsh wetland habitat has been park. Weed infestations are only included lost, and is extremely lacking within the if they are extensive enough to aff ect the study area in its current condition. native plant community value ratings. Because of changes to hydrology and A values rating system is used that has four topography over the last 20-30 years, levels ranging from those that are highly the wetlands mapped in the National valued (1) to those that have very low Wetlands Inventory (NWI) are mostly value as functioning ecosystem elements inaccurate. Features that are no longer (4). Each of the four value ratings (1- present due to relatively recent grading and 4) indicates an appropriate level of fi ll show up in the mapping as wetlands park facility development that could be – this is exemplifi ed in the case of the considered for corresponding mapped areas lower log pond. NWI shows the pond of the park. Areas of the highest recorded still to be present. Because of this type resource value (1) also have the highest level of discrepancy, the NWI data should not of protection from intensive development be used to guide resource management and use. Th e “Composite Natural Resource decisions. Value” map is included at the end of this Of the wetlands present in the study area, chapter. those adjacent to Clear Creek are in the Plant Communities and Conditions for best apparent condition. Although the the Composite Clear Creek habitat is the best present on the Bates property, it falls short of Plant communities were mapped ideal. Lack of trees and shade are major and described for the park by species detriments, but the shallow banks, wide composition and the conditions of

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 33 the native natural plant community. A assessment process. Some of the available condition rating between 1 and 4 was information is spatially explicit and some assigned to each plant polygon to represent is not. Where actual species occurrences the relative condition of the existing native were identifi ed spatially in the parks, these plant community based on the extent of sites were assigned a value rating of “1” as weed infestations and other disturbance, indicated in the table below. and the rareness of the community in Composite Natural Resource Value Oregon and the region. Rating and Map Surface Water Features for the Composite Th e list below summarizes the factors used to determine the areas of the park with Surface water features identifi ed in the diff erent natural resource values, based on resource assessment process are assigned a the comparison of ratings for polygons value rating of “1”, as indicated in the table from each of the mapping layers (plant below. Th ese features include identifi ed community, water features, at-risk plants, active stream channels, ponds, and wetland fi sh and wildlife). Th e Composite Natural native plant communities identifi ed by Resource Value Map shows the result of OPRD in the vegetation mapping process. overlaying the three layers. Polygons with higher value ratings on one layer prevail At-risk Species for the Composite over any corresponding polygons with Available information on at-risk plant, fi sh lower value ratings on another layer. For and wildlife species that occur in and near example, a wetland with a value of “1” will the parks was compiled in the resource prevail over its poor plant condition.

Natural Resource Value Rating Table Feature/Condition Value Rating At-risk species present 1 Water Features: Rivers, streams, lakes 1 Wetland plant community 1 Plant Communities: -Excellent condition, and / or rare and having a special designation 1 -Excellent condition, and / or rare 2 -Good condition, and / or very common / or rare but in poor 3 condition -Marginal to poor condition or Developed or unvegetated / 4 or rare but in poor condition

34 Bates State Park • Excellent condition: Almost exclusively Cultural Resource Values consisting of native species. Historic Overview • Good condition: Largely consisting of native species. Bates Mill was constructed by the Oregon • Marginal or poor condition: Non- Lumber Company in 1917. Th e facility native species begin to predominate, or included a double-sided mill, mill ponds, a predominate. hotel, dance hall, and other facilities. Th ere was the adjacent community of Batesville Hazards or Bates which was the home of up to 400 people who worked at the mill. Th e Bates OPRD identifi ed natural hazards and Mill continued to be a thriving lumber considered them in combination with mill through the 1950s and 1960s, but the composite natural values mapping, as began to decline in the 1970s as a result of hazards can often be mitigated through competition from more modern milling appropriate design of facilities. Th e main facilities in the region. In 1975 Oregon hazard for Bates State Park is the 100 year Lumber Company built a modern sawmill fl ood plain. No detailed modeling has been in John Day and decided to close down completed for this area and the FEMA their facility at Bates Mill. mapping is based on distance from assumed creek alignments based on old air photo In the years that followed, the mill was interpretation. Th e mill site was fi lled dismantled and many of the building many years ago and does not refl ect what moved to communities in the area. would have been the natural topography Several of the homes in Bates were sold along the creek and river. Th ere are no to employees and others for a nominal records of fl ooding in this area since fee and the homes were moved to Prairie settlement. Th e FEMA 100 year fl ood City, John Day, and other communities. zone extends up into the old mill site to Other buildings located at the complex the base of the hills and nearly to the dam. were salvaged on contract. Keith Bradley Since this is a regulatory map that directs and Ramone Bradley had contracts with how permits are issued for development, the Oregon Lumber Company to salvage it is important even though evidence of the hotel, dry kiln, and other buildings fl ooding is lacking. OPRD will work with between 1976 and1982. When OPRD Grant County to ensure that the master recently purchased the property for park plan proposals comply with fl ood permit development, the agency acquired the mill requirements. complex. Th e community of Bates to the east of the mill and is not within the 131 acre parcel currently owned by OPRD. Th e only remnant features that remain at

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 35 the site are the pond, the earthen dam, While extensive background research on various roads, rail and trail segments, a Bates Mill has not been conducted, there dynamite shack, two storage buildings and are likely corporate records and other remnants of a dry kiln building constructed information existing in local historical in the 1940s. societies that could provide additional more detailed information on the history Historic Signifi cance of Bates. At some point conducting additional historic research on Bates Due to the demolition of virtually all of Mill would be useful to help interpret the structures and the extensive clean-up the site for future visitors. Th ere are still of the site in the 1970s and 1980s, it was former workers from the mill who retain determined that the neither the town site knowledge about the mill, and it would be nor the mill property would be eligible useful to interview these individuals to get for listing in the National Register, and more information on the operation of the therefore would not qualify as signifi cant facility. cultural resources. Industrial Landscape Th ere is a very remote chance, upon further archaeological investigation or From a industrial landscape perspective discovery during construction, that there the site lacks integrity to convey its may be small pockets of the mill site that function as a lumber mill. Many of the have intact below-ground remnants that key components of the mill such as the may have the potential to yield important lower mill pond, mill building, and related insights into the history of the site. Th at facilities have been completely removed. outcome is very doubtful though. If Th e upper pond, dam and dynamite shack evidence is found OPRD will document are the only major features left that convey these feature in order to record their integrity from the lumber mill period. In location, the materials and function, if addition, there are numerous building known. foundations remains that are associated with the mill facilities, and some scattered Ongoing work is underway to determine domestic plantings, but these features in if there is any evidence of signifi cant isolation do not convey the sites function prehistoric human activity in the park. If as a lumber mill. While the mill was a very any sites are located, they are subject to important regional hub for the logging certain protocols under federal or state industry in the early 20th century and laws administered by the State Historic signifi cant to the local historic development Preservation (SHPO), which is part of of this part of Grant County, the site no OPRD. longer conveys this history in the physical resources of the site.

36 Bates State Park Dry Kiln Scenic Resource Values

Th e dry kiln at Bates Mill is not a OPRD conducts a general assessment of signifi cant architectural feature, has been the settings of the park, and potential views partially dismantled, and has suff ered and viewpoints. Th e setting for the park from 30 years of neglect and deterioration. is currently mostly Roaded Modifi ed and Th e remaining portion of the building Roaded Natural. Views and viewpoints represents only about one-third of the are explained in the Opportunity Areas facilities original extent. What remains of chapter. this building is diffi cult to interpret and does not convey the original function of the Th e greater John Day River including the building well. Th e remaining components North, Middle and South Forks is the that comprised the sawmill complex have longest Oregon State Scenic Waterway. been removed leaving this as the isolated Development along the river is subject to standing feature. Th e building does not the restrictions for that portion of river. have integrity because of these factors, and Master plan proposals will be in keeping would not be eligible for inclusion in the with these restrictions. Portions of the National Register of Historic Places. Th e river are also designated Federal Wild and building could be interpreted through Scenic Rivers, but this does not include the photographs and other media, but the Middle Fork Segment that passes through building remnant itself need not be Bates. preserved to tell the story of Bates Mill.

In summary, the park has no known signiﬁ cant cultural resources. Th e most prominent remaining feature is the pond and its dam.

Historic Photo of Active Bates Mill and Town (OPRD 2009).

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 37

Park Resources Assessments: Chapter 3 45 Potential Species Listed by River or Creek:

Middle Fork: Bull trout Fed Listed (T) Redband trout - State and Ferd Listed (SC + SOC) Spring Chinook salmon Summer Steelhead - Fed Listed (T)

Clear Creek: Bull trout Fed Listed (T) Redband trout - State and Ferd Listed (SC + SOC) Spring Chinook salmon Summer Steelhead - Fed Listed (T)

Rive Middle Fork John Day Middle Fork: Redband trout - State and Ferd Listed (SC + SOC) Spring Chinook salmon Summer Steelhead - Fed Listed (T)

State Status Codes: Fed Status Codes: SC = Sensitive/Critical SOC = Species of concern SV = Sensitive/Vunerable C = Candidate Species T = Threatened

lea

Brid

Cr eek Legend

Rivers and Streams

2008 Botanical Inventory Boundary

National Wetlands Inventory

Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland

Freshwater Pond

Riverine

2008 OPRD Preliminary Wetlands and Water Features Inventory

Partially wetland

Possibly partially wetland

Wetland

Feet 0 400 800 1,600

Meters Map 9: Wetlands and Water Features 0 125 250 500

Regional Recreation and the Park: Chapter 4

Regional Context The Region and the Travelling Public Bates State Park is located in a region that is rich in natural resources, scenery, history Almost all visitors to Bates State Park and recreational opportunities. Th e region travel along the state highways, from local attracts tourists year-round for scenic or more distant origins by car, truck or driving, visiting historic sites and enjoying motorcycle, and sometimes by bicycle. the many public lands and parks. Tour bus trips are currently not common in this area. State Highway 26 runs from Th is chapter provides an overview of the Redmond and Prineville, east through social aspects of the region including the Crook and Wheeler Counties and passes scenic setting as seen by the travelling through the town of John Day in Grant public, travel routes, historic sites, natural County on its way to its intersection with attractions and recreation opportunities Highway 7. Highway 7 passes by the park, that are available to the public. It also continuing on to Sumpter, Baker City and summarizes recreational demand, trends Interstate 84. Sections of these highways and needs for the region, based on extensive are recognized by ODOT’s State Scenic survey work that has been completed by Byway program as the Journey Th rough the department. Based on the regional Time Scenic Byway. Th e Byway connects context there is also a description of how with the nearby Elkhorn Drive and Blue Bates State Park can contribute to and Mountain Scenic Byways. Bates State Park complement what is already oﬀ ered in the can provide an opportunity for a rest area region. along the Journey Th rough Time Scenic Byway, to get out of the car and experience beautiful setting ﬁ rst hand.

53 From the perspective of the travelling the south of Bates State Park, on Highway public, the major town in the area is Baker 26, and many other small primitive federal City, about 50 miles to the east of the camps and a few small private RV parks park, with access to Interstate 84. Th e throughout the region. Downstream from city of John Day, about 40 miles to the Bates State Park, about 40 miles of the west of the park, off ers full-service tourist Middle Fork John Day are accessible by accommodations and is the information road from Highway 7 to Highway 395. center for travelers coming into the John Th e entire Middle Fork is designated as a Day Valley. Prairie City is about 20 State Scenic Waterway. minutes drive from the park and also off ers tourist accommodation. OPRD’s Role in the Region as a Park Provider Portions of three National Forests lie within this area, including the Umatilla, Malheur OPRD’s role in Grant County started many and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests. years ago by providing full service camping Just a few miles east of Sumpter, the U.S. and river access at Clyde Holliday State Forest Service off ers full service camping Recreation Site (SRS) , on Highway 26 with over 100 camping sites on Phillips near John Day. OPRD has provided other Reservoir, along with boating and fi shing river access sites for many years on the John opportunities. Th e Strawberry Mountain Day River system including J.S. Burres and Wilderness, just south of John Day, off ers Clarno on the lower John Day and Ukiah primitive camping and extensive hiking Dale State Scenic Corridor (SSC) on the opportunities. Th ere is a small, primitive North Fork. Over the last 20 years, the U.S. Forest Service campground not far to department has taken on the stewardship,

Journey Through Time Scenic Byway Route (National Scenic Byways/ U.S. Department of Transportation).

54 Bates State Park management and interpretation of two river with public access rights. Providing important regional historic sites; Kam publicly-owned river access, staging areas Wah Chung State Historic Site, in John and visitor hubs at strategic locations is Day, off ering interpretation of a National important for guiding visitors away from Historic Landmark for Chinese settlement; crossing and using private lands along and Sumpter Valley Dredge State Historic the river. Th e park is also intended to be Site to the north of Bates, off ering a travelers’ hub for the eastern portion interpretation and exploration of an of Grant County to complement Clyde historic gold dredge in a preserved dredge Holliday SRS. Bates State Park could be a setting, with trails and creek access. featured location in marketing associated with all three Scenic Byways, while OPRD Clyde Holliday SRS is currently the promotion of the new park could make only state park campground in Grant a strong connection to the nearby Scenic County. Th e capacity of Clyde Holliday’s Byways and other important attractions campground has been reached in recent and recreational sites. Bates State Park years during the summer season. Th e will benefi t travelers by providing much department has acquired adjacent property needed restrooms, picnicking and camping with the intention of expanding the small facilities in Grant County and along the existing campground in the next few years. Scenic Byway. Th e development of Bates Unity Lake SRS, just to the east in Baker State Park will expand the interpretation County, and Ukiah Dale SSC just to the off ered by the department and other north in Umatilla County, also provide providers on the John Day River system camping to support tourism in the region. and in the region and county. All of these OPRD sites, except Ukiah- Dale and Unity Lake, are planned for Regional Recreation expansion in coming years to meet some of the growing interest in John Day River To help park providers know what kind of access. Th e goal is to alleviate some of new facilities and parks might be needed the crowding at existing state and federal in a region studies are undertaken to access sites, abate the shortage of camping understand recreation trends and demands. sites, provide more interpretation and off er Th ese can include assessment of the future a larger natural setting for OPRD’s parks recreational demand for diff erent types of with enhanced habitat values. activities, how that demand changes over time, and surveys of public opinion about Th e addition of Bates State Park to the state future recreational activities they want to park system supports OPRD’s intention participate in. Th is section outlines regional to expand and distribute state park access recreational use estimates, trends and needs along the John Day River system, which for the planning region that includes Grant, was recently designated as a navigable Baker, Union and Wallowa Counties,

Regional Recreation and the Park: Chapter 4 55 and for the larger northeast quarter of the Regional Recreation Participation state as determined by OPRD through Estimates the 2003-2007 and 2008-2011 Oregon Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Th e Oregon Outdoor Recreation Survey Plans (SCORP), and other related surveys was conducted over a one-year period and reports. Understanding the regional from February 2001 to January 2002 by needs provides a broad picture among all Oregon State University for OPRD to parks, public lands and park providers of estimate annual participation levels, by the type of activities that will be needed recreation activity, for each of the eleven to meet public demand in the region. SCORP planning regions and statewide. Th e regional demand for Grant County (Recreation participation estimates indicates the wish for a higher amenity level were measured in “User Occasions.” A the regionally prevalent primitive amenity user occasion is deﬁ ned as each time an level. Oregon State Parks is well placed to individual participates in a single outdoor provide for this type of demand, which can recreation activity.) include full service campgrounds and well- Th e map below shows the boundaries cared-for day-use areas with a mixture of for SCORP Planning Region 10 which short and long loop trails. includes Grant, Baker, Union and Wallowa Bates State Park has been assessed relative Counties, where Bates State Park is located. to its location along travel routes and in relation to other parks. Th e potential for providing for some of the recreational needs, that may be appropriate at Bates State Park, were assessed against the known resource values, and physical and infrastructure constraints at the site. Final recommendations about what OPRD should provide at Bates State Park are outlined in the Goals Chapter, and are described conceptually in the Development and Resource Management Chapters of this plan.

SCORP Planning Region 10, where Bates State Park is located.

56 Bates State Park Th e table below lists those outdoor Popular activities to consider for Bates State recreation activities that had the top 2002 Park include: annual participation estimates for SCORP Walking for pleasure (842,486 annual Planning Region 10. High levels of use user occasions); were interpreted to imply how popular the Running/Walking for exercise (818,898 activity is among the region’s population. annual user occasions); Th e most popular activities in this region were hunting, walking for pleasure, RV/trailer camping (619,521 annual running/walking for exercise, fi shing, RV/ user occasions); trailer camping, and wildlife observation. Wildlife observation (547,186 annual user occasions); 2002 Recreation Demand in Grant, Baker, Union and Wallowa Counties (Region 10) Bird watching (491,699 annual user occasions); and Annual User Recreation Activity Occasions Sightseeing/driving for pleasure (265,997 annual user occasions). Hunting 1,101,423 Hunting and fi shing will not be strongly Walking for pleasure 842,486 supported at Bates State Park due to the limited size of the park and termination Running/Walking for exercise 818,898 of fi sh stocking in the pond due to federal protection of listed native fi sh species.

Fishing 648,832

RV/trailer camping 619,521

Wildlife observation 547,186

Bird watching 491,699

Four-wheel driving 398,848

ATV riding 395,191

Sightseeing/driving for pleasure 265,997

Using playground equipment 169,616

Regional Recreation and the Park: Chapter 4 57 Regional Recreation Trends participation over time in the same area (loss activities). Another method of identifying recreational demands is to look at how participation Participation growth activities in SCORP for a comparable set of activities changes Planning Regions 6, 7, & 10 related to the over time to determine which activities are Bates State Park site include: growing and are becoming less popular. For the SCORP analysis, recreation Nature/Wildlife observation (+161%) participation estimates from the 2002 RV/Trailer camping (+96%) Oregon Outdoor Recreation Survey were Fishing from a boat (+190%) compared to participation estimates from the 1986-1987 Paciﬁ c Northwest Outdoor Big game hunting – riﬂ e (+93%) Recreation Survey. Sightseeing/Driving for pleasure (+34%)

Th e map below shows the boundaries of the Participation loss activities in SCORP area of comparison which includes SCORP Planning Regions 6, 7, & 10 related to the Planning Regions 6, 7 and 10. Bates State Park site include:

Th e table to the right includes the ﬁ ve Day hiking (-48%) outdoor recreational activities with the Horseback riding (-66%) largest increase over time in participation (growth activities). Th e second table includes those ﬁ ve outdoor recreational activities with the largest loss in

Combined SCORP Planning Regions 6, 7, & 10.

Includes Wasco, Gilliam, Morrow, Umatilla, Jefferson, Wheeler, Crook, Deschutes, Grant, Baker, Union and Wallowa Counties.

58 Bates State Park Most Signifi cant Participation Growth Activities in Four of the fi ve growth activities could Planning Regions 6,7 & 10 (1987-2002). be considered as opportunities for Bates 1987-2002 State Park, including nature/wildlife User % observation, RV/trailer camping, sight- Recreation Activity Occasion Change seeing for pleasure and hunting, although Nature/Wildlife the park would only serve as a staging Observation +1,426,880 +161% area and gateway for hunting on adjacent lands. Many hunters may be looking for RV/Trailer Camping +1,132,740 +96% a campground that can off er showers. Horseback riding is popular in the region, Fishing From a Boat +704,639 +190% but the small size of Bates State Park makes Golf +616,793 +173% it diffi cult to accommodate horseback Big Game Hunting riders. Day hiking could still be considered (Rifl e) +588,521 +93% as the likely proposed trail system would consist of several short trail loops in a park not far from the local towns. SCORP follow up research has shown there is Most Signifi cant Participation Loss Activities in a large demand for this kind of hiking, Planning Regions 6,7 & 10 (1987-2002). walking or jogging opportunity.

1987- Regional Recreation Needs 2002 User % Recreation Activity Occasion Change Assessment Other methods to understand recreational Decrease % Change +161% needs than the participation rate assessment were used in the 2008-2012 Oregon SCORP Day Hiking -664,177 -48% planning eﬀ ort. Th is included a county- Horseback Riding -613,923 -66% level analysis to identify priority projects for grant funding, and an assessment of the needs of the state’s aging population. Baseball -447,643 -56% County-Level Priority Needs Downhill Skiing -414,280 -42.7% Swimming in an Priority projects were identiﬁ ed through a Outdoor Pool -330,072 -31% stakeholder discussion approach for both “close-to-home areas” (located within an urban growth boundary or unincorporated community boundary) and for dispersed areas located outside of these boundaries. Data was collected and analyzed to identify

Regional Recreation and the Park: Chapter 4 59 need in each of Oregon’s 36 counties and destinations for Baby Boomers. As a result, statewide. Grant County could become a destination for more retired travelers taking short trips Statewide dispersed-area priorities include: out of the Bend/Redmond/Prineville area. Non-motorized trails; Group campgrounds and facilities; Th e 2008-2012 Oregon SCORP included a statewide mail survey designed to identify Nature study/wildlife watching sites; current outdoor recreation participation Overnight camping facilities; and by activity among Oregon’s “Boomer” and Interpretive displays. “Pre-Boomer” (Oregon residents born between 1926 and 1945) populations County-level dispersed area priorities for and how they expect to recreate in the Grant County include: coming years. A comparison across age Group day-use facilities; categories for the activities with the fi ve Group campgrounds and facilities; and highest participation numbers (days of participation in a year) led to the following Overnight camping facilities. conclusions: Walking was the top activity across all Bates State Park could be considered for age categories (40-79); any of these activities listed above. Jogging was a top activity between the A Rapidly Aging Population ages of 40-59, but is also popular for those in their 70s; Within the next decade, 15 percent of Oregon’s total population will be over the Bicycling was a top activity between the age of 65 and by 2030 that number will ages of 40-64; grow to nearly 20 percent. An enhanced Sightseeing was a top activity between focus on promoting and preserving the the ages of 45-74; health of older adults is essential if we are to Bird watching was a top activity eff ectively address the health and economic between the ages of 55-79; and challenges of an aging society. Th is is assumed to generally be true for Grant RV/trailer camping was a top activity County as well as the state overall. Some between the ages of 65-74. of Oregon’s rural counties have even higher Respondents also forecasted how many percentages of older residents than the days they would participate in each activity statewide fi gure. Th e 2008-2012 Oregon ten years from now. Th e table below shows SCORP included a relocation analysis the top ten activities in terms of future study for residents between 40 and 70 years participation intensity, as well as the change of age. Bend, Redmond and Prineville in the number of days relative to the were identifi ed as high growth relocation

60 Bates State Park present. For example, walking will be the Regional Trail Issues most popular activity in terms of average days spent, and those days (83.1) will During April and May of 2003, OPRD represent an increase of 17.7 days (25%) staff completed a series of nine regional trail over current average days. Of the top ten, issues workshops across the state, as part only bird watching was forecast to have a of the Oregon Trails 2005-2014: Statewide decrease in participation intensity. Action Plan. Trail issues were defi ned as any high-impact issue related to providing Th ese survey fi ndings indicate that recreational trail opportunities within the providing additional non-motorized region. At each regional workshop, meeting trails (walking, jogging, hiking, participants voted to identify top priority bicycling), sightseeing opportunities and issues. Th e following top issues were RV/trailer camping facilities, if provided identifi ed for the Northeast Trails Planning at Bates State Park, could serve the Region which includes Wallowa, Union, needs of an aging Oregon population. Grant and Baker Counties. Fishing was not included due to the fi sh stocking ban at the park. Non-motorized Trails: Need for connectivity between Future Participation For Th ose Expecting Overall community trail systems, greenways, Increase in Recreational Activity outlying state park and federal trails (during mean days per year). within the region.; and Need for greater cooperation between Recreation Activity Future Change state and federal agencies in providing Walking 83.1 17.7 trail opportunities within the region. Bicycling (Road/Path) 17.5 6.9 At the statewide level, top non-motorized Jogging 16.9 0.4 trail issues include: Bird Watching 15.6 -2.4 Need for trail connectivity; and Day Hiking 14.1 8.1 Need for trail maintenance.

Sightseeing 13.1 4.4 Th is work ﬁ ts with the emerging interest by the U.S. Forest Service and the RV/Trailer Camping 12.8 7.7 Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Children/Grand Children to work with OPRD to create trail to Playground 12.0 6.8 connections to and from Bates State Park. Fishing From a Boat 11.7 7.2

Regional Recreation and the Park: Chapter 4 61 Recreation Needs Summary

Based on the various reviews of regional and county needs, trends and priority issues, several potential activities have emerged for consideration at Bates State Park and have been further reviewed in the master planning process and chapters that follow. Ultimately, the plan goals, concepts and strategies determine which activities will be pursued at the park.

62 Bates State Park Interpretive Assessment: Chapter 5

Introduction

Th e primary purpose of interpretation orientation and wayfi nding information. is to make an emotional and intellectual Media options can include programs connection from the park resources to presented by staff or volunteers and non- each visitor’s experience so that visitors will personal interpretation such as signs and understand, appreciate, and help preserve brochures. the park. Interpretation is communication that goes beyond information. It reveals Th e interpretive plan that will follow what things mean and why they matter. the master plan will further develop the Good interpretation connects people to a themes and media for Bates State Park place. It can lead to a sense of ownership of that are proposed here. Each theme will be both natural and historic resources. Beyond supported with sub-themes, with the sub- ownership, visitors can become stewards of themes further expressed by supporting our park resources. Th at can translate into stories. Th e media prescription will be lower maintenance costs, increased revenue further developed beyond the initial due to longer and more frequent stays, and concepts proposed in the master plan. Th e a stronger belief that Oregon State Parks are sub-themes and supporting stories that are important to Oregonians. developed in the interpretive plan will be connected to specifi c interpretive panels Interpretive themes are the key messages to and other media. Th e interpretive plan will be communicated to visitors. Th e media are be created in partnership with the Friends the delivery strategies for communicating of Bates State Park as well as other agencies the interpretive themes as well as and other interested parties.

63 Th is interpretive assessment was developed Historic/Cultural Features: using an adaptation of the “5-M” model of interpretive planning endorsed by the Pre-history, National Association for Interpretation Bates town, pond, and mill site, (NAI). Th e 5-M interpretive planning Newtville, method involves fi rst considering the management issues, intended messages, Old West Federal Credit Union story, markets, and mechanics of the site before Stories of former residents, selecting the media used to deliver the Historic photograph archive(s), messages. Th is interpretive assessment Sumpter Valley Railroad, provides an overview of signifi cant features of the park to be interpreted, the current Austin House, and program, markets and audiences, physical local communities. limitations for interpretation, themes, orientation and wayfi nding, and the Recreational Features: recommended interpretive service level. Chapter 11 describes the interpretive Camping, goals and media that will be used to Picnicking, communicate the themes. Mountain biking, Park natural, historic, Winter sports, cultural or recreational Paddling, features for interpretation Hiking, Photography, and Natural Features: Nature studies. Watershed ecology of Bridge Creek, Clear Creek and the Middle Fork, Proposed interpretive program Natural setting and view shed, None currently. Local geology including views of mountains, Visitor marketing & audience identifi cation Pond, fi sh migration, riparian/wetland areas, and Bates State Park is expected to attract the Noxious weeds. following types of visitors: General family groups participating in summer camping vacations.

64 Bates State Park Overfl ow campers from Clyde Holiday Th eme 3: State Park. Th e restoration of natural habitats Hunters from late August through at Bates will encourage the recovery November. and survival of native plants, fi sh and wildlife. Participants in area activities (such as Sumpter fl ea market, special events in Th e interpretive plan that will follow the Prairie City and John Day) looking for master plan will further develop the themes camping sites. for Bates State Park. Each theme will be In spring, provide a hub for visitors supported with sub-themes, with the sub- looking to explore area attractions. themes further expressed by supporting stories. Physical interpretation limitations Interpretive capture and sequencing Th e General Plan shows how the Master Plan has sorted out areas for diff erent types, Visitors will be able to receive initial levels and locations of use, trails, viewpoints orientation information from the OPRD and interpretive stops. web site or on site. On site orientation will include two orientation panels with maps Themes of the park and an interpretive brochure to aid in a self-guided tour of the park Primary Th eme: and trails. Th e orientation panels could be “Transforming the Bates Mill site into located in the picnic shelter in the day use a park off ers a window onto the people area and in a kiosk located in the center who lived and worked there and the of the campground. A brochure dispenser place.” placed next to each orientation panel would off er the interpretive self-guided Th eme 1: brochure. After becoming familiar with the Bates represents the dynamic nature park through the orientation panel and/ of early natural resource dependent or brochure, visitors will be able to travel economies in Eastern Oregon. the Creek Trail, Meadow Trail, or Dixie Mountain Trail. Th eme 2: Although the buildings are gone, Bates is fondly remembered.

Interpretive Assessment: Chapter 5 65 Recommended interpretive service level

OPRD has developed fi ve levels of interpretive service to help guide park development. For Bates State Park, the recommendation is for an Interpretive Service Level of Th ree, which refl ects the seasonal nature of visitation at the park. Th e following defi nition is from the OPRD Regional Interpretive Framework, published in June 2005:

Interpretive Service Level Three:

Generally would not include a dedicated interpretive building with interior access. It may include outside interpretive structures and off ers only seasonal programs and tours. Th ese can be provided by dedicated staff , other staff , area support, volunteers or may be self-guiding.

66 Bates State Park Issue Scoping: Chapter 6

Overview in other OPRD plans for the park that accompany or follow the master plan, such Th e issues summarized in this chapter were as the park operations and management compiled with input from an advisory plan, resource management and monitoring committee, OPRD staff and consultants, plans, interpretive plan, and so forth. Some local offi cials, aff ected agencies and interest issues are addressed through related follow- groups, tribal members and members of up work involving more in-depth studies, the general public. Th e following summary fi eld investigations, engineering designs, represents comments made at meetings work with agency partners, etc. Some issues with these groups and correspondence are passed on for consideration in other received during the written comment OPRD programs. periods in addition to issues raised in the resource assessment process and the Typical Issues Relevant To OPRD Master preparation of the master plan. Plans: General strategies for natural, cultural Issues that can be addressed in the master and scenic resource management; plan are refl ected in the master plan strategies, development concepts and/or Recreational uses and facilities and their resource management guidelines. While locations, maximum sizes and capacities most issues deserve consideration in the and basic design features; master planning process, some cannot Identifi ed partnership opportunities; reasonably be addressed as a master plan Recommended property acquisitions or strategy, development concept or resource lease agreements; and management guideline. Th erefore, the reader should not assume that all of the Compatibility with federal and state issues are addressed in this plan. Many regulations and local land use policies issues are more appropriately addressed and ordinances.

67 Issues Generally Not Addressed In OPRD The Aquatic Environment and Use of the Master Plans: Pond Decisions on natural resource Comments were received about whether management projects to retain or remove Bates Pond, dam and Routine facility maintenance and fi sh ladder. Staff from ODFW and the rehabilitation; Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, Park fees and budgets; representatives of the Native Fish Society, Park staffi ng; watershed management groups and the county, and local and former residents Park rules enforcement; commented on this issue. Water and General park administration; habitat managing agencies and groups were Project costs and funding; and interested in fi nding the best approach for enhancing fi sh habitats and urged Park naming. OPRD to work with them to fi nd the best approaches. Th e Native Fish Society Summary of Key Issues asked OPRD to remove the dam and Bates and Related Comments Pond. Th e county, and most local and former residents commenting on the plan, Natural Resource Protection and asked that OPRD retain Bates Pond and Management dam while identifying and pursuing other Large Disturbed Areas approaches for enhancing fi sh habitat and meeting habitat criteria for native fi sh. Staff have found that the majority of the fl at valley-bottom land within the study Some key comments focused on: area has been extensively and actively Th e role the master plan has in deciding modifi ed by past land use including those what to do with Bates Pond. uses associated with the mill, pond creation, Whether monitoring and maintaining steam channelization, and the construction the structural integrity of the dam is and removal of the town site infrastructure, worth the recreational and interpretive and more recent modifi cation for grazing. benefi ts of having a pond. Th e uplands are less obviously modifi ed, Whether the fi sh ladder adequately but do show evidence of grading, logging supports seasonal fi sh passage. and grazing. Th ese areas all need to be Recent water temperatures taken in considered for potential enhancement lower Bridge Creek relative to eventual priorities, and/or for recreational uses. TMDL criteria and appropriate contributions for OPRD.

68 Bates State Park Whether OPRD has secured the are practical and appropriate actions for water rights for the property. OPRD to take for this small site in making Options for cooling water an incremental improvement in the larger temperatures other than removing Middle Fork’s habitat. Th e development Bates Pond. proposals in the plan have been located and sized to avoid precluding sizable and Th e importance of Bates Pond to eﬀ ective improvements in habitat and water local and former residents and the quality. county for recreation and as a vestige of the former mill and town. Invasive Species

Th e aesthetic importance of Bates Staff heard that invasive species control is Pond for the park one of the most important issues facing Non-motorized boating on Bates OPRD and other land managers. Invasive Pond being allowed, with safe access plant species have not yet been a primary on the east side and a boat wash. source of change to the habitat of the ODFW no longer stocking Bates study area, but they are poised to do Pond due to federal fi sh protection so. Reed canarygrass along the Middle restrictions will result in poor fi shing Fork is locally abundant and appears to over time. be prime for taking over the banks of the river. Th e species could also easily invade OPRD’s response to the comments can other wetland and riparian habitats in the be found in the Goals Chapter and the study area. Upland weeds of signifi cance Resource Management Chapter, and are are cheatgrass, knapweeds, and toadfl axes. supported by the Opportunity Areas and Although these species are mostly within Development Concepts Chapters. Th e disturbed areas associated with the mill and master plan does set out the retention town sites, yellow toadfl ax is actively taking of Bates Pond as an important goal for over the only tufted hairgrass wet meadow the management of the park. It also in the study area, on the east bank of Clear outlines some enhancement actions Creek. to be considered as alternatives to removing Bates Pond. Th e selection Other comments recommended measures and approval of the fi nal short and such as maintaining riparian setbacks, using long term enhancement actions will be permeable surfaces for roads and parking, made by OPRD as a part of on-going and ensuring consideration of wildlife discussions with interest groups and migratory paths for Rocky Mountain elk natural resource managing agencies, and mule deer. Some recommended that following the completion of the master only species native to the region be used for plan. Decisions will be based on what restoration.

Issue Scoping: Chapter 6 69 Vehicular and Trail Access to the Park Comments recommended planning for pedestrian and bike trail connections Th e county road leading to the park off to other local and regional trails. A few Highway 7 provides good access to the park other comments suggested providing trail entrance. Th e entrance to the park will connections to the park from neighboring need improvements to provide safe ingress areas along specifi c routes. A new trail and egress. connecting with the Warm Springs land was recommended as a good opportunity Staff heard that the current pull-off just to connect hiking along the Middle south of the proposed entrance may cause Fork. Another trail suggested was for confusion to fi rst time visitors since it snowmobiles, to follow an existing dirt contains information regarding adjacent road on the east side of the park. Both public lands. Warm Springs and US Forest Service representatives expressed interest in Comments recommended working working with OPRD on trail connections. with Grant County to obtain Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) Park Development, Interpretation, Scenic Byway funding for improvements Use and Management along Highway 7 and 26. OPRD is planning an interpretive It was also recommended that the park experience for the park that will focus staff work with the county regarding the on a number of signs in the day use- plowing of park roads and parking lots area, specifi cally inside the proposed during winter. picnic shelter, with other signs located

Bates State Park panoramic view looking North (OPRD 2009).

70 Bates State Park at important locations in the park. Two 2. Walk-in tent sites were also advocated. key interpretive themes recommended in Th e hiker/biker camping experience comments center around interpretation could accommodate biking groups as of the former town and mill. Th e other well as individuals. Group camping in major theme suggested was a focus on the general is growing in popularity. wildlife, birds, fi sh and rivers found within 3. Some comments advocated for camping the park, specifi cally related to educating cabins. Th ese are basic structures with visitors about ongoing restoration eff orts two rooms that often provide nothing and the relationship of fi sh and wildlife in more than a roof and heat. It was the park to the larger region. Comments suggested that cabins be placed on the also mentioned that OPRD should hillside, but not be viewable from the coordinate with local museums to handle pond. donated artifacts relating to the history of 4. Other comments pointed out that a few the former mill and Bates town site. warming huts are recognized as a viable Th e camping capacity at nearby parks and camping alternative that brings in more elsewhere in the county does not meet off -season use. Th ey also provide a good demand on a regular basis during the alternative for serving the special needs summer season. of some visitors, such as snowmobile 1. A variety of camping opportunities users or cross-country skiers in the were suggested for the park. Several winter. comments mentioned the need to provide camp loops that are designed A couple of comments mentioned that primarily for RVs, as tent campers this park should have ADA access to the generally prefer some separation from pond. A boardwalk trail and viewing large RV sites. platform was suggested. Some mentioned

Issue Scoping: Chapter 6 71 that ADA access would not be practical to Cultural Resource Sites achieve on the hillside areas, but could be accommodated around the pond, in the Ongoing work is underway to determine proposed camping area and in the proposed if there is any evidence of signifi cant day-use area. prehistoric human activity in the park. If any sites are located they are subject to Many comments asked for a day-use area certain protocols under federal or state in the park that would accommodate both laws administered by the State Historic RV’s and cars. Th e comments often noted Preservation Offi ce (SHPO). that a picnic shelter and shade trees would be useful in the hot summer months. Th e Bates mill site was examined and evaluated for historical signifi cance using New trail development was proposed for the National Register of Historic Places all areas of the park, with the potential for evaluation criteria—the accepted standard pond view sites along the lower portions for historic site assessments. Due to the of the hills. Views from the ridge lines on demolition of virtually all of the structures the hills would provide wider panoramas and the extensive clean-up of the site in of the surrounding countryside including the 1970s and ‘80s, it was determined that impressive views of the Strawberry the mill property would not be eligible for Mountains. Some comments suggested listing in the National Register. trying to provide trail access to the “boulder rock” on the west side hill. Other stated However, OPRD recognizes that the site is the east side hill has the best views of the extremely important for those who used to former Bates town site and mill area. live and work at Bates, as well as members of the nearby local communities. OPRD A couple of comments recommended will endeavor to keep this history alive including provisions for management through interpretive programs and working of garbage and recyclable materials into with the offi cial “Friends of Bates State the master plan. Management issues are Park” group, made up of many members generally not addressed in park master who were residents of the former town of plans. Rather, OPRD addresses this type of Bates. activity under Field Operations decision- making based on department policy.

Th ere was general support expressed at the public meeting for the proposals in the draft plan.

72 Bates State Park Opportunity Areas: Chapter 7

Identifying Opportunities Th ese areas are then considered in regard and Constraints to ease of access for the public, soils and slopes, hazards and other social factors; and Every master plan must determine which against the importance of restoring certain areas of the park should be set aside for low condition areas for a more complete future resource protection and restoration, ecosystem. and which areas should primarily be Th e department determines the intent devoted to a range of recreational uses or purpose for the park based upon and facility development, recognizing the importance of its resources and the that no area is 100 percent one or the potential for recreational access to those other. Identifying the opportunities resources (or resources adjacent to the and constraints at Bates State Park and park). Usually the park’s classifi cation weighting their importance in relation to (state park, state recreation area, state a multitude of factors is what enables the natural area, etc.) and its acquisition master plan to meet the dual mandate concept report refl ect this intent. Th e of the department. Th is is often called Opportunity Areas for the proposed park “fi nding the balance” between providing emerge as a set of planned experience areas for recreational access and support as well and settings that come out of the character as making the park ecosystem as complete of the land (or potential character), which and high quality as possible. OPRD includes, but is not limited to waterways, determines this balance by fi rst mapping habitat, topography, cultural associations, the composite natural resource areas for recreational activities, viewpoints, wildlife, the park and showing those areas that are geology, soils, architecture, etc.. currently of moderate to poor condition.

73 Bates is a “state park” class property, strongly support the goal of retaining the meaning that it is intended to have pond as an important recreational location. extensive, high quality habitats that can Th ese groups also proposed that habitat, be accessed and supported by moderate wildlife and fi sh restoration projects are to intense recreational activities and park implemented to improve the conditions facilities. Bates State Park needs to also at the pond. Th erefore, the Opportunity serve as a hub for the surrounding region. Areas shown in this plan refl ect retaining By providing recreation facilities at the park the dam and pond as a goal for the future visitors can explore the more remote areas of the site while also pursuing a goal of of the Middle Fork valley and surrounding improved natural resource conditions. hills through up to 400 linear miles of Proposed developments have been located trails. to avoid precluding long-term resource management decisions. Th e most controversial area in the park in regard to balancing resource stewardship Th e identifi cation of Opportunity Areas with recreation access is the pond. If within the park is based on information natural resource goals were only applied to derived from: the site, the pond might be returned to a free-fl owing creek from a native fi sh habitat Composite natural resource values; perspective. However, in purchasing the Hazards, topography, soils; site, OPRD understood that the pond is Cultural resources, if any; the only major remaining feature from the old mill site, and the former residents Landscape character; of Bates, their families and the county Important views and viewpoints;

Bates State Park mill remnants as seen from south hillside (OPRD 2009).

74 Bates State Park Roads, utilities and existing facilities; Areas with moderate natural resource Recreation (and interpretive) values, favorable slopes and soils and opportunities at the park; convenient or interesting location can be considered for resource enhancement Operational needs; and with trails, dispersed camping, and Opportunities/constraints outside the moderate recreational impacts such as park boundary. small camping or day-use areas, and trailheads. (Mostly Level 3 on the Th e most appropriate places in the park Natural Resource Values Map.) to provide for resource protection versus Areas with poor natural resource values, diﬀ erent levels of recreation are selected and favorable slopes and soils, acceptable portrayed on the Opportunity Area Map. risk from hazards and cost-eﬀ ective (See the Composite Natural Resource access to roads and utilities can be Values Map in Chapter 4, for locations of considered for intensive recreation, the low to high value resources.) or for extensive resource restoration. Areas with high natural resource values (Mostly Level 3 or 4 on the Composite are largely protected and only trails and Natural Resource Value Map.) hike-in dispersed camping are likely to be considered. (Mostly Level 1 and 2 Note: Some parks have important cultural on the Composite Natural Resource resources (including historic and/or Values Map.) prehistoric and/or above or below ground). For these parks a cultural landscape assessment is also completed and compared to the Composite Natural Resource Value map. Th e resulting assessment leads to likely areas for facility consideration to identify the Opportunity Areas for the park. Opportunity Areas

A total of nine opportunity areas were identiﬁ ed for Bates State Park. Th ey are organized into three groups:

1. Primarily Natural Areas, 2. Primarily Recreational Areas and 3. Mixed Natural/Recreational Areas.

Opportunity Areas: Chapter 7 75 Primarily Recreational Areas are identifi ed about the habitat and the enhancement for high-impact recreational uses and work. Th e setting is intended to be very facilities. However, these areas will natural (once revegetation is established) usually include native plantings and other but is close enough to the county road and treatments that can improve the setting and future camping areas to not feel remote. experience of these areas and blend them During fi sh migration seasons one of with the surrounding ecosystem. the important visitor experiences will be seeing the fi sh from designed viewpoints. Primarily Natural Areas Interpretation in this area can explain the restoration work. Th e trail should be a Opportunity Area 1: The natural surface that can provide universal Confl uence, River and Bridge access. Creek Opportunity Area 2: The Th is area is defi ned by a steep hill on the Northwestern Hillside and Meadow south and west side of the park. Th e county road is on the north and a 100 foot Th is area covers a steep hillside that ends wide setback from the creek and river bank at the west boundary of the park and is on the east side. It is a long, narrow place north of the old service road through where the creek and river parallel each Opportunity Area 4. On the other side other from their confl uence upstream and of the boundary fence at the northwestern then spread out in two directions along the corner there is a large open quarry. Th e river and creek. It currently has mostly area has a mix of high and moderate natural low and moderate natural resource values, resource values. Th ere is an open terrace except for the creek itself, the confl uence on top of the hill to the west of the mill area and a few areas of intact wet meadow site with a native grassland habitat that is and emergent marsh. Th is Opportunity in good condition. Th is Opportunity Area Area has high potential botanical and may work best as a buff er between the wetland values and lots of potential for quarry and other areas of the park. Some enhancement of both riparian and aquatic forest and meadow enhancement strategies habitat. Revegetation of the river and creek could be applied to this area. Portions of corridors in this area will also buff er the the upland would benefi t from grassland river from camping and the campground restoration actions. from sight of the county road. Th e hillside aff ords great views up the It is fairly level and is subject to fl ooding, Middle Fork valley and down on the pond but can still support a carefully placed trail and mill site. A trail will be diffi cult to that can double as an interpretive stop build on the steep slopes, but could be

76 Bates State Park done if carefully designed to take able- Opportunity Area 8: East Hill bodied visitors to the views and to enjoy the meadow habitat. Trails through this Th is area encompasses most of the eastern area should skirt high quality meadows and hill, except for the northeast portion. Th e connect with other trails to form loops. steep, forested hill has mostly moderate Th e area is close enough to the county road natural resource values and a small high and potential day-use area and camping to value area along a portion of the ridge. not have a remote feeling, but will provide An old road and utility easement create a feeling of connection to the larger valley two open, low value corridors across the from viewpoints. Use levels will be lower hillside. Th e hill aff ords glimpses of the than Area 1 due to steeper trails and a lack pond along its west fl ank. Th e “boulder of universal access. rock” sits up on the ridge. It is well- known by the local community as a place Opportunity Area 7: The Southwest that provides a wide panoramic view of Hillside the surrounding area. Th e forest would benefi t from restoration projects. It could Th is steep hillside is forested and very accommodate a good hiking experience secluded. It has moderate natural with varied views and some greater distance resource values, but excellent views of from the main campground and day use the pond. Th e open bald on top of the area. Th e area could benefi t from moving hill has grassland habitat interspersed the power line, if feasible. with woodland that is in good condition. Portions of this upland area would benefi t Opportunity Area 9: Clear Creek from grassland restoration and forest management actions. Clear Creek runs through this section of the property within the boundary line to Th ere are good views of Dixie Mountain the east and a steep hill to the west. Th e from the upper hillside. A trail access to botanical and wetland values are high here, this area would greatly enhance a visitor’s although the area could benefi t from some experience of the views from the park and restoration work. It is prone to fl ooding, could create a short, quiet hiking loop on and abuts a neighboring residence. It the far side of the pond. Th e experience would be possible to put a trail through will be somewhat quieter than Areas 1 this section, but the area is not suitable for and 2, due to its distance from the main any other form of development and forms a camping and day use area and elevation good buff er between the private residences above the dam and pond. and the rest of the park.

Opportunity Areas: Chapter 7 77 Primarily Recreational will include the addition of shade trees Areas and screening vegetation to soften the appearance and blend with the surrounding Opportunity Area 3: Valley Floor natural areas.

Th is area is primarily located on the highly Th e other portion of the park with disturbed valley fl oor, site of the former suffi cient size for a comparable mill works. It has low natural resource campground and day-use facilities is values and fairly level grades. It may be Area 8 and 6 combined. However, this subject to periodic fl ooding, but has not area is steep enough that the access road been known to fl ood historically. Clean alone would take up much of the space up work is underway here to remove any by winding up the hill. Th is site also has industrial remnants. enough forest cover and steep grades that a comparable campground and day-use area Th e area is located not far from the park would heavily impact the forest, require entrance and county road, and is bounded extensive grading, and would be much by the existing gravel service road. Th ere more expensive to develop. are quite a few weeds in this area, and other vegetation is slow to take hold, resulting Primarily Mixed Areas in a mostly unvegetated area with some scattered, small wetlands resulting from the Opportunity Area 4: Gateway to unevenly graded surface of the compacted the National Forest fi ll soils. Th is small area contains a dirt road that Th is area aff ords the only opportunity in leads up the steep western hillside, and the park to provide the more intensive a small, open, disturbed area where the recreational uses intended for the park mill’s former dynamite shack is located. and related facilities, including a small It has mostly moderate natural resource campground and day-use area. Other values, and is located where the road could facilities that need to go into this area (due become a trail that connects outside the to a lack of other feasible options) are a park to the National Forest. Th e road is small maintenance yard, park entrance, currently, or has previously been, used in picnic shelter, bathrooms with showers, winter to access trails on adjacent properties and a sewerage dump station. All of these and could accommodate a few winter facilities combined in one area result in an warming huts for cross-country skiers and intensive use area with a lot of interaction snowmobilers. A small, unnamed creek with other visitors during peak weekends runs along the northwest edge of this area, and holidays. Although development down to the bottom of the fi sh ladder. Th e is the recommended use of this area, it creek banks would benefi t from restoration.

78 Bates State Park Th is area is not very far, by trail, from the and fi shing platform. Th e narrow, gravel main day-use parking lot, but could serve access should remain narrow and the bank as the transition area from the busy park could be revegetated. Th e west side of the to the larger, remote setting of the national pond could be revegetated and also allow forest. a well-placed and designed trail above the pond that connects to west side trail Opportunity Area 5: The Pond and opportunities. Upper Pond Th e fl at area at the upper end of the pond In many respects, the pond and its dam are is one of the few locations in the park to the major features at Bates State Park, as locate a small day-use area along the pond. a remnant of the mill site and as a scenic Th is area is bordered by Bridge Creek on and recreational feature. OPRD recognizes the west side and the hill on the east. Th e the need to retain recreational access to south end of this area is adjacent to the this feature, while improving the natural creek and contains wetlands that could be environment that makes it so attractive restored. Th e north end is slightly raised in the fi rst place. Th e pond aff ords what and could accommodate a small picnic will likely be the most popular recreation shelter. Visitors would be directed to the destination in the park for walking and higher ground by trails and the placement boating. Th e local community and former of the shelter. Th is is an intimate location Bates residents have very strong cultural for a small group to gather during peak ties to this water body. At the same time, days and will be a great, getaway spot in the it is an integral part of the riverine habitat park during low use days. of the area for wildlife such as river otters, kingfi shers and osprey, and fi sh. Th e pond Opportunity Area 6: Lower Hillside also has a likely detrimental aff ect on river and creek fi sh habitat due to its eff ect on Th e east side of the hill is less steep and water quality and temperature. For this very secluded. It aff ords opportunities to reason it has been placed in the “Mixed” discretely locate camping cabins and walk- area category. in camp sites that are still relatively close to the main park facilities, without impacting Th is area needs to be managed so that important resource values in the area. it allows for a quieter experience on one Th is area will provide a somewhat quieter side of the pond and more use on the side experience than the main campground, closest to the day-use parking area and especially at the hike-in sites. However, the along the existing service access road. A area is not remote due to views onto the few spots along the east side could be nearby county road. designated for visitors to approach the water’s edge via a dock, and a viewing

Opportunity Areas: Chapter 7 79 Goals for Park Management and Improvement: Chapter 8

A. Protect, manage and enhance within the park boundary. Decisions about the outstanding natural, cultural the level of protection for any discovered and scenic resources in the park archeological resources will be made on a case-by-case basis relative to the site Th is is a predominant goal for the master signifi cance and need for recreational use. plan, and all other goals are crafted and Cultural Resource Management Strategies implemented to be compatible with it, as are outlined in the Strategies for Park park use and management must preserve Resource Management Chapter. the outstanding resources that the park is based on. Th e balance between fi nding Natural values appropriate locations in the park for Th e park’s small size limits the area of facilities versus resource management and habitat that the park can contribute protection is illustrated in the Opportunity to the local ecosystem, but its location Areas Chapter. on the Middle Fork places it within Cultural values a regional context that makes it an important contributor to fi sh habitat Although the park site is known locally for enhancement. Bates Pond is important its former mill operation and mill town, for recreational activities and their setting. not enough remains to qualify this park OPRD is committed to fi nding solutions as an outstanding or signifi cant historic for retaining the pond, while achieving site. Its history is locally important and acceptable aquatic habitat levels. Water will be more appropriately addressed in quality (especially water temperature) and the interpretive goal. Evidence of pre- other fi sh habitat targets will be pursued settlement history will be confi rmed in the through monitoring, an evaluation of near future, but current understandings several mitigation approaches and the indicate there were no signifi cant sites completion of further action plans. A

83 strategy will also be prepared for managing Manage and mitigate invasive weeds. existing weedy plant infestations. Existing, high-quality or rare natural areas will be Strategies to support these objectives are targeted for monitoring and any needed outlined in Strategies for Park Resource protective measures. Decisions about what Management Chapter. specifi c management actions to take will Scenic values be determined through natural resource management planning that parallels and Vegetation management is key to follows the completion and approval of this improving the setting at the park. Th e master plan. park’s former mill site is currently the only unsightly portion of the park. Natural values management objectives: Improve fi sh habitat in Bates Pond and Scenic values management objectives: along creek/river; Soften the edges of the park as viewed Restore riparian areas along creeks and from the road, and from within the Bates Pond; park’s valley bottom through habitat Improve/maintain forest and woodland enhancement strategies. habitats, minimize threats from fi re, Provide good connections to viewpoints disease and insects; of the pond, former mill and mill town, Maintain meadows on ridge tops and Middle Fork and creek confl uence, the uppers slopes; Boulder Rock and Dixie Mountain. Enhance and restore wetlands; Move power lines or place underground, as is feasible, Enhance pasture land south of Bates Pond; and Manage vegetation to keep views open from proposed viewpoint sites.

Bates State Park panorama looking North from West end of park (OPRD 2009).

84 Bates State Park Concepts for providing access to viewpoints Improve the Highway 7 turnoff signage are outlined in the Development Concept to better address the state park and Chapter and strategies for scenic related other public lands reached via the vegetation management are outlined in the county road. Strategies for Park Resource Management Provide ample parking for day use, Chapter. good connections from parking to a well integrated trail network and ample B. Provide safe, effi cient, space for maneuvering at overnight sites. identifi able and pleasant access to and through the park Provide internal orientation signs to address use areas and trail circulation Few major changes in existing access points opportunities. and road routing will be needed to meet Provide a trail system that is attractive, this goal. Th is park is located very close to dispersed and capable of supporting Highway 7 and has good secondary access hiking, mountain biking and, in via the county road along the Middle Fork some places, cross country skiing, John Day River. Road access into the park snowmobiling and snowshoeing. will roughly follow the existing service road. Future park camping and day-use C. Provide recreation opportunities areas will not be very far into the park, and experiences that are making them easy to fi nd. appropriate to the park resources and settings, and match OPRD’s Objectives include: role in the region Provide approach and orientation signs from both directions to improve visitor Although the park is limited in size, there orientation to the place. is still space for providing for a variety of experiences on site, and for using the

Goals for Park Management and Improvement: Chapter 8 85 park as a hub for exploring the region. the activities are pond-related and will Desired experiences that can be provided require designated access trails. Pond for include interpretation, playing around use can be directed by the placement of and on the pond, a variety of overnight access points and limited structures such options and exploring the park by trail with as piers or docks. interpretive support. Provide a trail network that will link the Th e park, with its location on the Scenic many varied park settings, interpretive Byway and within a popular tourist site opportunities and viewpoints into region, will be a hub for recreational an integrated system that is reached travelers, as well as a resting and support via the main day-use parking lot below site, whether driving or cycling. the dam. Some pedestrian bridges will Provide support facilities and space be required to attain a full network. for group events, such as the Friends Working with adjacent landowners, the of Bates annual reunion. Th is will network should be expandable where include day-use and overnight group shared access is acceptable, to access use, provided in a manner where other existing trail systems, viewpoints the two work together well. Provide and use areas. Motorized trails are not interpretation at group use areas. appropriate for this park, other than Provide for a variety of overnight potential snowmobiling use in the options, including RV/tent, camper winter months. cabin and walk-in camping, at a Providing shade for summertime use in capacity that can ﬁ t within the available the day-use and camp loop areas. space. Th e small size of this space will Consider providing for winter use, allow for only one moderately-sized such as snowmobiling, snow shoeing main camping loop, and some walk-in and cross-country skiing that could and camper cabin opportunities on a be supported out of the day-use nearby forested slope. parking lot, if management measures Provide for day-use activities including such as snow removal and toilets can trail use, picnicking, interpretation, be provided. Th is will be a Field and limited paddling and swimming. Operations management decision on an Available space at the site will limit the on-going basis. size of the day-use area, but can allow for a group use shelter and interpretive D. Promote public awareness, panels. Th e upper end of the pond can understanding appreciation and support limited, mostly walk-in, day use enjoyment of the park through from the lower parking lot. Many of interpretation and evocative experiences

86 Bates State Park Focus interpretation of the history of Facility design and installation should the town of Bates and Bates Mill, and include the objective of sustainability, habitat enhancement. Th e fi rst topic as much as is feasible within available can convey a sense of what life was like budgets and site constraints. Methods during the mill era and what it still and materials that can take advantage of means today to regional families and the plentiful solar energy at the site, local history. Th e second topic will address materials and products and an existing or the strong emphasis on aquatic and future recycling system are encouraged. riverine habitat enhancement on the Lighting should be provided for “dark Middle Fork and its tributaries. skies” protection and enjoyment. Provide interpretation based on an F. Form partnerships to aid in Interpretive Level Th ree including achieving these goals permanent, outdoor sign structures, trail signage, and a seasonal staff presence for Continue to work closely with Th e peak days and/or events. A program Friends of Bates in providing for an that works eff ectively with the Friends enjoyable and educational experience of Bates and fi sh management agencies at the park. Th ey are one of OPRD’s needs to be crafted. most prominent partners for this park. Th eir understanding of the history of E. Provide for adequate park the place, local opportunities and future management, maintenance, possibilities will be essential. rehabilitation and operational support for the park Build strong relationships with other potential partners including the U.S. Th e park needs some basic maintenance Forest Service, Confederated Tribes of support facilities due to the distance the Warm Springs, ODOT’s Scenic from the District Offi ce in John Day. Byways Program, Scenic Cycling A maintenance area and basic storage/ Route advocacy, Oregon Watershed maintenance shop should be provided for Enhancement Board, Oregon at the park. A host site or sites should be Department of Fish and Wildlife, designated in the campground to assist Grant County, the Cities of John staff presence, since there will be no staff Day and Prairie City, and Th e Nature residence or public access offi ce at this park. Conservancy, to name a few. Th ese Regular staff patrols and facility support partners will be essential for both visits will come out of the District Offi ce habitat enhancement guidance and or from Clyde Holliday State Park in John support, and providing for needed Day. recreational access and support. OPRD welcomes the opportunity to work closely with all of them.

Goals for Park Management and Improvement: Chapter 8 87 G. Plan for future park expansion Consider any adjoining parcels that become available for purchase on a case- No specifi c additions to the park have by-case basis for potentially expanding been identifi ed at this time. Over time, or buff ering the park. some adjacent lands may be available for purchase and may be considered for their potential contribution to habitat enhancement, and expanded recreation and interpretation. Any available parcels will be considered on a case-by-case basis using OPRD’s acquisition evaluation process and objectives.

Creek at Bates State Park (OPRD 2009).

88 Bates State Park Strategies for Park Resource Management: Chapter 9

Overview Control weeds along avenues of Th is chapter outlines general guidelines dispersal - roads, parking areas, ditches, for the management, enhancement and trails, and streams. Weeds are currently restoration of natural, cultural and scenic growing and fl ourishing immediately resources in the park, based on OPRD adjacent to many of the parks roads and policies and statewide objectives, and trails. Th is encourages weed seed spread specifi c Opportunity Areas and Goals on vehicles, socks, dogs, etc. identifi ed in the master planning process. Outside of weed control along avenues Th e Natural and Cultural Resource of dispersal, control weeds in areas that Management policies and objectives are in the best ecological condition and are listed in the Appendices. OPRD have the highest conservation ranking will complete more detailed resource fi rst in order to prevent their rapid management prescriptions and will compile deterioration. It is much easier to a natural resource management plan for the maintain than to restore. park, following approval of the master plan. Control perimeters of existing Natural Resource weed infestations in the absence of suffi cient manpower to attack the Management Strategies whole infestation. Th is strategy allows for control, but not eradication. Park-wide Natural Resource Controlling spread is sometimes all that Management Strategies can be reasonably done with limited Weed Management resources. Rapidly occupy growing space cleared Early detection and rapid response is of weeds with native plants that can critical for eff ective and effi cient weed occupy and dominate the site. management.

89 Irrigation and Water Rights Th e aquatic environment at Bates State Park includes the former mill pond, Bridge It will be diffi cult and slow to establish Creek (upstream and downstream of the free-to-grow trees and other plantings pond), isolated wetlands, Clear Creek, without watering. OPRD will confi rm the and the Middle Fork. Issues of concern property’s water rights for irrigation. include: the water quality of the pond and Bates Pond its impact on Bridge Creek and Middle Fork; fi sh passage from the Middle Fork to Well south of Bates Pond upper Bridge Creek, lack of suitable fi sh Middle Fork John Day River, Clear habitat on the Middle Fork, Bridge Creek, Creek, and Bridge Creek pond, and Clear Creek; the lack of riparian Well across the road habitat on all water bodies; and wetland degradation or loss. Specifi c enhancement Fire Control and Management and restoration actions will be outlined in forth-coming prescriptions and natural Complete a fi re control and management resource planning, to be completed by plan for the park. OPRD parallel to and following the master Aquatic Habitat Management plan. Strategies Water Quality

Th e issues related to the aquatic Although there is an acknowledged general environment, including the riparian lack of data, it is reasonable to assume that area and all wetlands in Bates State Park the dam retaining water from Bridge Creek are complex and require substantial results in elevated water temperatures from investigation, planning, and funding. Due solarization and possibly creates conditions to the aggressive schedule for development suitable for algal blooms. Since Bridge and opening of a park at this site, planning Creek is perennial and positive outfl ow and development of the park will proceed, occurs year-round, there are potential based on the master plan proposals for impacts on the water quality of lower park facilities, for areas that are not crucial Bridge Creek and the Middle Fork at, and for aquatic habitat and are currently in below the Bridge Creek confl uence with poor condition. As more site information the river. ODEQ is currently drafting is acquired, management strategies can be Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) refi ned. Opportunities for restoration can allocations for the Middle Fork that are be protected by following the Opportunity expected to include temperature as a Area guidance in this plan. Development critical water quality limiting factor. Water will be limited to the areas outlined in the quality conditions in the pond may become Opportunity Areas and types and sizes as seasonally unsuitable for native fi sh that outlined in the Development Concepts.

90 Bates State Park are now protected by federal law. OPRD runs with higher velocities, and simplifi ed will work with natural resource agencies stream bed shape. Clear Creek has had less in developing a potential mitigation and modifi cation but could be improved. compliance approach for Bates Pond Poor Riparian Habitat that can be consistent with water quality standards. Th e severe lack of riparian vegetation Fish Passage along all the water bodies contributes to compromised water quality (elevated A newly-constructed fi sh ladder adjacent to water temperatures) and fi sh habitat (bank the pond’s dam was designed to pass adult stability, woody debris recruitment) but and juvenile salmonids from the river to also reduces the potential for bird and upper Bridge Creek. Adult Chinook and mammal use. steelhead have been observed successfully passing upstream through the fi sh ladder. Monitor and assess data: Addressing Th ere have been no observations made all of the above issues will rely on the of juvenile passage. Concern has been collection of more data through a period expressed regarding the stress of passage of monitoring and assessment. Th is is on salmonids in the pond due to possible required before any fi nal decision can be introduction of exotic fi sh predators and made regarding aquatic issues. Once the poor water quality (temperature, pH). data is in place, it may be possible to choose from a series of enhancement options that Poor Fish Habitat will best suit the aquatic environment. Some options have been listed below. In Bridge Creek, the pond, Clear Creek and Other options may emerge following the Middle Fork, there is a lack of shrubs master plan completion. Th e appropriate and trees in the riparian area, limited large solutions will need to be phased in over a wood debris, and highly-reduced stream period of years. complexity, all of which contribute to poor fi sh habitat in the water bodies. Lack of Aquatic habitat enhancement alternatives woody plants in the riparian area reduces relating to the pond potential shading benefi ts, wood debris Pending data acquisition from current recruitment and structure for macro- and anticipated future monitoring in the invertebrates (fi sh food source). Th e project area, exploration of aquatic habitat lower Bridge Creek and Middle Fork have enhancement options are speculative at been historically channeled to provide this point. Th e options discussed below maximum use for the mill development are conceptualized and form a preliminary and the adjacent roads. Th e result is list for further discussion. After data has highly simplifi ed channels disconnected been acquired a future natural resource from their historical fl oodplains, straight

Strategies for Park Resource Management: Chapter 9 91 management plan for the park will explore Establish native riparian vegetation on the best course of action to improve aquatic all water bodies inside 100-foot buff er habitat. See the Appendices for a listing of based on location of current alignment pros and cons on these options. of the river and creeks Increase channel complexity, No alteration of aquatic habitat: morphometry, structure, and dynamics Potential impacts of leaving in current of Bridge and Clear Creeks and the conditions are described above. Middle Fork (i.e. create eddies, high- Remove the dam: Th is option would fl ow channels, sinuosity, wetland eliminate the pond and signifi cantly benches, lower bank slopes, add large limit the intended recreational activities boulders and, wood to create pools and associated with the pond which includes riffl es). boating, swimming, scenic enjoyment, Reconnect lower Bridge Creek and the and cultural appreciation of the pond Middle Fork to historical fl oodplain as the last major remnant feature of the town and mill. OPRD will work with Increase shading of the pond through natural resource agencies in developing increasing aquatic vegetation and/or a potential mitigation and compliance adding shading structures to portions of approach that can meet the required the pond. water quality standards. Dredge portions of the pond to increase Connect upper Bridge Creek with water depth. upstream opening of fi sh ladder by constructing an open fi sh bypass Aquatic Habitat channel. Management Connect upper Bridge Creek to lower Recommendations Bridge Creek by-passing pond and fi sh ladder Riverine Riparian Vegetation Gravity fl ow from upper Bridge Creek through a pipe to fi sh ladder base in Th e property’s Middle Fork, Clear Creek warm seasons and Bridge Creek frontage should be planted with shade-providing woody Convey cooler water from bottom of vegetation and competitive native pond to bottom of fi sh ladder in warm vegetation. Competitive native understory seasons vegetation will reduce the invasion of Increase lower Bridge Creek fl ow riparian habitat by invasive species such through soil before entering the Middle as reed canarygrass, yellow toadfl ax, and Fork (i.e. infi ltration galleries, bio- Canada thistle. Forest canopy shading will swales) help toward this goal as canopy becomes

92 Bates State Park denser with understory developed to Backwater areas (alcoves, sloughs, initially keep the ground clear of invasive seasonal overfl ow channels) plants. Braided channels Target community composition/species Clear Creek: Th is area already has some palette: A number of plant communities backwater and braiding, as well as will occur in the riparian strip - ranging predominantly gently sloping to fl at banks. from forest, to shrubland, to emergent Woody debris and other forms of instream marshland vegetation types. Placement of structure would be of value. Tree planting each species will need to be determined would defi nitely be of value. carefully according to topographic and moisture preferences for each species. See the section “Riverine riparian Target species are listed in the Appendices vegetation” above for more detailed Chapter. treatment of riparian vegetation and plantings. See the section “Riverine aquatic environment and channel morphology” Bates Pond Aquatic Environment below for more detailed treatment of Control aquatic weeds: At least channel morphology. Myriophyllum is present. Th ere may be Riverine Aquatic Environment and other species present as well. A survey of Channel Morphology aquatic (deepwater) weeds would be very useful. No inventory of deepwater habitat Th e Middle Fork and Bridge Creek was done in the course of the 2008 survey. below the dam: Th e banks of these water features could be regraded or recontoured Consider establishing yellow pondlily in some places for greater habitat benefi t. (Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepalum) and Topographic diversity and reduced river fl oating leafed pondweeds (Potamogeton channelization would provide a greater spp.) to partially blanket some shallow number of habitat niches for plant species portions of the pond and provide shading and communities, resulting in better overall of open water for the purpose of mitigating species diversity and habitat value for water temperature rise. Th ese species will other species in both terrestrial and aquatic also add to the habitat diversity of the habitat areas. pond. Topographic modifi cation might include: Consider adding some constructed shade structures, such as fl oating docks and swim Establishment of sinuosity platforms. Areas of gentler bank slopes

Strategies for Park Resource Management: Chapter 9 93 Bates Pond Riparian Vegetation North Face of the Dam

Th e riparian edge of Bates Pond should Th e north face of the dam (facing away be planted with shade-providing woody from the pond itself) should not be vegetation and competitive native disturbed and should not be planted to vegetation. Native understory competitive shrubs or trees. Th e existing grass cover vegetation will reduce the invasion of should be maintained. riparian habitat by invasive species such as knapweed, reed canarygrass, Dalmatian Upland Forest Establishment toadfl ax, and Canada thistle. Th e wide, fl at bench/former road grade It would be benefi cial to regrade the stretching from near the Middle Fork bank in some places for a wider variety confl uence to approximately one third of of topographic positions and increased the way to the Bates Pond dam is a wide, amounts of lower, wetter ground. Th e fl at, disturbed site. Th is area would be a banks are currently very steep and fairly strong candidate for forest re-establishment. poor for the establishment of plantings that Because of its soil compaction and level of might be considered. disturbance, it may be necessary to subsoil Target community composition/species and scarify the surface in order to allow palette: A number of plant species can for eff ective reforestation. Th is area would provide potential dominants for the naturally fall within the mixed conifer riparian areas around the waterway. forest type of the adjacent forest on its Placement of each species will need to uphill fl ank. be determined carefully according to Target community: Ponderosa pine- topographic and moisture preferences for western larch-grand fi r-lodgepole pine / each species. Because of the steep grade common snowberry-grouse whortleberry- from the pond’s edge to the old road birch spiraea /pinegrass-elk sedge-tailcup grades above, the moisture regime varies lupine-heartleaf arnica-showy aster-creeping from marshy to very dry and rocky. Target oregongrape. Target species are listed in the species are listed in the Appendices. Appendices.

Terrestrial Habitat Dry, Disturbed Former Mill Site Management Strategies Soils

Th e terrestrial habitat strategies cover all Th e soils here are mostly poor and rocky, areas that are not classifi ed as aquatic. Th is consisting of fi ll of unknown origin. includes upland and lowland areas covering Vegetation is not growing well on these forest, woodlands, meadows and disturbed soils presently. It may be necessary to areas. import a layer of topsoil to eff ectively

94 Bates State Park revegetate the area. Irrigation would aid General Forest and Woodland in rapid establishment of native grasses to Areas get quick cover and help to exclude weedy species from taking over. It will not be Remove/burn slash piles from all areas in possible to restore this area to what it once which there occur. Th ere are hundreds was due to changes in soils and hydrology. of piles on the property and contribute Given the currently dry character and to ﬁ re danger and too much habitat for poor soils of the site, an appropriate low- undesirable mammals. maintenance community may be best Open Woodland suited to low density Ponderosa pine- lodegpole pine woodland consistent with Maintain very open conditions. Monitor what would be found on upland ﬂ ats in for cheatgrass and other non-native annual rocky soils. Target species are listed in the grass infestations and contain or eradicate Appendices. those that are already present.

Wet, Disturbed Ground at Former Monitor succession: Mill Site 1. Limit tree recruitment through precommercial thinning or prescribed Th ese areas should be planted to species burning. similar to those of the Middle Fork 2. May need to burn or graze if woodland riparian area as described above. Some conditions start to in-fi ll with either portions might be maintained as emergent undesirable herbaceous vegetation or marshland or shrub-scrub, rather than woody vegetation. riparian forest/forested wetland for habitat - Both woody and herbaceous diversity and interest. Aspen forested vegetation might in-fi ll due to lack of wetland would be valuable here for both fi re in this area of historic 20-30 year habitat diversity and scenic interest. All of fi re return intervals. Prescribed fi re the desired species are already present, but might be considered to restore and/or seed could be collected and spread or plants maintain. could be transplanted to fi ll in areas where - Herbaceous vegetation may become weeds or trash currently predominate. Th e a problem if non-native grasses are emergent marsh species palette is listed in allowed to proliferate. Fire will not the Appendices. likely help in this situation, but appropriately timed grazing might. - More detailed assessment would be needed in either case.

Strategies for Park Resource Management: Chapter 9 95 Consider seeding open areas with Idaho maintenance of species diversity through fescue and bluebunch wheatgrass in some patch openings and thinnings. Grand areas. Ponderosa pine/Idaho fescue, ﬁ r should be encouraged to become Ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/Idaho fescue, more prominent, possibly through sparse Ponderosa pine/bluebunch wheatgrass, and plantings or simply allowing the natural Ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/bluebunch regeneration that is present to continue to wheatgrass are all considered somewhat grow and reproduce. Grand ﬁ r should be rare in Oregon, due in part to past grazing preserved when thinning operations are practices. Any grazing considered on the planned, at least until it reaches a natural property should be timed to minimize stocking level. In general, the forest damage to native bunchgrasses and understory is healthy and will take care of maximize consumption of less desirable itself. species. Seeding or planting understories with other species is unnecessary. Target Meadows on Ridge Tops and Upper species area listed in the Appendices. Slopes

Mixed Conifer Forest Remove or burn slash piles. Disperse side-cast cobbles from road use. Th ese Manage for mid to late successional species side-cast strips delineate roads and are the diversity and structure. only signifi cant signs of past disturbance. Once dispersed, the area will appear nearly Th is type of forest in this area probably pristine. never reached true old-growth status due to the relative frequency of wildfi re. Treat infestations of non-native annual Th ese mixed conifer forests were likely grasses before they become a problem. characterized by infrequent or lower Th ese meadows are currently very scenic intensity fi re due to their topographic and have abundant wildfl owers. Invasion moisture and aspect. Fire conditions by weeds would destroy these qualities. were evidently such that shade tolerant Th ese meadow habitats are the most and relatively fi re intolerant species such signifi cant non-aquatic natural habitats as grand fi r were allowed to successfully on the property and have the highest reproduce. In the interest of maintaining conservation ranking and lowest suitability the diversity of these stands and the for development. Trail development would diffi culty of and concerns about allowing be appropriate, but trails should be laid natural fi re processes, these stands are out with wildfl ower and plant community probably best managed by encouraging aesthetics in mind and in balance with later successional status, with periodic views. Trail layout should be done

96 Bates State Park during peak wildfl ower bloom in order Any areas that are kept in grassland or open to site the trail for maximum benefi t and conditions might be restored to Elymus minimum detriment. Seed or otherwise lanceolatus-Potentilla gracilis-Sidalcea propagate FESIDA and AGRSPI, which oreganum-Solidago canadensis. If wet have declined due to past grazing. Th ese areas remain, they would be best suited species are currently present, but the plant to Carex pellita. Scattered Ribes aureum community has shifted slightly towards and Woods’ rose would be appropriate and species that are adapted to cattle grazing, attractive. Snowberry will come in on its and are slightly out of sync with historic own. character. Active Power Line Corridors Pastureland South of Bates Pond Continue with current management, i.e. Control weeds in this location. Much cutting down taller trees once they start of this area might be planted to riparian to get close to the power lines to allow woody vegetation to shade Bridge Creek, for maintenance access, unless there is an but any areas that are left open will need to option for relocation or burial of the lines. be cleaned up. Th ere is a large amount of Control weeds as necessary. garbage on site. Structures will presumably be removed. An artesian well is currently Unused, Decommissioned Power wetting the ground over a portion of this Line Corridors area. If this well is used for campground Plant trees in densities and species use, this area will become drier and will consistent with adjacent forest communities shift away from the sedges and other on similar or identical aspects and wetland plants that are currently present. elevations. Use low density Ponderosa pine Aspen woodland would be appropriate in on the west-facing slopes. Lodgepole pine this area. Th e target community would will seed itself. Understory communities be something like Populus tremuloides/ are intact and will take care of themselves Symphoricarpus albus-Spiraea betulifolia- with periodic control of weeds. Use low Lathyrus lanswertii. In reality, planting density Ponderosa pine, grand fi r, and larch Populus and controlling non-natives on the east-facing slopes. will likely lead to establishment of this community or something similar fairly easily.

Strategies for Park Resource Management: Chapter 9 97 Insert Map 12

Strategies for Park Resource Management: Chapter 9 99 Cultural Resource affi liation to the area to involve the Tribes Management in assessing the cultural signifi cance of the project sites and actions needed to protect Th ere will be no need to manage any signifi cant resources. aboveground remnants of the former mill, as the site has been determined to not be Scenic Resource signifi cant due to extensive disruption Management and removal of the features. Th e only remaining elements of the mill are the pond OPRD has no formal policy on scenic and dam, and a few scattered shrubs and resource management in state parks, but trees. Retaining the pond and mill is a goal follows general guidance provided by of this plan, but is not technically a cultural OPRD’s mission statement and OPRD’s resource management requirement due to a recreation setting defi nitions developed for lack of site signifi cance. the Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan. Th e recreation setting Sites where archeological resources are defi nitions are applied in the master plan most likely to be found were identifi ed assessments. Th is park would fall into the in the master planning process through a Roaded Natural category, but more specifi c review of State Historic Preservation Offi ce settings, within the park, are identifi ed by (SHPO) fi les on previous archeological area in the Opportunity Area Chapter. investigations and recent fi eld work to identify potential sites. Important views for public enjoyment, trail development and vegetation management SHPO staff determined that further are identifi ed in the Opportunity Areas investigations could be deferred to the Chapter. Management actions to create construction design phase for planned and retain selected views from targeted projects. OPRD will be required to consult viewpoints are outlined in this chapter. with SHPO prior to ground breaking for See the Opportunity Area Chapter for construction projects and other ground viewpoint locations. disturbing activities, and follow required SHPO protocol for investigating project Pond Views sites and protecting any signifi cant Panoramic pond views are generally seen resources. from the ridge line of the two hills on the Prior to beginning planned new east and west side of the pond. Lower development projects described in the views of the pond are also possible as you master plan, OPRD or SHPO staff will walk around the edge of the water body, arrange consultation with representatives of but the best of these views is from the south Native American Tribes that claim cultural end as you look down towards the dam.

Strategies for Park Resource Management: Chapter 9 101 OPRD should explore the possibility of providing accessible pond views around the edge with access via a dock onto the water body. Th e views from the ridgelines will need to be maintained or vegetation will eventually screen the impressive view.

Mountain and Valley Views

Views of the surrounding area are aﬀ orded from the meadows atop the hill on the west side of the park. Th e views from here include the distant peak of Dixie Mountain. Th ere are also views of the Middle Fork valley from a rock outcropping and meadow area above the section of Bridge Creek that is north of the ﬁ sh ladder. Th ese views also take in the pond, former mill area and town site. Maintaining views will require vegetation management at key viewpoints with occasional pruning of the lower limbs of trees and maintaining the height of understory vegetation. Scenic creek at Bates State Park (OPRD 2009).

Screening Undesirable Views

Views of the county road from the valley bottom and of the future campground from the county road will be screened by proposed riparian plantings along the Middle Fork. Views from Bridge Creek and associated trails there of the proposed campground and day use area in the valley bottom will be screened by riparian plantings along Bridge Creek. Views of the bare banks of the pond from trails and from the head of the pond will be softened with native plantings. Gravel Area at Bates State Park (OPRD 2009).

102 Bates State Park Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10

Conceptual Design for Park Development Projects

State park master plans include text and Preliminary and fi nal project designs are illustrations that propose appropriate reviewed in cooperation with the local land locations, layouts, sizes, and types of use approval authority as needed to ensure recreation facilities. Th e locations and compliance with the intent of the master layouts of development projects are plan. illustrated in a general or conceptual manner. Reasonable fl exibility to make OPRD is dedicated to proposing facilities changes in the locations and layouts of that are needed to support outdoor development project components when recreation that is needed in the region, and completing fi nal designs is expected, that are appropriate for the park setting provided that such changes: and OPRD’s roles as a recreation provider. Proposed park facilities are selected, located Do not change the types, maximum and designed to avoid signifi cant impacts sizes or capacities of projects; on important resources, as identifi ed in the Do not signifi cantly impact important resource assessments and Opportunity Area natural, cultural or scenic resources; and sections prepared for the master plan. Th e proposed facilities are also selected, located, May not be moved to new development and designed to avoid incompatible sites that are not identifi ed in the plan, recreation uses or have signifi cant impacts or to other types of use sites where the on surrounding land uses. relocated use would be inconsistent with the planned use of the site.

103 General Parameters for Provide opportunities for access by Design visitors with disabilities and diff erent economic and cultural backgrounds. General parameters that are considered in Design facilities to be cost eff ective to formulating development concepts in state construct and maintain. park master plans include the following: Design facilities to be sustainable over Balance multiple recreation needs and their lifetime. avoid or minimize confl icts among recreation uses; Design the park for an enjoyable, safe and meaningful experience. Provide good access and circulation for vehicles and non-motorized travel to and within the park; Key Requirements Prior to Locate and design facilities, roads and Recreation Development trails in a manner that is understandable Bates State Park is not a “typical” state park. by the public in navigating to and OPRD purchased this property knowing it through the park; would interpret the history of the site as a Avoid or mitigate signifi cant impacts on former lumber mill while also changing its important natural, cultural and scenic landscape to a natural appearance normally resources within or adjacent to the park; associated with a typical state park. A large Take advantage of and create scenic portion of Bates State Park is currently views and resource interpretation an old industrial site. OPRD is working opportunities; closely with DEQ to make sure that any hazardous materials are mitigated in a Present an appearance that is manner that is friendly to the environment harmonious with the setting, the region and completely safe for the visiting public. and a state park experience; Provide choices for visitors who may Th is is not a responsibility that OPRD have diff erent desires for recreation takes lightly. Th e potential to restore amenities and settings; a place as a beautiful natural area is Cluster development to keep most of important. OPRD is taking on this the park lands undeveloped; challenge, which is best stated in the agency’s strategic planning document, the Avoid or mitigate confl icts with Centennial Horizon Plan, “OPRD will neighboring land uses; acquire and restore lands that have the Achieve compliance with regulatory potential to become special places.” With requirements including state land this in mind we encourage our partners, use goals, local comprehensive plans, stakeholders, volunteers and Th e Friends building codes and resource laws;

104 Bates State Park of Bates to work with us as we begin pond with their future restored riparian the long process of restoring this site areas once again will aff ord good habitat to a more natural state, while retaining for fi sh passage and wildlife use, while recreation access and developing recreation providing access for a variety of recreational opportunities. It will take many years to uses. see the fruits of these eff orts, before the site will appear “park-like”. We plan to Initially, the park approach and entrance share the story of the restoration eff orts and any needed signs will be installed. as a learning tool for other places and Soon after initial day-use parking and landowners. restrooms will be provided. Initial overnight camping will be provided as soon Phasing as funding can allow. Trails expansion and improvements of existing service roads for Redevelopment of the site will most likely trail use will occur as funding may allow. require that the work is carried out in Some interpretation will be part of the park phases. Th is General Plan in the plan opening. summary chapter illustrates how the park would look when all of the proposed Summary of Proposed Recreation design concepts and restoration projects are Activities and Amenities: completed. Th e successful completion of this plan will require a strong partnership Th e following list describes future with the local community. Th e park recreation activities and amenities that are manager welcomes assistance with events, proposed for the park: interpretation, trail and vegetation upkeep - Biking and mountain biking and visitor contact and supervision through - Camping OPRD’s Friends and Camp Host programs. - Camper Cabins Hopefully, the design concepts herein will - Full hook-up sites stimulate new community partnerships, - Hiker/Biker Camp while retaining longtime friends and - Drinking water fountains partners. - Entrance gateway to park with photo opportunity area Priorities will guide the phasing of park - Evening programs improvements. To open the park, much - Forest loop walks eff ort has been expended on cleaning up - Long hikes (pending access to adjacent the site to make it available for public use. lands) OPRD has geared up for initial restoration - Interpretation of Bates history and work and will restore and enhance many environment more areas of the park over time. Th is slow - Interpretive events process will ensure that the river, creeks and - Meadow areas

Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10 105 - Native plant viewing Major Design Concepts - Non-motorized boating - Open ﬁ eld play Summary of Proposed Recreation - Panoramic views of pond, valley, Facilities mountains - Picnicking Th e following list of proposed facilities will - Restrooms be built over a period of years following the - RV sewerage dump station development of a phasing plan for the park - Short hikes around the pond with docks and as funding allows. and access to pond edge Central campground with up to 35 - Showers electrical/water hookup sites (maximum - Special events (including biannual pad length 60 feet), RV dump station, Friends of Bates meeting) restrooms and showers; - Terrestrial mammal watching Up to 12 camper cabins with restroom - Warming huts building and parking; - Wildlife and bird watching A hiker/biker camp with restroom - Winter activities (potentially): building and parking; Snowmobiling on adjacent lands, snowshoeing, cross country skiing

Design concept for entrance at Bates State Park (OPRD 2009).

106 Bates State Park Lower pond day-Use area with parking Design Concepts by Area (30 vehicles) and picnic shelter (accommodates 100 persons); Park Approach Upper pond day-use area with Th e approach to the park, from Highways parking (5 vehicles) and picnic shelter 26 and 7, will have the standard state (accommodates 16 persons); park shield ¼ and ½ mile signs. Near Recreation access to pond with docks, the intersection of Highways 26 and 7 loop trail, and limited parking (all OPRD will work with ODOT to have a universally accessible); map and sign installed that can be read by Trails for hiking/biking/snowshoeing vehicles pulling oﬀ of the road from either and limited cross country skiing and direction. snowmobiling (7 miles total with numerous ¼ to 1 mile loops); Park Entrance and Lower Pond Day Use Area Trail hub to connect with Warm Springs, US Forest Service and Sumpter Th is area is in the former mill site. It has Dredge Railroad Trail; and formerly been graded to create a mostly Small maintenance yard with shop. level surface except for the dam and channelized streams. Th e park entrance would be marked by a gateway and sign that enables the visitor to clearly recognize they are entering a state park with an interesting history behind it. Th e design of the entrance will pay tribute to the former town residents, mill workers and local residents who still greatly value this landscape. Th is design style will be carried throughout the park with buildings and structures forming a cohesive whole.

Current entrance at Bates State Park (OPRD 2009).

Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10 107 Th e day-use area would provide typical stops throughout the park. Around the facilities you ﬁ nd at a state park including day-use area there would be a wide variety parking, restrooms and a picnic shelter. of recreation activities to enjoy, including With 30 parking spaces, this area would access to the major loop trails in the park. be a hub from which to explore the park Bike rentals may be oﬀ ered in the future trails and connect with trails outside of if the park becomes a mountain bike hub the park. In the area of the picnic shelter for trails to adjacent Forest Service lands. orientation and interpretive panels will Group picnicking would be provided for by begin to tell the stories of the place and a picnic shelter. direct visitors to other areas and interpretive

Roads Rehab Improve park entrance intersection with county Grant County approval road. Provide safe ingress and egress. Consider Work with ODOT (scenic byway turning lane. coordination) Retain existing road alignment, but regrade and Wetland delineation needed around resurface with gravel. entrance road Work in wetland requires DSL and USACE permits (may trigger ESA consultation) 1200C storm water management permit and erosion sediment control plan Entrance New Add a new entrance structure to park that Explore possible Grant County Monument commemorates history of site requirements Include gate in design for entrance Lower Picnic New Add new picnic shelter (1,600 sq ft) that can County building permit Shelter accommodate 100 people. County require 100’ set back from creek Th e picnic shelter may be enclosed or partially 1200C storm water management permit enclosed, and will display interpretive materials. and erosion sediment control plan Picnic Areas New Create two outdoor, picnic table areas Restroom New Add new toilet building, double vault style is County building permit building recommended 1200C storm water management permit and erosion sediment control plan Bike rental New Add bike rack. and bike rack Add new bike rental structure. Provide bike lockers storage for road bike visitors and place to repair bikes. Bike rentals could include road bikes, cross-bikes and mountain bikes.

108 Bates State Park Universal New Provide universal access to buildings. Explore possible Grant County Access Provide universally accessible trail around day-use requirements area Provide 3 universally accessible parking spaces in parking lot outlined below Provide universal access to pond Provide universal access ramps from side walks to road Add universally accessible orientation and interpretive signage Open Play New Create small, irrigated open space with lawn Field between campground and day use plaza.

Parking Areas New Add new parking (30 spaces with 3 space for Development approval by County universal access parking) County require 100’ set back from creek DEQ permit Work in wetland requires DSL and USACE permits (may trigger ESA consultation) Sidewalks New Add plaza around picnic shelter Add new sidewalks to and around bathroom from parking area Trails New Add small multiple use connecting trails between parking areas and other trails in park Site Furniture New Add drinking fountain near picnic shelter Add low stone wall Garbage receptacles Park Sign New Add park sign to plaza with space for visitors to take photo with sign Orientation New Add signage including activities board, park rules, Signs park map and direction signs

Interpretive New Add interpretive panels inside/outside picnic shelter Signage Landscaping New / Restore riparian habitat along west edge of day-use Explore possible Grant County Rehab area requirements Open play ﬁ eld planted with turf grass and edge Work in wetland requires DSL and planted for screening USACE permits Plant around building foundation to blend new Work in creek requires dechannelization structures with their surroundings permit working with ODFW, DSL and Add planting islands to parking area and around USACE plaza Work with local Watershed Council Create a semi-natural habitat around development Wetland delineation needed around area entrance road Use native tree and shrub species.

Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10 109 Bates Pond and Upper improve the aesthetic appearance of the Pond Day Use Area pond, with vegetation lining the now bare banks and trails replacing the wide dirt Th e pond aff ords excellent opportunities roads. Small docks and viewing terraces for recreational pursuits including a walk would provide access areas to the pond to around the pond and non-motorized protect the riparian edge. boating. Th e pond represents the last A small day use area would be developed at major feature of the former mill and the upper end of the pond, the Upper Pond town. As such, it is the last remaining Day-Use Area. Th is area is slightly raised cultural association that locals and former and aff ords a good location for a small residents have with the site. Th is means picnic shelter. Group use could be off ered the pond becomes the focus for reunions, here. A limited number of parking spaces families picnicking and other activities like would be provided, fi ve, with one reserved walking, boating and wildlife watching. for ADA access only. Th e access to this area Improvements would be implemented will be the gravel service road converted to improve fi sh habitat. Th is would also into a 10 to 12 foot wide hiking trail along the eastern edge of the pond.

View of Bates Pond looking Northeast (OPRD 2009).

110 Bates State Park Upper Picnic New Add new picnic shelter (1,000 sq ft) County building permit shelter (may be enclosed) that can accommodate up to 60 1200C storm water management permit people. and erosion sediment control plan

Picnic Areas New Add two new picnic areas Disperse picnic tables around pond in discrete locations and screen with landscaping if desired. Restroom New Add single vault or composting toilet near upper County building permit building picnic shelter 1200C storm water management permit and erosion sediment control plan Docks New Add non-motorized boat dock on east side of pond Explore possible Grant County Add fi shing dock on east side of pond requirements DSL and USACE approval Work with ODFW Universal New Add universal access to picnic shelter and bathroom Explore possible Grant County Access Provide universally accessible compatible loop trail requirements around pond Provide 4 universally accessible parking spaces Provide universal access to boat and fi shing dock Roads Rehab Rehabilitate road on east side of pond for one lane vehicular traffi c with pullouts and hiking use to Upper Pond Day Use Area Add gates where needed Parking Areas New Add small parking area near dam (5 spaces with 1 Possible DEQ grading permit universal access) Add small parking area near upper picnic shelter (5 spaces with 1 universal access) Trails Rehab Rehab multiple use loop trail around pond / New Add small multiple use trail between pond and days use areas Orientation New Add signage including activities board, park rules, Signs park map and direction signs

Site Furniture New Add drinking fountains near picnic shelter, if feasible Garbage receptacles Add low stone wall near picnic shelter Landscaping New / Restore riparian habitat along edge of pond Explore possible Grant County Rehab Improve meadow habitat south of pond requirements Improve ﬁ sh habitat along lower slopes of hill and Work in pond requires dechannelization around pond permit working with ODFW, DSL and Plant foundation plantings to blend new structures USACE with surroundings Work with local Watershed Council, ODFW and DEQ Work in wetland requires DSL permit

Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10 111 Campground and electricity and water. An RV dump station Maintenance Yard would be situated near the entrance road for campers to use when exiting the park. Th e campground would accommodate up Currently the site is very open, but over to 35 sites and may include a vault toilet time landscaping would provide shade and or fl ush restroom with showers. Th ere privacy screening. would also be a host site that can provide information and aid with registration for Th e maintenance yard would be located new arrivals. Th e camp sites would be opposite the campground entrance. Th e about 75 feet on center, creating a quite maintenance yard would include a small compact loop. Th e campsite pads would be maintenance shop, staff parking and placed quite close together due to limited storage. Landscaping and fencing could space for development within the riparian screen the maintenance yard from the buff ers. Th e campground would provide campground.

Campground Campsite New Provide up to 35 pads with water and electrical hook ups Development approval by County Pads at the sites or nearby. Possible DEQ grading permit required Place one pad next to campground entrance road to serve Wetland delineation needed around as host site. entrance road Work in wetland requires DSL and USACE permits (may trigger ESA consultation) Work in wetland requires DSL and USACE permits Restroom New Add vault toilet or fl ush toilets and showers Development approval by County building Add walkways around building If work in wetland requires DSL and USACE permits Work in wetland requires DSL and USACE permits RV Dump New Build station on south side of entrance road Development approval by County Station Possible DEQ grading permit required Drainfi eld New Construct drainfi eld in center of campground loop or as Development approval by County determined by Engineering Possible DEQ grading permit required Work in wetland requires DSL and USACE permits Site New Add tables and fi re pits at camp sites and stones or log Furniture barriers to keep vehicles in parking spaces. Add gate at entrance to campground Orientation New Add signage including activities board, park map, park Signs rules and direction sign near bathroom at each camp loop.

112 Bates State Park Roads New Make one-way campground road loop Development approval by County Add parking spaces in front of the bathrooms (5 spaces) Possible DEQ grading permit required Add parking spaces next to host site (2) Wetland delineation needed around entrance road Work in wetland requires DSL and USACE permits (may trigger ESA consultation) Trails New Add multi-use trail through campground and connect to Development approval by County Lower Pond Day Use Area, Creek Trail and Boulder Trail. Landscaping Retain/ Add designed meadow inside camping loops. Rehab Add native trees near perimeter of meadow to create naturalistic appearance and provide shade. Plant trees at campsites to provide shade for campers. Create sightlines from camp loop road to major restroom buildings by careful placement of vegetation. Add plantings between campsites and at restroom building. Retain existing native trees, shrubs, and ground cover where possible. Plant with natives where possible. Universal New Add at least 5 universal access campsites Explore possible Grant County Access Provide 2 universally accessible parking spaces at requirements restroom Add universal access to restrooms Provide universal access ramps from walkways to road Add universally accessible orientation and interpretive signage Maintenance Area Maintenance New Build maintenance yard with storage building, with Explore possible Grant County Yard parking bay (4,000 sq ft) requirements Portion of yard will require retaining wall to protect it Possible DEQ grading permit required from hillside Add gate at entrance to yard and secure perimeter with fencing Maintenance New Build small maintenance building with shop and space Grant County building permit Buildings for staﬀ use (600 sq ft) Possible DEQ grading permit required Parking Areas New Add parking spaces as needed Landscaping Retain/ Retain existing native trees, shrubs, and ground cover New where possible Add new plantings to screen yard from entrance road and campground

Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10 113 Design concept for shelter at Bates State Park (OPRD 2009).

Bates State Park (OPRD 2009).

114 Bates State Park Trails Creek Trail Loop

Th e trails and viewpoint areas provide a Th e trail parallels the Middle Fork and series of short loops that will pass through lower portion of Bridge Creek. It is a a wide variety of terrain and habitats. very fl at trail that aff ords an excellent Th ey will be designed in a cohesive but opportunity to get up close to the Middle distinctive style that enables the visitor to Fork and view the riparian restoration identify where they are in the park, and projects that will help to improve fi sh what they can do at each of the trailheads habitat. Th e trail connects with the major and viewpoints. Some new trails and day use area and is approximately 1 mile viewpoints will be added and the existing long and will take 30 minutes to hike. ones will be redesigned to fi t a park setting. Eff orts will be made to work with the Th e trails vary between a quarter of a mile Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs to one mile in length. Th e total length of to provide trail connections out of the park trail mileage in the park is approximately to their trails. fi ve miles. Th e majority of the trails are set Meadow Trail aside for hiking, but mountain biking, cross country skiing, and limited snowmobiling Th is trail is in the northwest corner of the access may also be off ered on certain trails. park and traverses the steep hillside. It connects with the Creek Trail and Dixie Regional Trail Connections Mountain Trail. Th e meadows are located Lying between Umatilla and Wallowa- on a bench at the hill top that aff ords a Whitman National Forests, the site has good view of the Middle Fork valley to access to 400 miles of trails on both sides the northeast. However, possibly one of and a northern boundary that fronts a the best views in the park is from the rock State Scenic Waterway segment of the outcropping above the major day-use area. Middle Fork of the John Day River. Th is view encompasses all of the pond, the OPRD hopes to partner with the US former mill area and town site of Bates. It Forest Service and the Confederated Tribes is the site where one of the well-known of the Warm Springs to provide regional panoramic photos of Bates was taken. Th e trail connections that will allow for a wide Meadow Trail is approximately 1 mile long variety of trail experiences including a and traverses the steepest terrain in the potential trail link to Sumpter Dredge State park. Park and Prairie City. Pond Trail Loop

Bates State Park can become a hub for Th is ﬂ at trail encircles the pond and is trail activities in the region; providing a approximately 0.6 miles long, and takes base for visitors to explore the surrounding about 15 minutes to complete. Th is trail waterways, valleys and rugged hills.

Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10 117 will be built to accommodate universal of the pond and aff ords good opportunities access. Th e east side of the pond will for bird watching. Th is trail connects with provide the main recreation opportunities the Pond Trail at the north and south ends. with access to the water and this section of A portion of this trail is a dirt road that trail will also double as the access road to can be used by cross country skiers and the Upper Pond Day-Use Area. Th e west snowmobilers in winter. From this trail it side of the pond will be more peaceful with will be possible to access the two Warming more plantings creating fewer views out Huts. Th is trail is approximately 1 mile over the water. Th is trail aff ords a great long and will take 30 minutes to hike. opportunity to learn about the eff orts to Eff orts will be made to work with the US improve fi sh habitat and water quality in Forest Service to provide trail connections the area. A “bump out” on the bridge that out of the park to their trails. will cross the fi sh ladder can be used to Boulder Trail interpret this story.

Dixie Mountain Trail Loop Th is trail encompasses the hill on the east side of the park. It takes visitors to the Th is trail is a mixture of steep grades and “boulder rock,” a local landmark. From very fl at sections as it crosses the meadow this rock there are panoramic views of at the top of the hill. Passing though the surrounding area including Dixie primarily Ponderosa pine, this quiet Mountain. Th e trail follows a gentle grade landscape aff ords the best view of Dixie for the major portion, but there are some Mountain. Despite its very close proximity steep sections. Th is trail also connects to the pond, it feels like a much more with the Walk-in Camp and the Camping remote landscape. Th e lower segment of Cabins. Th e total length of the trail is the trail runs along the ridge of the west approximately 0.75 miles. hill. Th is section of trail off ers great views

118 Bates State Park Creek New Hiking / cross country skiing /snowshoeing / wildlife viewing / Explore possible Grant Trail snowmobiling (small segment) County requirements Loop: Develop a loop trail that follows the Middle Fork and Bridge Creek. Work with Confederated Approximately 1 mile in length, the trail follows a very gentle grade. Is Tribes of Warm Springs suitable for universal access on trail linkage Will require one or two pedestrian bridges depending upon design. Priority is to build bridge over ﬁ sh ladder at the dam Provide link to trails on Warm Springs Property, if allowed Add interpretive and orientation signs where needed

Meadow New/ Hiking / mountain biking / cross country skiing / snow shoeing/ Explore possible Grant Trail: Rehab snowmobiling / wildﬂ ower viewing County requirements Develop and rehab a segment of trail that connects with the Dixie Mt. Work with US Forest Trail and the Creek Trail Service on trail linkage Approximately 1 mile in length the trail follows some ﬂ at sections, but also has a few very steep sections. It is not suitable for universal access Includes one viewpoint overlooking park May provide benches Add interpretive and orientation signs where needed

Pond New/ Hiking / cross country skiing/snowshoeing Explore possible Grant Trail Rehab Develop a loop trail around the pond that connects with both day-use areas County requirements Loop: and other trails Approximately 0.6 miles in length the trail is very ﬂ at. It is suitable for universal access. Provide trail signage that links Pond Trail to other hiking trails in park Add interpretige and orientation signs where needed

Dixie New/ Hiking / mountain biking / cross country skiing / snowshoeing / Explore possible Grant Mt. Trail Rehab snowmobiling (small segment) County requirements Loop: Develop and rehab a loop trail that connects with the Dixie Work with US Forest Mt. Trail and the Creek Trail Service on trail linkage Approximately 1 mile in length the trail follows some ﬂ at sections, but also has a few very steep sections. It is not suitable for universal access Includes two to four potential viewpoints overlooking the pond and out to the Dixie Mountain Add interpretive and orientation signs where needed

Boulder New Hiking / biking / cross country skiing / snowshoeing / snowmobiling: Explore possible Trail: Develop and rehab a segment of trail that connects with the Pond Trail and Grant County Walk-in Camp requirements Approximately 1 mile in length the trail follows some ﬂ at sections, but also has a few very steep sections. It is not suitable for universal access Includes two potential viewpoints overlooking pond and out to Dixie Mountain Benches where needed Add interpretive and orientation sign where needed

Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10 119 Camping Cabins and Walk- Th e other camping cabins will be spaced in Camping along the hillside above. Camping cabins are basic, two room, structures with heat and light. Th ey have no foundations or Th e parking for the Camping Cabins and plumbing. Th e Walk-in Camp is farther Walk-in Camp will be located near the along the hillside, located in a dense section park entrance. Parking will be on a small of forest. Th e farthest walk-in camp site bench on the hillside where there is space is 550 feet from the parking lot and toilet for a vault toilet and three camping cabins. building. Each site is designated by a ﬁ re ring and marker.

Project Option Concept Reviews / Approvals Description

Camping New Provide up to 12 camping cabins. County building permit Cabins Th e camping cabins are basic structures with no foundations or plumbing. Most have just two rooms (320 sq ft) Th ey can have heat and lighting. Restroom Provide a vault or composting toilet building. Building Walk-in Camp New Add walk-in camp with up to 10 designated sites Install a small vault or composting toilet if the restroom at the parking lot is not use by walk-in campers. Provide service access to toilet. Orientation New Add signage including activities board, park map, park rules Signs and direction sign. Roads Rehab Rehab short road oﬀ entrance road to parking area Parking New Gravel parking for up to 22 spaces,, including 3 ADA Trails New Add small connector segments from camps and camping cabins to link with Boulder Trail Landscaping Retain / Retain existing native trees, shrubs, and ground cover where Rehab possible Add new plantings to screen campground and cabins from trail Universal Access New Provide 3 universally accessible cabins next to parking area County building permit Provide 3 universally accessible parking spaces Add universal access to restroom Add universally accessible orientation and interpretive signage

Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10 123 Warming Huts

Th e warming huts will be located near the abandoned dynamite shack on the west side of the park. Th ese huts will be very basic structures that can accommodate winter recreationalists, including snowmobilers, cross country skiers and snowshoers.

Project Option Concept Reviews / Approvals Description Warming Huts New Consider up to 3 camping cabins as warming huts. County building permit Th e warming huts are basic structures with no foundations or plumbing. Th ey may have 3 or 4 sides (320 sq ft), heat and lighting Provide one stall composting or vault toilet and service access to toilet. Orientation New Add signage including activities board, park map, park rules and Signs direction sign. Trails New Add small connector segments from camps and camping cabins to link with Dixie Mt. Trail Landscaping Retain / Retain existing native trees, shrubs, and ground cover where Rehab possible Add new plantings to screen warming huts from trail Universal New Provide 1 universally accessible hut for those who may be riding County building permit Access snowmobiles.

124 Bates State Park West end of Bates State Park (OPRD 2009).

Hillside above Bates Pond (OPRD 2009).

Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10 125 Hillside above Bates Pond (OPRD 2009).

Park Development Concept Plans: Chapter 10 127 Strategies for Park Interpretation: Chapter 11

Overview Help visitors to understand that OPRD is working with several partner agencies Th e interpretive program describes the to research the best options for anaging media used to communicate the desired the Bridge Creek watershed. themes and achieve the interpretive goals. Based on the primary theme “Transforming Interpretive Media the Bates Mill site into a park oﬀ ers a recommendations window onto the people who lived and worked there and the place,” these initial Media are the means by which interpretive concepts for interpretive media will be messages are delivered. Th is can include further developed in the interpretive plan, both programs presented by staﬀ or which will follow the master plan. volunteers and non-personal interpretation such as signs and brochures. Interpretive Goals Top priority trails for interpretation are Spark appreciation for the history of the Creek Trail around the campground, Bates Town, Mill, and the Sumpter Meadow Trail, and Dixie Mountain Trail. Valley Railroad. A total of ten interpretive/orientation Increase awareness of hiking trails that panels are recommended spread across six provide opportunities for visitors to locations. Interpretive panel locations were explore local natural resources and selected in regard to the best sites to view historic sites. the resource being interpreted, and also to place the panels in areas least likely to be vandalized:

129 Th e Meadow Trail could include two A self-guided interpretive brochure could panels, one to interpret the town of be used on hikes for all three trails. Th ere Bates and one to tell the story of Bates would not be any panels placed along the Mill. trails other than those noted above, just An orientation panel featuring a map markers to indicate interpretive stops. Th e of the park and trails could be placed in stops could be indicated by a Carsonite the center of the campground loop in a post, for example. kiosk. A brochure dispenser placed next to the orientation panel would off er the Other Options interpretive self-guided brochure. Occasionally OPRD staff from other Th e picnic shelter in the day-use area parks could lead programs. could display three panels, one focused Volunteers from the Friends group on orientation featuring a map of the could lead programs. OPRD can park and trails, and two panels that provide interpretive training for those tell the story of the town and mill. interested. A brochure dispenser placed next to the orientation panel would off er the ‘GPS Ranger’ type units used for interpretive self-guided brochure. interpretation on the trails. Th e host on site could pass out the units for use by Just south of the picnic shelter on the public. Th e GPS Ranger plays video the low rock wall, two panels could and audio at selected sites identifi ed by interpret the restoration of the former GPS. Th is would allow more use of the mill site to the present day park. historic photos and other information One panel could be located at the north researched by the Friends group. ( A end of the pond to interpret the fi sh GPS Ranger is a hand-held portable ladder. device that can be taken on hikes.) One panel could be located along the east side of the current pond, to tell the story of how the pond was used in the mill operation and how the pond habitat has been restored. Th is can be located at one of the access points.

130 Bates State Park Land Use Compatibility and Permitting: Chapter 12

Overview Land Use Compatibility

Development of the park uses and facilities Prior to OPRD’s adoption of a state described in this master plan is governed by park master plan, land use approval of Grant County under the provisions of the the master plan by the aff ected local County’s comprehensive plan. Th e County’s government is required unless all of the comprehensive plan is acknowledged by planned park projects are determined by the Land Conservation and Development the local government to be compatible Commission (LCDC) pursuant to the with the local comprehensive plan statewide land use goals, statutes and and zoning ordinance. “Compatible” related administrative rules. means that development permits may be approved for all of the planned park Th is master plan has been formulated projects without fi rst amending the local through the master planning process government’s comprehensive plan or described under OAR 736 Division 18 zoning ordinance, or that the master plan and OAR 660 Division 34. Th e master language specifi cally states that a local plan planning process includes procedures or ordinance amendment will be needed for coordinating with aff ected local prior to construction of any project that is governments to assure that the park not compatible. Before adopting a master master plan is compatible with the local plan, OPRD requests that the aff ected local government comprehensive plan. government planning agency review the draft master plan for land use compatibility.

131 Th e Bates State Park Master Plan has been required for completing the development reviewed for local land use compatibility permitting process may also vary, therefore, by Grant County planning staff . County the project manager should consult with staff confi rmed that all of the planned the local government planning department park projects, as described in the Master early enough to assure that the permitting Plan, may be permitted under the process is completed prior to the target existing provisions of the County’s plan date for beginning construction. Prior and ordinance. Th e entire park is zoned to issuance of development permits for a “Primary Forest.” Park uses described in the project, the local government will review Master Plan are allowable as “Conditional the project plans and specifi cations to Uses” in this zone under County Ordinance assure that the project proposed for Article 65, section 65.050(E) “Parks and construction is consistent with the design Campgrounds.” Th e County’s “Flood concept and description of the project Hazard Combining Zone” overlays the in the park master plan and with any “Primary Forest Zone” in the area of the applicable development standards in the park mapped as 100-year fl oodplain by local government’s ordinances. FEMA. Buildings planned within this overlay must comply with the applicable Variations from the Master development standards specifi ed under Plan County Ordinance Article 69.1 in addition to the standards of the underlying zone. Under the provisions of OAR 736-018- 0040, OPRD may pursue development Development Permits for permits for a state park project that varies State Park Projects from a state park master plan without fi rst amending the master plan provided that Development permits will be required for the variation is minor, unless the master most of the development projects described plan language specifi cally precludes such in the master plan. Prior to beginning variation. Any specifi c project design construction of any project, the project elements that cannot be changed by manager is responsible for consulting with applying the “Minor Variation” rule are the aff ected local government planning indicated in the design standards for the department and obtaining the necessary projects in the master plan. development permits. Th e specifi c requirements for obtaining development permits for a project, and the kind of local permitting process required, may vary from one project to another. Th e time

132 Bates State Park Th e OPRD Director must determine Prior to applying for development permits that a proposed variation from the master for a project involving a minor location plan is “minor” using the criteria in OAR change of an existing facility or minor 736-018-0040. A minor variation from expansion of an existing use or facility, the the master plan, which is approved by the OPRD Director must determine that the Director, is considered to be consistent location change or expansion is “minor” with the master plan, contingent upon using the criteria in OAR 736-018-0043. the concurrence of the aﬀ ected local A determination by the Director that a government. proposed location change or expansion is minor is contingent upon the concurrence Rehabilitation of Existing of the aﬀ ected local government. State Park Uses

State laws allow OPRD to continue any state park use or facility that existed on July 25, 1997. (See ORS 195.125 and OAR 660-034-0030(8).) Th e laws allow the repair and renovation of facilities, the replacement of facilities including minor location changes, and the minor expansion of uses and facilities. Rehabilitation projects are allowed whether or not they are described in a state park master plan. Th ese projects are subject to any clear and objective siting standards required by the aﬀ ected local government, provided that such standards do not preclude the projects.

Land Use Compatibility & Permitting: Chapter 12 133 Appendices

Appendix A: OPRD • Consider the signifi cant ecological, Statewide Natural recreational and aesthetic qualities of our resources to be the highest priority. Resources Policies & • Develop and follow management Objectives programs and action plans which exemplify excellence in resource OPRD Natural Resource Policy stewardship, fulfi ll the agency mission, As stewards of the natural resources are guided by the management intent of entrusted to the Oregon Parks and our property classifi cation system and Recreation Commission, it shall be the meet or exceed federal, state and local policy of Oregon Parks and Recreation laws and regulations. Department to: Statewide Natural Resource • Proactively manage the natural resource Management Objectives base for its contribution to the regional landscape, as well as, its function within OPRD’s natural resource management a site specifi c planned landscape. guidelines for state parks are based on • Actively cooperate and communicate system-wide objectives, on the mapping of with our public and private neighbors natural resource conditions in the park, and to promote compatible programs and on ecosystem patterns. A summary of the practices. natural resource conditions in the planning • Inform, involve and educate the public area is included in Chapter 4, Park in signifi cant planned management Resource Assessments. Detailed resource actions, including the scientifi c and maps for the park are available for viewing practical aspects of current management at the OPRD Salem headquarters offi ce techniques and strategies. and the Regional State Park offi ce in Bend.

135 Th e following objectives have been d. Following a natural or human- established by OPRD to guide natural caused catastrophic event, such as resource management decisions for OPRD’s a major fi re, wind throw, landslide properties statewide. Th ese statewide or fl ooding; determine what objectives were considered in combination Management actions are needed, if with the particular resource conditions any, to attain a desired ecosystem at Bates State Park to determine specifi c condition or type. objectives for the park. Th e statewide objectives are listed below: 2. Where appropriate, restore or 1. Protect all existing high value, healthy, enhance existing low quality resource Native Oregon ecosystems found within areas to a higher quality or desired OPRD-managed properties. (Based ecosystem types or conditions based on Oregon Natural Heritage ecosystem on consultation with natural resource types and OPRD defi nition of high agencies as to what a desired ecosystem quality.) should be for the planning area and for the region. Identify areas of low a. Allow successional processes to resource signifi cance to consider proceed without intervention except for future recreational use and as may be needed in particular development, as identifi ed in the park circumstances. master plan. b. Identify and monitor existing high quality ecosystems for the presence 3. Manage all OPRD properties to protect of threats to desired ecosystem existing occurrences of state or federally types or conditions. Determine listed or candidate species to the whether there are changes desired approval of jurisdictional agencies: in ecosystem types or conditions based on consultation with Oregon a. Integrate species management plans Department of Fish and Wildlife, into ecosystem management plans the Oregon Natural Heritage that include the monitoring and Information Center, the Oregon management of indicator species. Department of Agriculture Protected b. For selected lands, in consultation Plants section, natural resource with natural resource regulatory interest groups and any aff ected agencies, determine how best federal resource management to manage for protected species agencies. recovery and related desired c. Manage the resources to eliminate ecosystem types and conditions. any unacceptable threats or to attain 4. Manage all OPRD lands and uses to desired ecosystem conditions and minimize erosion, sedimentation, and types. other impacts on important resources.

136 Bates State Park 5. Identify and acquire additional lands 9. For those OPRD properties or sites from willing landowners, or enter which are historically signifi cant into management partnerships with and which have been identifi ed by landowners, to provide long term the Department as priority sites viability for important natural resources for emphasizing cultural resource within OPRD-managed properties, protection, management and as needed. Consider connectivity of interpretation, manage the natural resources across properties. resources in the cultural resource areas to support cultural resource 6. In areas of high quality ecosystems interpretation, unless this would result or habitats, endeavor to provide in unacceptable confl icts with protected opportunities for the public to species or areas of special natural experience the following: resource concern. a. Sights, sounds, smells and feeling of ecosystems representative of Oregon 10. Manage OPRD natural resources to and the region; protect visitors, staff , facilities and b. Understanding of the ecosystem neighboring properties from harm. structure, composition and function; c. Larger views of the landscape of 11. Manage OPRD natural resources to which the ecosystem is a part. protect them from threats from adjacent or nearby properties or their use. 7. In selected areas of low quality natural resources, manage for: 12. Limit the use of non-native plants to a. Popular or attractive native plants or developed facility areas or intensive use animals that are appropriate to the areas, and as is needed to withstand local ecosystem; intensive use and to provide desired b. Desired views or settings; amenities such as shade, wind breaks, c. Desired cultural landscape etc. Wherever possible, use native restorations for interpretation. species in landscaping developed sites.

8. Locate, design and construct facilities that provide public access to high quality ecosystems or habitats in a manner that avoids signiﬁ cant impacts on the ecosystems.

Appendices 137 Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta/Symphoricarpos Appendix B: Description of albus(-Berberis repens)/Calamagrostis rubescens- Mapped Plant Communities Carex geyeri-Arnica cordifolia-Lupinus caudatus F05 Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine/common Map Code and Community Composition snowberry-creeping oregongrape-birch spiraea(- D Disturbed. Vegetation, when present, normally wax currant)(-chokecherry)(-golden currant) dominated by piornnering plant species. Mixture (-bitterbrush)/elk sedge-milk kelloggia-showy aster of species is normally skewed towards non-natives Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta/Symphoricarpos and noxious weeds. albus-Berberis repens-Spiraea betulifolia(-Ribes F01 Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine-western larch/Sitka cereum)(-Prunus virginiana)(-Ribes aureum) or mountain alder-common snowberry/aster-bog (-Purshia tridentata)/Carex geyeri-Kelloggia orchid-star fl owered false solomon’s seal-western galioides-Aster conspicuus meadowrue-Columbian monkshood-willowherb- F06 Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine(-western larch)/ falsegold groundsel -bluegrass- Scouler’s valerian- (common snowberry)(grouse whortleberry) sedges- western Jacob’s ladder-sweet scented (-kinnikinnick)/pinegrass-elk sedge-tailcup lupine- bedstraw-largeleaf avens-western dock heartleaf arnica-Scouler’s woollyweed-creeping Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta-Larix occidentalis/ oregongrape-rosy pussytoes-common yarrow(- Alnus sinuata or incana-Symphoricarpos albus/Aster scarlet paintbrush) sp.-Platanthera leucostachys-Smilacena stellata- Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta(-Larix Th alictrum sp -Aconitum columbianum-Epilobium occidentalis)/(Symphoricarpos albus)(Vaccinium sp.- Senecio pseudaureus-Poa sp.- Valeriana scoparium)(-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)/Calamagrostis scouleri- Carex spp.- Polemonium occidentale- rubescens-Carex geyeri-Lupinus caudatus-Arnica Galium trifl orum-Geum macrophyllum-Rumex cordifolia-Hieracium scouleri-Berberis repens- occidentalis. Antennaria rosea-Achillea millefolium(-Castilleja F02 Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine-western larch/ miniata) common snowberry-creeping oregongrape-birch F07 Ponderosa pine/bitterbrush(-creeping oregongrape)/ spiraea(-kinnikinnick)/pinegrass-elk sedge-heartleaf elk sedge-pinegrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-tailcup arnica-Scouler’s woollyweed-rosy pussytoes-Sierra lupine-foothill deathcamas-yampah-pussytoes-slim pea-wormleaf stonecrop-Virginia strawberry- larkspur -fall dandelion-Parry’s knotweed-babystars- Nevada peavine(-tailcup lupine) cheatgrass-California brome(-Scouler’s woollyweed) Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta-Larix occidentalis/ (-Oregon sunshine) Symphoricarpos albus-Berberis repens-Spiraea Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata(-Berberis betulifolia(-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)/Calamagrostis repens)/Carex geyeri-Calamagrostis rubescens-Poa rubescens-Carex geyeri-Arnica cordifolia-Hieracium scabrella-Lupinus caudatus-Zigadenus paniculatus scouleri-Antennaria rosea-Lathyrus nevadensis- -Perideridia sp.-Antennaria spp.-Delphinium Sedum stenopetalum-Fragaria virginiana-Lathyrus depauperatum-Leontodon autumnalis-Polygonum lanszwertii (-Lupinus caudatus) parryi-Linanthus sp. -Bromus tectorum-Bromus F03 Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine-western larch/ carinatus(-Hieracium scouleri)(-Eriophyllum common snowberry-Woods’ rose-birch spiraea(- lanatum) grouse whortleberry)(-creeping oregongrape)/Sierra F08 Lodgepole pine-ponderosa pine/(common pea-woodland strawberry-elk sedge-great northern snowberry)(-grouse whortleberry)/elk sedge- aster -northwest cinquefoil pinegrass-littlefl ower penstemon-kinnikinnick(- Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta-Larix occidentalis/ Virginia strawberry)(-Nevada peavine)(-Sierra pea) Symphoricarpos albus-Rosa woodsii-Spiraea (-Columbia puccoon)(-showy frasera )(-common betulifolia(-Vaccinium scoparium)(-Berberis yarrow)(-northwest cinquefoil) repens)/Lathyrus nevadensis-Fragaria vesca-Carex Pinus contorta-Pinus ponderosa/(Symphoricarpos geyeri-Aster modestus -Potentilla gracillis albus)(-Vaccinium scoparium)/Carex geyeri- F04 Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine/common Calamagrostis rubescens-Penstemon procerus- snowberry(-creeping oregongrape)/pinegrass-elk Arctostaphylos uva-ursi(-Fragaria virginiana) sedge-heartleaf arnica-tailcup lupine (-Lathyrus lanszwertii )(-Lathyrus nevadensis)

Appendices 139 (-Lithospermum ruderale)(-Frasera speciosa) Pinus contorta-Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos (-Achillea millefolium)(-Potentilla gracillis) albus/[Lupinus caudatus-Calamagrostis rubescens] [Calamagrostis rubescens-Aster conspicuus ] F09 Ponderosa pine/bitterbrush(-creeping oregongrape)/ elk sedge-Sandberg’s bluegrass-tailcup lupine- F14 Lodgepole pine/(common snowberry) foothill deathcamas-yampah-pussytoes-slim (grouse whortleberry)(creeping oregongrape) larkspur -fall dandelion-Parry’s knotweed-babystars- (-kinnikinnick)/pinegrass-heartleaf arnica(-common cheatgrass-California brome(-Scouler’s woollyweed) yarrow)(-tailcup lupine) (-Oregon sunshine) Pinus contorta/(Symphoricarpos albus)(Vaccinium Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata(-Berberis scoparium)(Berberis repens)(-Arctostaphylos uva- repens)/Carex geyeri-Poa scabrella-Lupinus ursi)/Calamagrostis rubescens-Arnica cordifolia(- caudatus-Zigadenus paniculatus -Perideridia Achillea millefolium)(-Lupinus caudatus) sp.-Antennaria spp.-Delphinium depauperatum- F15 Lodgepole pine-ponderosa pine-western larch/ Leontodon autumnalis-Polygonum parryi- common snowberry-creeping oregongrape(- Linanthus sp. -Bromus tectorum-Bromus kinnikinnick)/pinegrass-heartleaf arnica-pearly carinatus(-Hieracium scouleri)(-Eriophyllum pussytoes-Virginia strawberry(-tailcup lupine) lanatum) Pinus contorta-Pinus ponderosa-Larix occidentalis/ F10 Ponderosa pine/(bitterbrush)(-common Symphoricarpos albus-Berberis repens(- snowberry)(-birch spiraea)(-creeping oregongrape) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)/Calamagrostis rubescens- (-kinnikinnick)/elk sedge-tailcup lupine-Nevada Arnica cordifolia-Antennaria anaphaloides-Fragaria peavine-longleaf ﬂ eabane (-pussytoes)(-pinegrass) virginiana(-Lupinus caudatus) (-western needlegrass)(-cheatgrass)(-California brome)(-Oregon sunshine)(-Columbia puccoon) F16 Lodgepole pine-ponderosa pine-western larch(- grand/white ﬁ r)/grouse whortleberry(-common Pinus ponderosa/(Purshia tridentata) snowberry)(-creeping oregongrape)(-kinnikinnick)/ (-Symphoricarpos albus)(-Spiraea betulifolia) elk sedge-pinegrass-Sierra pea-common yarrow-rosy (-Berberis repens)(-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)/Carex pussytoes(-strawberry)(-heartleaf arnica)(-Scouler’s geyeri-Lupinus caudatus-Lathyrus lanszwertii woollyweed)(-small penstemon ) -Erigeron corymbosus(-Antennaria spp.) (-Calamagrostis rubescens)(-Stipa occidentalis Pinus contorta-Pinus ponderosa-Larix )(-Bromus tectorum)(-Bromus carinatus) occidentalis(-Abies grandis/concolor)/Vaccinium (-Eriophyllum lanatum)(-Lithospermum ruderale) scoparium(-Symphoricarpos albus)(-Berberis repens)(-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)/Carex geyeri- F11 Ponderosa pine(-lodgepole pine)(-western larch)/ Calamagrostis rubescens-Lathyrus nevadensis- (common snowberry)(bitterbrush)(wax currant)/ Achillea millefolium-Antennaria rosea(-Fragaria grasses-woodland strawberry-northwest cinquefoil- spp.)(-Arnica cordifolia)(-Hieracium scouleri) small burnet-pussytoes (-Penstemon attenuatus) Pinus ponderosa(-Pinus contorta)(-Larix F17 Lodgepole pine-western larch-ponderosa pine/ occidentalis)/(Symphoricarpos albus)(Purshia (common snowberry)(-grouse whortleberry) tridentata)(Ribes cereum)/grasses-Fragaria vesca- (-kinnikinnick)/[pinegrass-elk sedge-heartleaf Potentilla gracillis-Sanguisorba minor-Antennaria arnica-Nevada peavine-Virginia strawberry- spp. Sierra pea][pinegrass-heartleaf arnica-creeping F12 Ponderosa pine/bitterbrush(-common snowberry)/ oregongrape-pearly pussytoes-showy aster ] elk sedge-Idaho fescue-tailcup lupine-Sierra pea- [heartleaf arnica-Sierra pea-birch spiraea] common yarrow-Sandberg’s bluegrass Pinus contorta-Larix occidentalis-Pinus onderosa/ Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata(- (Symphoricarpos albus)(-Vaccinium scoparium) Symphoricarpos albus)/Carex geyeri-Festuca (-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)/[Calamagrostis idahoensis-Lupinus caudatus-Lathyrus nevadensis- rubescens-Carex geyeri-Arnica cordifolia- Achillea millefolium-Poa scabrella Lathyrus lanszwertii -Fragaria virginiana-Lathyrus nevadensis][Calamagrostis rubescens-Arnica F13 Lodgepole pine-ponderosa pine/common cordifolia-Berberis repens-Antennaria anaphaloides- snowberry/[tailcup lupine-pinegrass][pinegrass- Aster conspicuus ] [Arnica cordifolia-Lathyrus showy aster ] nevadensis-Spiraea betulifolia]

140 Bates State Park F18 Lodgepole pine(-ponderosa pine)(-western larch)/ Pseudotsuga menziesii)/Lathyrus nevadensis- common snowberry(-grouse whortleberry)/ Antennaria anaphaloides-Carex geyeri-Lupinus pinegrass-elk sedge-heartleaf arnica caudatus(-Aster modestus )(-Arnica cordifolia) at extreme NW- last 50’] Pinus contorta(-Pinus ponderosa)(-Larix occidentalis)/Symphoricarpos albus(-Vaccinium F22 Peachleaf willow-ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine- scoparium)/Calamagrostis rubescens-Carex geyeri- Englemann spruce/Kentucky bluegrass-yellow Arnica cordifolia toadfl ax-weedy grasses F19 Lodgepole pine-ponderosa pine/[channel bottom: F23 [Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine/bitterbrush- small fruited bulrush-swordleaf rush-common common snowberry (-creeping oregongrape) monkeyfl ower-bog St. John’s wort-canada (-kinnikinnick)/elk sedge-pinegrass-Sandberg’s goldenrod-Nebraska sedge-bay forget me not-fi eld bluegrass-Sierra pea-tailcup lupine(-heartleaf arnica) mint(-California false hellebore)(-pacifi c bedstraw)] (-pussytoes)(-prairie junegrass)(-California brome)] [banks: /(common snowberry)/canada goldenrod- with patches of [ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/elk northwest cinquefoil] sedge-Sandberg’s bluegrass-tailcup lupine-pussytoes- fall dandelion-Parry’s knotweed-babystars] Pinus contorta-Pinus ponderosa/[channel bottom: Scirpus microcarpus-Juncus ensifolius-Mimulus [Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta/Purshia guttatus-Hypericum anagaloides-Solidago tridentata-Symphoricarpos albus (-Berberis canadensis-Carex nebrascensis-Myosotis laxa- repens)(-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)/Carex geyeri- Mentha arvensis(-Veratrum californicum)(-Galium Calamagrostis rubescens -Poa scabrella-Lathyrus cymosum )] [banks: /(Symphoricarpos albus)/ nevadensis-Lupinuscaudatus(-Arnica cordifolia) Solidago canadensis-Potentilla gracillis] (-Antennaria spp.)(-Koeleria macrantha)(-Bromus carinatus)] with patches of [Pinus ponderosa/ F20 [Ponderosa pine/bitterbrush-creeping oregongrape- Purshia tridentata/Carex geyeri-Poa scabrella- common snowberry/elk sedge-Sandberg’s bluegrass- Lupinus caudatus-Antennaria spp.-Leontodon tailcup lupine-scabland penstemon-Nevada autumnalis-Polygonum parryi-Linanthus sp.] peavine-Scouler’s woollyweed-common yarrow- lambstongue groundsel-smallfl ower woodlandstar H01 Sedges-lowland cudweed-common teasel-Baltic -California brome-spreading groundsmoke- rush-bluegrass smallfl ower blue eyed mary] & [below top: Carex spp.-Gnaphalium palustre-Dipsacus ponderosa pine/birch spiraea/-elk sedge-Nevada fullonum-Juncus balticus-Poa sp. peavine-creeping oregongrape(-tailcup lupine)] H02 [Yellow toadfl ax-Canada goldenrod-wheatgrass- [Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata/Carex geyeri- tarweed-cheatgrass][woolly sedge][willows-golden Poa scabrella-Berberis repens-Lupinus caudatus- currant-black twinberry][woolly sedge-Oregon Symphoricarpos albus-Penstemon deustus- checkermallow-common yarrow-aster-lowland Lathyrus lanszwertii -Hieracium scouleri-Achillea cudweed-Baltic rush-meadow foxtail-fi eld millefolium-Senecio integerrimus-Lithophragma pennycress(-penstemon)(-northwest cinquefoil) parvifl orum -Bromus carinatus-Gayophytum (-canada goldenrod)(-Kentucky bluegrass) diff usum-Collinsia parvifl ora] & [below top: Pinus ponderosa/Spiraea betulifolia/-Carex geyeri- [Linaria vulgaris-Solidago canadensis-Agropyron Lathyrus lanszwertii -Berberis repens(-Lupinus sp.-Madia sp.-Bromus tectorum][Carex pellita] caudatus)] [Salix spp.-Ribes aureum-Lonicera involucrata] [Carex pellita-Sidalcea oregana-Achillea F21 [Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine-western larch/ millefolium-Aster sp.-Gnaphalium palustre-Juncus common snowberry(-grouse whortleberry) balticus-Alopecurus pratensis-Th laspi arvense(- (-creeping oregongrape)/Sierra pea-woodland Penstemon sp.)(-Potentilla gracillis)(-Solidago strawberry-elk sedge] to [ponderosa pine(-douglas- canadensis)(-Poa pratense) fi r)/Sierra pea-pearly pussytoes-elk sedge-tailcup lupine(-great northern aster )(-heartleaf arnica) at H03 (Willows)(golden currant)(Sitka or mountain extreme NW- last 50’] alder)/[short beak sedge-Nebraska sedge-woolly sedge-bay forget me not-aster-western water [Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta-Larix occidentalis/ hemlock -creeping spikerush(-canada goldenrod)] Symphoricarpos albus(-Vaccinium scoparium) [Baltic rush-Nebraska sedge][reed canarygrass] (-Berberis repens)/Lathyrus nevadensis-Fragaria vesca-Carex geyeri] to [Pinus ponderosa(-

Appendices 141 (Salix spp.)(Ribes aureum)(Alnus sinuata or spp. (-Zigadenus paniculatus -Perideridia sp.- incana)/[Carex simulata-Carex nebrascensis-Carex Navarretia intertexta-Linanthus sp. ) pellita-Myosotis laxa-Aster sp.-Cicuta douglasii- H09 Baltic rush-woolly sedge-wheatgrass-hooked Eleocharis palustris(-Solidago canadensis)][Juncus buttercup balticus-Carex nebrascensis][Phalaris arundinacea] Juncus balticus-Carex pellita-Agropyron sp.- H04 Lodgepole pine seedlings/common mullein- Ranunculus uncinatus scabland penstemon-orchardgrass-dalmatian toadfl ax-hard fescue H10 Baltic rush-meadow foxtail-fowl bluegrass- common yarrow-sedges-rattail fescue-narrowleaf Pinus contorta seedlings/Verbascum thapsus- minerslettuce -bulbous bluegrass Penstemon deustus-Dactylis glomerata-Linaria dalmatica-Festuca trachyphylla Juncus balticus-Alopecurus pratensis-Poa palustris- Achillea millefolium-Carex spp.-Vulpia bromoides- H05 Rubber rabbitbrush/scabland penstemon-weeds- Montia linearis-Poa bulbosa common yarrow-bottlebrush squirreltail-smooth horsetail-oxeye daisy-common teasel-chess- H11 [Sandberg’s bluegrass-alpine alumroot-Polytrichum wheatgrass-butterweed groundsel-curley dock- moss][pearly pussytoes-Sandberg’s bluegrass- dalmatian toadfl ax Wheeler’s bluegrass-alpine alumroot] Chrysothamnus nauseosus/Penstemon deustus- [Poa scabrella-Heuchera cylindrica-Polytrichum weeds-Achillea millefolium-Sitanion hystrix- sp. SP][Antennaria anaphaloides-Poa scabrella-Poa Equisetum laevigatum-Chrysanthemum nervosa-Heuchera cylindrica] leucanthemum-Dipsacus fullonum-Bromus H12 Formerly developed disturbed site: diverse ruderal secalinus-Agropyron sp.-Senecio serra var. serra- species Rumex crispus-Linaria dalmatica H13 Woolly sedge-meadow foxtail-tiny mousetail- H06 Wheatgrass-meadow foxtail-common mullein- popcorn fl ower-spikerush bluegrasses-canada thistle-fi ddleneck-woolly sedge- Chilean tarweed Carex pellita-Alopecurus pratensis-Myosurus minimus-Plagiobothrys sp.-Eleocharis sp. Agropyron sp.-Alopecurus pratensis-Verbascum thapsus-Poa spp.-Cirsium arvense-Amsinckia sp.- H14 Ruderal Weeds. Disturbed and weedy. Probably Carex (pellita)-Madia sativa upland. H07 [(Common snowberry)/western needlegrass- H15 Bitterbrush(-creeping oregongrape)/elk sedge- onespike oatgrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-foothill Sandberg’s bluegrass-tailcup lupine-foothill deathcamas-yampah] & [bigpod mariposa deathcamas-Bolander’s yampah-largefl ower lily-common yarrow-prairie junegrass-Oregon triteleia-Oregon checkermallow-bigpod mariposa sunshine-pussytoes-tailcup lupine] lily-pussytoes-fall dandelion-Parry’s knotweed- babystars-cheatgrass-California brome(-Scouler’s [(Symphoricarpos albus)/Stipa occidentalis woollyweed)(-Oregon sunshine) -Danthonia unispicata-Poa scabrella-Zigadenus paniculatus -Perideridia sp.] & [Calochortus Purshia tridentata(-Berberis repens)/Carex eurycarpus-Achillea millefolium-Koeleria geyeri-Poa scabrella-Lupinus caudatus-Zigadenus macrantha-Eriophyllum lanatum-Antennaria spp.- paniculatus -Perideridia bolanderi-Brodiaea Lupinus caudatus] douglasii -Sidalcea oregana-Calochortus eurycarpus- Antennaria spp.-Leontodon autumnalis-Polygonum H08 Prairie junegrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-cheatgrass- parryi-Linanthus sp. -Bromus tectorum-Bromus common yarrow-bigpod mariposa lily-spreading carinatus(-Hieracium scouleri)(-Eriophyllum groundsmoke-Oregon sunshine-Oregon lanatum) checkermallow-onespike oatgrass-longleaf fl eabane -rosy pussytoes-pussytoes (-foothill deathcamas- H16 Western needlegrass-Sandberg’s bluegrass-tailcup yampah-Great Basin navarretia-babystars) lupine-elk sedge-pinegrass-longleaf fl eabane -cheatgrass-prairie junegrass-common yarrow- Koeleria macrantha-Poa scabrella-Bromus pussytoes-bigpod mariposa lily-twin arnica tectorum-Achillea millefolium-Calochortus eurycarpus-Gayophytum diff usum-Eriophyllum lanatum-Sidalcea oregana-Danthonia unispicata- Erigeron corymbosus-Antennaria rosea-Antennaria

142 Bates State Park Stipa occidentalis -Poa scabrella-Lupinus caudatus- (Alnus sinuata or incana-Ribes aureum-Salix spp.)/ Carex geyeri-Calamagrostis rubescens-Erigeron (Symphoricarpos albus)/Agropyron sp.-Alopecurus corymbosus-Bromus tectorum-Koeleria macrantha- pratensis-Chrysanthemum leucanthemum- Achillea millefolium-Antennaria spp.-Calochortus Solidago canadensis-Verbascum thapsus-Veratrum eurycarpus-Arnica sorori californicum H17 Sandberg’s bluegrass-dwarf yellow fl eabane- H21 Peachleaf willow/woolly sedge-meadow foxtail- threadleaf sedge-yampah-parsnipfl ower buckwheat- Kentucky bluegrass-largeleaf avens-popcorn fl ower- California brome-western needlegrass-bluebunch tiny mousetail-fi eld mint-Baltic rush-small fruited wheatgrass-Oregon checkermallow-arrowleaf bulrush balsamroot-Parry’s knotweed-wormleaf stonecrop- Salix amygdaloides/Carex pellita-Alopecurus bottlebrush squirreltail(-twin arnica)(-elk sedge) pratensis-Poa pratense-Geum macrophyllum- (-bigpod mariposa lily)(-tailcup lupine) Plagiobothrys sp.-Myosurus minimus-Mentha Poa scabrella-Erigeron chrysopsidis-Carex fi lifolia- arvensis-Juncus balticus-Scirpus microcarpus Perideridia sp.-Eriogonum heracleoides-Bromus H22 (Ponderosa pine)/bitterbrush(-common carinatus-Stipa occidentalis -Agropyron spicatum- snowberry)/Idaho fescue-Sandberg’s bluegrass-elk Sidalcea oregana-Balsamorhiza sagittata-Polygonum sedge-tailcup lupine-wormleaf stonecrop-longleaf parryi-Sedum stenopetalum-Sitanion hystrix(- fl eabane -western needlegrass-babystars-spreading Arnica sororia)(-Carex geyeri)(-Calochortus groundsmoke-common yarrow eurycarpus)(-Lupinus caudatus) (Pinus ponderosa)/Purshia tridentata(- Broad fl at-topped ridge with evidence of vernal Symphoricarpos albus)/Festuca idahoensis-Poa pooling: muddy cracked areas with Navarettia, scabrella-Carex geyeri-Lupinus caudatus-Sedum Linanthus. Calochortus peters out at transition stenopetalum-Erigeron corymbosus-Stipa from poly 47, but persists along shaded edge with occidentalis -Linanthus sp. -Gayophytum diff usum- poly 49. Same with tailcup lupine. One vernal Achillea millefolium pool area has annual hairgrass. H23 Small fruited bulrush-Baltic rush-common H18 (Sitka or mountain alder)/smooth brome-canada monkeyfl ower-swordleaf rush-sedges thistle-common teasel-Kentucky bluegrass-littlefoot nemophila -northwest cinquefoil-canada goldenrod- Scirpus microcarpus-Juncus balticus-Mimulus common yarrow-fi eld pennycress-common mullein- guttatus-Juncus ensifolius-Carex spp. sedges-Baltic rush H24 [Southern beaked sedge-lakeshore sedge-Nebraska (Alnus sinuata or incana)/Bromus inermis- sedge-thick headed sedge-small fruited bulrush- Cirsium arvense-Dipsacus fullonum-Poa pratense- Great Basin navarretia-lowland cudweed-tiny Nemophila pedunculata-Potentilla gracillis-Solidago mousetail] & [common teasel-Great Basin canadensis-Achillea millefolium-Th laspi arvense- navarretia-lowland cudweed-silverleaf phacelia- Verbascum thapsus-Carex spp.-Juncus balticus wheatgrass-bottlebrush squirreltail-littlefl ower penstemon-canada thistle-common yarrow- H19 Bitterbrush(-common snowberry)/cheatgrass-dwarf sheepsorrel-cheatgrass-smooth horsetail-hairy yellow fl eabane-elk sedge-Idaho fescue-bluebunch evening primrose-yellow sweetclover-scabland wheatgrass-yampah-wormleaf stonecrop-babystars- penstemon-Oregon checkermallow] western needlegrass-common yarrow-crested wheatgrass-prairie junegrass [Carex utriculata-Carex lenticularis-Carex nebrascensis-Carex pachystachya-Scirpus Purshia tridentata(-Symphoricarpos albus)/ microcarpus-Navarretia intertexta-Gnaphalium Bromus tectorum-Erigeron chrysopsidis-Carex palustre-Myosurus minimus] & [Dipsacus geyeri-Festuca idahoensis-Agropyron spicatum- fullonum-Navarretia intertexta-Gnaphalium Perideridia sp.-Sedum stenopetalum-Linanthus sp. palustre-Phacelia hastata-Agropyron sp.-Sitanion -Stipa occidentalis -Achillea millefolium-Agropyron hystrix-Penstemon procerus-Cirsium arvense- cristatum-Koeleria macrantha Achillea millefolium-Rumex acetosella-Bromus H20 (Sitka or mountain alder-golden currant-willows)/ tectorum-Equisetum laevigatum-Oenothera villosa- (common snowberry)/wheatgrass-meadow foxtail- Melilotus offi cinale-Penstemon deustus-Sidalcea oxeye daisy-canada goldenrod-common mullein- oregana] California false hellebore

Appendices 143 H25 (Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine)/(common scarlet paintbrush-littlefl ower penstemon-Sierra snowberry)(creeping oregongrape)(wax currant) pea-rosy pussytoes-wormleaf stonecrop-common (birch spiraea)(Woods’ rose)(bitterbrush) yarrow-Oregon silene-Parry’s knotweed (black twinberry)/Kentucky bluegrass-elk (Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta)/Symphoricarpos sedge-bottlebrush squirreltail-Oregon sunshine- albus-Berberis repens(-Purshia tridentata)/ cheatgrass-smooth horsetail-Chilean tarweed- Poa scabrella-Carex geyeri-Lupinus caudatus- common yarrow-scabland penstemon-northwest Gayophytum diff usum-Hieracium scouleri- cinquefoil-bigfl ower agoseris Castilleja miniata-Penstemon procerus-Lathyrus (Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta)/(Symphoricarpos nevadensis-Antennaria rosea-Sedum stenopetalum- albus)(Berberis repens)(Ribes cereum)(Spiraea Achillea millefolium-Silene oregana-Polygonum betulifolia)(Rosa woodsii)(Purshia tridentata) parryi (Lonicera involucrata)/Poa pratense-Carex geyeri- H30 Common snowberry/northwestern sedge -western Sitanion hystrix-Eriophyllum lanatum-Bromus needlegrass-tailcup lupine-common yarrow- tectorum-Equisetum laevigatum-Madia sativa- Sandberg’s bluegrass-bottlebrush squirreltail- Achillea millefolium-Penstemon deustus-Potentilla orchardgrass-Oregon sunshine-spreading gracillis-Agoseris grandifl ora groundsmoke-penstemon H26 Cattail Symphoricarpos albus/Carex concinnoides- Typha latifolia Stipa occidentalis -Lupinus caudatus-Achillea millefolium-Poa scabrella-Sitanion hystrix-Dactylis cattail monoculture glomerata-Eriophyllum lanatum-Gayophytum H27 (Bitterbrush)/parsnipfl ower buckwheat-pussytoes- diff usum-Penstemon sp. Sandberg’s bluegrass-wormleaf stonecrop-spreading H31 [Wet meadow portion: Baltic rush-sedges-aster- groundsmoke-babystars-hairy brome-common woolly sedge-largeleaf avens(-canada thistle)] & yarrow-wallfl ower phoenicaulis-bottlebrush [shrubland: Sitka or mountain alder-yellow willow- squirreltail-dwarf yellow fl eabane-Oregon sunshine- currant/sedges-cattail-star fl owered false solomon’s onespike oatgrass-Oregon checkermallow-California seal-western meadowrue-largeleaf avens] brome [wet meadow portion: Juncus balticus-Carex spp.- (Purshia tridentata)/Eriogonum heracleoides- Aster sp.-Carex pellita-Geum macrophyllum(- Antennaria spp.-Poa scabrella-Sedum stenopetalum- Cirsium arvense)] & [shrubland: Alnus sinuata Gayophytum diff usum-Linanthus sp. -Bromus or incana-Salix lutea-Ribes sp./Carex spp.-Typha commutatus-Achillea millefolium-Phoenicaulis latifolia-Smilacena stellata-Th alictrum sp. -Geum cheiranthoides-Sitanion hystrix-Erigeron macrophyllum] chrysopsidis-Eriophyllum lanatum-Danthonia unispicata-Sidalcea oregana-Bromus carinatus H32 (Sitka or mountain alder)(yellow willow)(black twinberry)(mallow ninebark )/sedges-great northern H28 [(Bebb willow-coyote willow)/Baltic rush-southern aster -largeleaf avens-cow parsnip-fi eld horsetail- beaked sedge-short beak sedge] & [southern California false hellebore-musk monkeyfl ower- beaked sedge-short beak sedge-Nebraska sedge] Baltic rush-western meadowrue-hooked buttercup- & [Nebraska sedge-common purslane-fi eld mint- wintercress(-cattail) willowherb] & [Baltic rush-common purslane- willowherb-fi eld mint] (Alnus sinuata or incana)(Salix lutea)(Lonicera involucrata)(Physocarpus malvaceus)/Carex [(Salix bebbiana-Salix exigua)/Juncus balticus-Carex spp.-Aster modestus -Geum macrophyllum- utriculata-Carex simulata] & [Carex utriculata- Heracleum lanatum-Equisetum arvense-Veratrum Carex simulata-Carex nebrascensis] & [Carex californicum-Mimulus moschatus-Juncus balticus- nebrascensis-Portulaca oleracea-Mentha arvensis- Th alictrum sp. -Ranunculus uncinatus-Barbarea Epilobium sp.] & [Juncus balticus-Portulaca orthoceras(-Typha latifolia) oleracea-Epilobium sp.-Mentha arvensis] H33 Rubber rabbitbrush-wax currant-common H29 (Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine)/common snowberry-creeping oregongrape/scabland snowberry-creeping oregongrape(-bitterbrush)/ penstemon-silverleaf phacelia-elk sedge-bottlebrush Sandberg’s bluegrass-elk sedge-tailcup lupine- squirreltail-bromes-rattail fescue-dalmatian spreading groundsmoke-Scouler’s woollyweed- toadfl ax(-butterweed groundsel)

144 Bates State Park Chrysothamnus nauseosus-Ribes cereum- S02 Rubber rabbitbrush-bitterbrush/grasses Symphoricarpos albus-Berberis repens/Penstemon Chrysothamnus nauseosus-Purshia tridentata/ deustus-Phacelia hastata-Carex geyeri-Sitanion grasses hystrix-Bromus spp.-Vulpia bromoides-Linaria dalmatica(-Senecio serra var. serra) S03 Willows-common snowberry/woolly sedge H34 Common snowberry-bitterbrush/Sandberg’s Salix spp.-Symphoricarpos albus/Carex pellita bluegrass-bluebunch wheatgrass-cheatgrass- S04 Sitka or mountain alder-yellow willow-coyote common yarrow(-elk sedge)-tall annual willowherb- willow(-black twinberry)/short beak sedge-southern whitestem blazingstar-scabland penstemon- beaked sedge-Nebraska sedge-small fruited bulrush- bottlebrush squirreltail(-tailcup lupine)(-spreading Canada thistle-largeleaf avens-common teasel- groundsmoke)(-longleaf fl eabane )(-Columbia creeping buttercup-great northern aster -Baltic puccoon) rush-watercress-common monkeyfl ower-lesser Symphoricarpos albus-Purshia tridentata/Poa duckweed-western Jacob’s ladder-bog St. John’s scabrella-Agropyron spicatum-Bromus tectorum- wort-peppermint Achillea millefolium(-Carex geyeri)-Epilobium Alnus sinuata or incana-Salix lutea-Salix exigua(- paniculatum -Mentzelia albicaulis-Penstemon Lonicera involucrata)/Carex simulata-Carex deustus-Sitanion hystrix(-Lupinus caudatus) utriculata-Carex nebrascensis-Scirpus microcarpus- (-Gayophytum diff usum)(-Erigeron corymbosus) Cirsium arvense-Geum macrophyllum-Dipsacus (-Lithospermum ruderale) fullonum-Ranunculus repens-Aster modestus H35 [(Bebb willow-coyote willow)/Baltic rush-southern -Juncus balticus-Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum- beaked sedge-short beak sedge] & [southern Mimulus guttatus-Lemna minor-Polemonium beaked sedge-short beak sedge-Nebraska sedge] occidentale-Hypericum anagaloides-Mentha x & [Nebraska sedge-common purslane-fi eld mint- piperita willowherb] & [Baltic rush-common purslane- S05 Rubber rabbitbrush-common snowberry-creeping willowherb-fi eld mint] oregongrape/bottlebrush squirreltail-weedy grasses [(Salix bebbiana-Salix exigua)/Juncus balticus-Carex Chrysothamnus nauseosus-Symphoricarpos albus- utriculata-Carex simulata] & [Carex utriculata- Berberis repens/Sitanion hystrix-weedy grasses Carex simulata-Carex nebrascensis] & [Carex nebrascensis-Portulaca oleracea-Mentha arvensis- S06 Common snowberry-golden currant-wax currant(- Epilobium sp.] & [Juncus balticus-Portulaca birch spiraea)(-willow)/wheatgrass-canada oleracea-Epilobium sp.-Mentha arvensis] goldenrod-fi eld horsetail-sedges N Open water Symphoricarpos albus-Ribes aureum-Ribes cereum(-Spiraea betulifolia)(-Salix sp.)/Agropyron S01 (Bitterbrush-common snowberry-chokecherry)/ sp.-Solidago canadensis-Equisetum arvense-Carex Sandberg’s bluegrass-bottlebrush squirreltail- spp. cheatgrass-creeping oregongrape-tall tumblemustard(-parsnipfl ower buckwheat-elk S07 (Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine)/Sitka or mountain sedge-common yarrow-wax currant-scabland alder-willows(-black twinberry)(-birch spiraea) penstemon-birch spiraea-spreading groundsmoke- (-common snowberry)/small fruited bulrush-fi eld black twinberry-Columbia puccoon-chokecherry- horsetail-canada goldenrod-woolly sedge-Nebraska whitestem blazingstar-miner’s lettuce -slender sedge-lakeshore sedge(-bittersweet nightshade) phlox) (-western water hemlock )(-Aster sp.)(-cattail) (-creeping spikerush) (Purshia tridentata-Symphoricarpos albus-Prunus virginiana)/Poa scabrella-Sitanion hystrix-Bromus (Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta)/Alnus sinuata tectorum-Berberis repens-Sisymbrium altissimum(- or incana-Salix spp.(-Lonicera involucrata) Eriogonum heracleoides-Carex geyeri-Achillea (-Spiraea betulifolia)(-Symphoricarpos albus)/ millefolium-Ribes cereum-Penstemon deustus- Scirpus microcarpus-Equisetum arvense-Solidago Spiraea betulifolia-Gayophytum diff usum-Lonicera canadensis-Carex pellita-Carex nebrascensis-Carex involucrata-Lithospermum ruderale-Prunus lenticularis(-Solanum dulcamara)(-Cicuta douglasii) virginiana-Mentzelia albicaulis-Montia perfoliata- (-Aster sp.)(-Typha latifolia)(-Eleocharis palustris) Microsteris gracilis)

Appendices 145 S08 [North end: Sitka or mountain alder-coyote willow- albus/Juncus balticus-Cirsium arvense-Poa Bebb willow-black twinberry-common snowberry/ pratense(-Veratrum californicum)-Geum Baltic rush-bluegrasses-Canada goldenrod-largeleaf macrophyllum-Linaria vulgaris(-Saxifraga oregana)- avens(-California false hellebore)(-western Jacob’s Senecio pseudaureus-Potentilla spp.-Solidago ladder)(-small fruited bulrush)] & [Sitka or canadensis] & [Alnus sinuata or incana(-Lonicera mountain alder-coyote willow-Bebb willow-black involucrata)/Carex simulata-Carex utriculata-Carex twinberry-common snowberry/Baltic rush-canada nebrascensis-Cicuta douglasii-Saxifraga oregana- thistle-Kentucky bluegrass(-California false Polemonium occidentale-Geum macrophyllum- hellebore)-largeleaf avens-yellow toadfl ax(-Oregon Juncus ensifolius] saxifrage)-falsegold groundsel -cinquefoils-canada S10 Common snowberry-grouse whortleberry-birch goldenrod] & [Sitka or mountain alder(-black spiraea/elk sedge-Sierra pea-woodland strawberry- twinberry)/short beak sedge-southern beaked sedge- pussytoes-common yarrow-American vetch-Rocky Nebraska sedge-western water hemlock -Oregon Mountain iris-showy frasera –grasses saxifrage-western Jacob’s ladder-largeleaf avens- swordleaf rush] Symphoricarpos albus-Vaccinium scoparium- Spiraea betulifolia/Carex geyeri-Lathyrus [north end: Alnus sinuata or incana-Salix nevadensis-Fragaria vesca-Antennaria spp.-Achillea exigua-Salix bebbiana-Lonicera involucrata- millefolium-Vicia americana-Iris missouriensis- Symphoricarpos albus/Juncus balticus-Poa Frasera speciosa-grasses spp.-Solidago canadensis-Geum macrophyllum(- Veratrum californicum)(-Polemonium occidentale) V Developed/road. Sometimes very weedy. (-Scirpus microcarpus)] & [Alnus sinuata or incana- W01 [Ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine/bitterbrush- Salix exigua-Salix bebbiana-Lonicera involucrata- common snowberry/tailcup lupine-Oregon Symphoricarpos albus/Juncus balticus-Cirsium sunshine-Virginia strawberry-bottlebrush arvense-Poa pratense(-Veratrum californicum)- squirreltail] & [ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine/ Geum macrophyllum-Linaria vulgaris(-Saxifraga common snowberry/tailcup lupine-common oregana)-Senecio pseudaureus-Potentilla spp.- yarrow-Kentucky bluegrass-cheatgrass-littlefl ower Solidago canadensis] & [Alnus sinuata or incana(- penstemon] Lonicera involucrata)/Carex simulata-Carex utriculata-Carex nebrascensis-Cicuta douglasii- [Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta/Purshia Saxifraga oregana-Polemonium occidentale-Geum tridentata-Symphoricarpos albus/Lupinus caudatus- macrophyllum-Juncus ensifolius] Eriophyllum lanatum-Fragaria virginiana-Sitanion hystrix] & [Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta/ S09 [Sitka or mountain alder-coyote willow-Bebb Symphoricarpos albus/Lupinus caudatus-Achillea willow-black twinberry-common snowberry/Baltic millefolium-Poa pratense-Bromus tectorum- rush-bluegrasses-canada goldenrod-largeleaf avens(- Penstemon procerus] California false hellebore)(-western Jacob’s ladder) (-small fruited bulrush)] & [Sitka or mountain W02 Lodgepole pine/common snowberry alder-coyote willow-Bebb willow-black twinberry- Pinus contorta/Symphoricarpos albus common snowberry/Baltic rush-canada thistle- W03 [Toe of slope: ponderosa pine-lodgepole pine/ Kentucky bluegrass(-California false hellebore)- common snowberry-black twinberry/cleavers- largeleaf avens-yellow toadfl ax(-Oregon saxifrage)- canada thistle-common mullein-cheatgrass- falsegold groundsel -cinquefoils-canada goldenrod] Kentucky bluegrass] & [slope and top: ponderosa & [Sitka or mountain alder(-black twinberry)/short pine-lodgepole pine/(Bebb willow)(common beak sedge-southern beaked sedge-Nebraska sedge- snowberry)(Saskatoon serviceberry)/sheep western water hemlock -Oregon saxifrage-western fescue-Sandberg’s bluegrass-wheatgrass-common Jacob’s ladder-largeleaf avens-swordleaf rush] mullein-common yarrow-narrowleaf skullcap- [Alnus sinuata or incana-Salix exigua-Salix crested wheatgrass-chess-canada thistle(-wormleaf bebbiana-Lonicera involucrata-Symphoricarpos stonecrop)] & [ditch banks: ponderosa pine- albus/Juncus balticus-Poa spp.-Solidago canadensis- lodgepole pine/Bebb willow-common snowberry- Geum macrophyllum(-Veratrum californicum) Saskatoon serviceberry/fi eld horsetail-watercress- (-Polemonium occidentale)(-Scirpus microcarpus)] largeleaf avens-bluegrasses-willowherb-sedges-Baltic & [Alnus sinuata or incana-Salix exigua-Salix rush] bebbiana-Lonicera involucrata-Symphoricarpos

146 Bates State Park [toe of slope: Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta/ Symphoricarpos albus-Lonicera involucrata/Galium aparine-Cirsium arvense-Verbascum thapsus- Bromus tectorum-Poa pratense] & [slope and top: Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta/(Salix bebbiana) (Symphoricarpos albus)(Amelanchier alnifolia)/ Festuca ovina-Poa scabrella-Agropyron sp.- Verbascum thapsus-Achillea millefolium-Scutellaria angustifolia-Agropyron cristatum-Bromus secalinus-Cirsium arvense(-Sedum stenopetalum)] & [ditch banks: Pinus ponderosa-Pinus contorta/ Salix bebbiana-Symphoricarpos albus-Amelanchier alnifolia/Equisetum arvense-Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum-Geum macrophyllum-Poa spp.- Epilobium sp.-Carex spp.-Juncus balticus W04 Ponderosa pine/bitterbrush(-common snowberry)/ tailcup lupine-Sandberg’s bluegrass-pinegrass-elk sedge-Idaho fescue-rosy pussytoes-common yarrow- bottlebrush squirreltail-Oregon sunshine-dwarf yellow fl eabane-Oregon checkermallow-California brome-cheatgrass-yampah-wallfl ower phoenicaulis- parsnipfl ower buckwheat-wormleaf stonecrop-twin arnica-bigpod mariposa lily-ballhead sandwort- tapertip onion-prairie junegrass(-Nevada peavine) Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata(- Symphoricarpos albus)/Lupinus caudatus-Poa scabrella-Calamagrostis rubescens-Carex geyeri- Festuca idahoensis-Antennaria rosea-Achillea millefolium-Sitanion hystrix-Eriophyllum lanatum-Erigeron chrysopsidis-Sidalcea oregana- Bromus carinatus-Bromus tectorum-Perideridia sp.-Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides-Eriogonum heracleoides-Sedum stenopetalum-Arnica sororia- Calochortus eurycarpus-Arenaria congesta-Allium acuminatum-Koeleria macrantha(-Lathyrus lanszwertii ) W05 Lodgepole pine-western larch-ponderosa pine/ bitterbrush-common snowberry/pinegrass-tailcup lupine-western needlegrass-littlefl ower penstemon- common yarrow-elk sedge-rosy pussytoes- kinnikinnick-scabland penstemon Pinus contorta-Larix occidentalis-Pinus ponderosa/ Purshia tridentata-Symphoricarpos albus/ Calamagrostis rubescens-Lupinus caudatus- Stipa occidentalis -Penstemon procerus-Achillea millefolium-Carex geyeri-Antennaria rosea- Arctostaphylos uva-ursi-Penstemon deustus

Appendices 147 Appendix C: Detailed compliance approach that can meet the Habitat Resource required water quality standards. Pros: Strategies -Could contribute to more complete enhancement of habitat. Th e summary for each habitat is described Cons: in Chapter 10, Strategies for Park Resource -Could be very costly Management. -Would eliminate the last major vestige Aquatic habitat enhancement the mill. Would be opposed by the options county and some current and former residents. Pending data acquisition from current -Would eliminate the most scenic and anticipated future monitoring in the natural feature in the park. project area, exploration of aquatic habitat -Would eliminate the most popular enhancement options are speculative at recreational feature, for fi shing, this point. Th e options discussed below swimming and boating. are conceptualized and form a preliminary list for further discussion. After data has c. Connect upper Bridge Creek with been acquired a future natural resource upstream opening of fi sh ladder by management plan for the park will explore constructing an open fi sh bypass the best course of action to improve aquatic channel habitat. Pros: a. No alteration of aquatic habitat - Allows fi sh to pass from upper creek to fi sh ladder without being aff ected Pros: by pond water quality or potential -Low cost fi sh predators. Cons: - Reduces potential impact of pond -No improvement of fi sh habitat water quality on lower Bridge Creek and the river (thermal loading, b. Remove Bates Pond algal blooms, pH exceedances, etc. It is OPRD’s goal to retain Bates Pond, Cons: and to pursue other options for fi sh - May be diffi cult to construct given habitat enhancement through a natural steep slopes and low (no) gradient resource management plan. OPRD will between Bridge Creek/pond work with natural resource agencies in confl uence and fi sh ladder upper developing a potential mitigation and entry. - Reduces or eliminates water input to pond.

Appendices 151 - Any existing fi sh barrier posed by f. Convey cooler water from bottom the current design of the fi sh ladder of pond to bottom of fi sh ladder in would remain. warm seasons

d. Connect upper Bridge Creek to lower Pros: Bridge Creek by-passing pond and - Lowers water temperature in lower fi sh ladder Bridge Creek - Inexpensive if gravity feed Pros: Cons: - Allows fi sh to pass from upper to - Maintains current “fi sh passage lower Bridge Creek without being through pond issues” or eliminated aff ected by the pond or potential fi sh passage during summer months ladder impedance. - Suffi cient water quantity and - Reduces potential impact of pond quality benefi ts to Bridge Creek are water quality on lower Bridge Creek questionable without further water and the river (thermal loading, algal balance study blooms, pH exceedances, etc.). - Other water quality impacts on - May be diffi cult to construct without Bridge Creek and Middle Fork compromising dam. John Day may not be reduced (pH, Cons: nutrient loading, algal toxins) - Abandons investment in fi sh ladder - Reduces or eliminates water input to g. Increase lower Bridge Creek fl ow pond through soil before entering John Day River (i.e. infi ltration galleries, bio- e. Gravity fl ow from upper Bridge Creek swales) through a pipe to fi sh ladder base in warm seasons Pros: - Improves water quality improvements Pros: temperature, nutrients, and other - Lowers stream temperature parameters through groundwater fl ow - Could retain some fl ow for Cons: maintaining pond level - Possible mobilization of any - No outfl ow from pond during periods contaminants in soil fi ll of former of poor water quality mill site Cons: - Reduces or eliminates fi sh passage in - No fi sh passage between lower and warmer months upper segment of Bridge Creek in warm seasons

152 Bates State Park h. Establish native riparian vegetation - Habitat enhancement can be on all water bodies inside 100-foot conducted mostly within 100-foot buff er based on location of current setback alignment of the river and creeks - Stabilizes banks Cons: Pros: - Increases possible lateral movement - Improves water quality of stream or river channel that could - Provides fi sh habitat benefi ts eff ect proposed facilities - Provides habitat for amphibians, birds, mammals j. Reconnect lower Bridge Creek and - Increases diversity in site’s plant Middle Fork John Day to historical community fl oodplain - Improves site aesthetics - Does not impair pond recreation Pros: opportunities - Flood storage and water quality - Fundable with external sources and benefi ts partners - Opportunity for wetland - Potential for public involvement enhancement - Long-term lower maintenance - expand fi sh habitat than non-native plants or other Cons: development - Unknown quality of soil used to fi ll Cons: fl oodplain may limit restoration of - None fl oodplain i. Increase channel complexity, k. Increase shading of the pond through morphometry, structure, and increasing aquatic vegetation and/or dynamics of Bridge and Clear Creeks adding shading structures to portions and MF John Day River (i.e. create of the pond. eddies, high-fl ow channels, sinuosity, Pros: wetland benches, lower bank slopes, - Could improve pond habitat overall. add large boulders and, wood to - Structures could be used by create pools and riffl es) swimmers and paddlers. Pros: Cons: - Improves fi sh habitat in a cost- - Native pond species are not typically eff ective manner found in this area. Natural ponds - Fundable from external sources and are rare outside of alpine areas. partnerships

Appendices 153 - Structures would need to be managed to avoid adding carbon to the system due to wood decomposition

l. Dredge portions of the pond to increase water depth.

Pros: -Could improve habitat overall. Cons: - Can be challenging to get permit for working in waterway and completing dredging during seasons that would not aﬀ ect protected ﬁ sh.

154 Bates State Park Appendix D: Target Areas where any bank regrading might Species Lists for be done would be appropriate for aspen groves. Restoration Bates Pond Riparian Vegetation Riverine Riparian Vegetation: Target Species ‘Workhorse’ species that are of highest importance are listed fi rst and are denoted Th e following list of species provides by a bold text. Each species listed is potential dominants for the riparian areas followed by either a ‘U’ for upland, a ‘W’ around the waterway. ‘Workhorse’ species for wetted edge, or both. that are of highest importance are listed fi rst and are denoted by a bold text and a Black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. ‘*’. trichocarpa)U,W Yellow willow (Salix lutea)W Black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera Coyote willow (Salix exigua)W ssp. trichocarpa)* Bebb willow (Salix bebbiana)W Red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera)* Pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens) U Coyote willow (Salix exigua)* Elk sedge (Carex geyeri) U Bebb willow (Salix bebbiana)* Wooly sedge (Carex pellita)W Wooly sedge (Carex pellita)* Baltic rush (Juncus balticus)W Baltic rush (Juncus balticus)* Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)U Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)* Mountain alder (Alnus incana)W Mountain alder (Alnus incana)* Common snowberry Nebraska sedge (Carex nebrascensis) (Symphoricarpos albus) U,W Short-beaked sedge (Carex simulata) Birchleaf spiraea Southern beaked sedge (Carex utriculata) (Spiraea betulifolia) U,W Dagger leaf rush (Juncus ensifolius) Creeping oregongrape Soft rush (Juncus eff usus) (Berberis repens) U Black twinberry (Lonicera involucrata) Tailcup lupine (Lupinus caudatus) U Common monkeyfl ower (Mimulus Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) U,W guttatus) Red-osier dogwood Western jacob’s ladder (Polemonium (Cornus stolonifera) W occidentale) Nevada peavine (Lathyrus lanswertii) U Golden currant (Ribes aureum) Black twinberry Oregon saxifrage (Saxifraga oregana) (Lonicera involucrata) W,U Small-fruited bulrush (Scirpus microcarpus) Golden currant (Ribes aureum) W,U Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) Canada goldenrod California false hellebore (Veratrum (Solidago canadensis) W,U californicum)

Appendices 155 Upland Forest Establishment Bluebunch wheatgrass Pseudoregneria spicata/Agropyron spicatum)* Th e species palette for this area is listed Prairie junegrass below. ‘Workhorse’ species that are of (Koeleria macrantha)* highest importance are listed fi rst and are Bottlebrush squirreltail denoted by a bold text and a ‘*’. (Sitanion hystrix/Elymus elymoides)* Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)* Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)* Sandberg’s bluegrass (Poa secunda)* Western larch (Larix occidentalis)* Scabland penstemon Grand fi r (Abies grandis)* (Penstemon deustus)* Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus)* Wax currant (Ribes cereum) Elk sedge (Carex geyeri)* Onespike oatgrass Pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens)* (Danthonia unispicata) Tailcup lupine (Lupinus caudatus)* Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis) Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) Streambank wheatgrass (Elymus Grouse whortleberry (Vaccinium lanceolatus) may be of great value in scoparium) covering expanses of ground quickly, Birchleaf spiraea (Spiraea betulifolia) but its similarity to the weedy species Showy aster (Aster conspicuus) quackgrass may make management of Heartleaf arnica (Arnica cordifolia) quackgrass diffi cult. Creeping oregongrape Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) (Berberis repens/Mahonia repens) and parsnipfl ower buckwheat Dry, Disturbed Former Mill Site (Erigonum heracleoides) may be of Soils importance and aesthetic interest. Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Target community composition: might be planted occasionally for ‘Workhorse’ species that are of highest interest or on exceptionally dry and importance are listed fi rst and are denoted rocky ground by a bold text and a ‘*’. Wet, Disturbed Ground at Former Low density ponderosa pine Mill Site (Pinus ponderosa)* Low density lodgepole pine Southern beaked sedge (Pinus contorta)* (Carex utriculata) Bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata)* Woolly sedge (Carex pellita) Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus)* Lakeshore sedge (Carex lenticularis) Rubber rabbitbrush Nebrasca sedge (Carex nebrascensis) (Chrysothamnus nauseosus)* Th ick-headed sedge (Carex pachystachya)

156 Bates State Park Small-fruited bullrush (Scirpus microcarpus) Great Basin navarretia (Navarretia intertexta) Lowland cudweed (Gnaphalium palustre) Tiny mousetail (Myosurus minimus) Soft rush (Juncus eﬀ usus)

Aspen forested wetland species palette:

Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) Woolly sedge (Carex pellita) Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus)

Open Woodland

Target communities: - Ponderosa pine/bitterbrush/elk sedge - Ponderosa pine/Idaho fescue - Ponderosa pine/bluebunch wheatgrass - Ponderosa pine/elksedge - Ponderosa pine/pinegrass

Appendices 157 Appendix E: Master • Signifi cant changes in the conditions of, Plan Variations and or threats to, natural, cultural or scenic resources within or surrounding that Amendments park where a master plan amendment is needed to address the changed Once the park master plan is adopted as conditions or threats; a state rule, any development in the park must be consistent with the master plan. • Confl icts or potential confl icts between Minor variations from the adopted master park uses and neighboring land uses plan may be allowed if such variations are where a master plan amendment is determined by the OPRD Director and the needed to address the confl icts; aff ected local government to be consistent • Opportunities to establish partnerships with the master plan in accordance with to implement previously unplanned OAR 736-018-0040. Any use that is not projects that fi t the park setting; or consistent with the master plan requires • Alternatives to amending the master a master plan amendment. Master plan plan that would adequately address amendments must follow the same process needed changes, such as interagency used to adopt the master plan, which management agreements, partnerships, includes re-adoption as a state rule and a and so forth. determination of compatibility with local government comprehensive plans.

Park master plans are amended when changes in circumstances are signiﬁ cant enough to warrant plan changes. Th e OPRD Director considers the recommendations of OPRD staﬀ and outside interests in prioritizing the park master plans to be adopted or amended each biennium. Th e director’s decisions are based on considerations of various factors, such as:

• Recreation demands that aﬀ ect the park, and opportunities in the park to help meet the demands; • Th e need for signiﬁ cant changes in park uses or facilities to improve park functions;

Appendices 159 Appendix F: Historic Vegetation Models and Sources

Historic vegetation information or modeling available for Bates:

• 1881 surveyors’ notes; • An Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center (ORNHIC) interpretation of early surveyors’ notes; • Th e 2008 GAP analysis project; • Th e IMAP Potential Natural Vegetation model; • Th e Malheur National Forest Potential Natural Vegetation model; • Th e US Forest Service LANDFIRE Biophysical Settings model; and • Natural vegetation associations reported in Natural Resources Conservation Service’s NASIS soils data.

Appendices 161