Identification and Enumeration of Alexandrium Spp. from the Gulf Of
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Differentiating Two Closely Related Alexandrium Species Using Comparative Quantitative Proteomics
toxins Article Differentiating Two Closely Related Alexandrium Species Using Comparative Quantitative Proteomics Bryan John J. Subong 1,2,* , Arturo O. Lluisma 1, Rhodora V. Azanza 1 and Lilibeth A. Salvador-Reyes 1,* 1 Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines- Diliman, Velasquez Street, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; [email protected] (A.O.L.); [email protected] (R.V.A.) 2 Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.J.J.S.); [email protected] (L.A.S.-R.) Abstract: Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium tamutum are two closely related harmful algal bloom (HAB)-causing species with different toxicity. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantita- tion (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics and two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), a comprehensive characterization of the proteomes of A. minutum and A. tamutum was performed to identify the cellular and molecular underpinnings for the dissimilarity between these two species. A total of 1436 proteins and 420 protein spots were identified using iTRAQ-based proteomics and 2D-DIGE, respectively. Both methods revealed little difference (10–12%) between the proteomes of A. minutum and A. tamutum, highlighting that these organisms follow similar cellular and biological processes at the exponential stage. Toxin biosynthetic enzymes were present in both organisms. However, the gonyautoxin-producing A. minutum showed higher levels of osmotic growth proteins, Zn-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and type-I polyketide synthase compared to the non-toxic A. tamutum. Further, A. tamutum had increased S-adenosylmethionine transferase that may potentially have a negative feedback mechanism to toxin biosynthesis. -
Removal of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Tamarense (Dinophyta
Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía Vol. 50, Nº2: 347-352, agosto 2015 DOI 10.4067/S0718-19572015000300012 RESEARCH NOTE Removal of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyta, Gonyaulacales) by Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora, Lobata) in controlled experimental conditions Remoción del dinoflagelado tóxico Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyta, Gonyaulacales) por Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora, Lobata) en condiciones experimentales controladas Sergio Bolasina1,2, Hugo Benavides1,4, Nora Montoya1, José Carreto1,4, Marcelo Acha1,3,4 and Hermes Mianzan1,3,4 1Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero - INIDEP, Paseo Victoria Ocampo N°1, Escollera Norte, (7602), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 2Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé -NUPEM/UFRJ, Rua São José do Barreto 764, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. (Present address) 3Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina 4Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350 (7600) Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Abstract.- The objective of the present study is to estimate the removal capability of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora, Lobata) on cultures of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyta, Gonyaulacales). For this purpose, observations on its clearance and survival rates were made in controlled experiments, using different A. tamarense cell concentrations. Mnemiopsis leidyi is able to remove dinoflagellates actively from the water column only at the lowest density tested (150 cells mL-1). Animals exposed to 300 cells mL-1 presented negative clearance and removal rates (survival= 67%). All ctenophores exposed at the highest concentrations of toxic dinoflagellates (600 cells mL-1) died after 4 h. Removal may occur mainly by incorporating and entangling cells in the mucus strands formed by the ctenophore, and in a lesser way by ingestion. -
Assessing Allelopathic Effects of Alexandrium Fundyense on Thalassiosira SP
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 12-2012 Assessing Allelopathic Effects of Alexandrium Fundyense on Thalassiosira SP. Emily R. Lyczkowski Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Lyczkowski, Emily R., "Assessing Allelopathic Effects of Alexandrium Fundyense on Thalassiosira SP." (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1861. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/1861 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. ASSESSING ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ALEXANDRIUM FUNDYENSE ON THALASSIOSIRA SP. By Emily R. Lyczkowski B.A. Colby College, 2008 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Oceanography) The Graduate School The University of Maine December, 2012 Advisory Committee: Lee Karp-Boss, Associate Research Professor of Marine Sciences, Advisor Mary-Jane Perry, Professor of Marine Sciences David Townsend, Professor of Oceanography Mark Wells, Professor of Marine Sciences i ASSESSMENT OF ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ALEXANDRIUM FUNDYENSE ON THALASSIOSIRA SP. By Emily R. Lyczkowski Thesis Advisor: Dr. Lee Karp-Boss An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Oceanography) December, 2012 Production of allelopathic chemicals by the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense is one suggested mechanism by which this relatively slow grower outcompetes other phytoplankton, particularly diatoms. Despite well documented allelopathic potential of Alexandrium spp., the potency is variable. -
Alexandrium Fundyense and A. Catenella) Have Minimal Apparent Evects on Oyster Hemocytes
Mar Biol (2007) 152:441–447 DOI 10.1007/s00227-007-0703-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Toxic dinoXagellates (Alexandrium fundyense and A. catenella) have minimal apparent eVects on oyster hemocytes Hélène Hégaret · Gary H. Wikfors · Philippe Soudant · Christophe Lambert · Sandra E. Shumway · Jean Baptiste Bérard · Patrick Lassus Received: 1 August 2005 / Accepted: 9 April 2007 / Published online: 8 May 2007 © Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract The possible eVect of Alexandrium spp. con- in C. virginica and measured toxin accumulation in C. taining paralytic shellWsh poisoning (PSP) toxins on the gigas. The only signiWcant correlation found was between hemocytes of oysters was tested experimentally. In one toxin accumulation at one temperature and higher numbers trial, eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, were of circulating live and dead hemocytes in C. gigas. The PSP exposed to bloom concentrations of the sympatric dinoXa- toxins are known to interfere speciWcally with sodium- gellate, Alexandrium fundyense Balech, alone and in a channel function; therefore, the Wnding that the toxins had mixture with a non-toxic diatom, Thalassiosira weissXogii no eVect on measured hemocyte functions suggests that (Grun) Fryxell et Hasle. Subsequently, another experiment sodium-channel physiology is not important in these hemo- exposed PaciWc oysters, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, to a cyte functions. Finally, because oysters were exposed to the mixed suspension of the sympatric, toxic species Alexand- living algae, not puriWed toxins, there was no evidence of rium catenella (Whedon et Kofoid) Balech, with T. bioactive compounds other than PSP toxins aVecting hemo- weissXogii. Measurements of numbers of oyster hemocytes, cytes in the two species of Alexandrium studied. -
Global Transcriptional Profiling of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium
BMC Genomics BioMed Central Research article Open Access Global transcriptional profiling of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense using Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing Deana L Erdner*1 and Donald M Anderson2 Address: 1Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA and 2Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole MA 02543, USA Email: Deana L Erdner* - [email protected]; Donald M Anderson - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 25 April 2006 Received: 13 December 2005 Accepted: 25 April 2006 BMC Genomics 2006, 7:88 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-7-88 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/7/88 © 2006 Erdner and Anderson; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Dinoflagellates are one of the most important classes of marine and freshwater algae, notable both for their functional diversity and ecological significance. They occur naturally as free-living cells, as endosymbionts of marine invertebrates and are well known for their involvement in "red tides". Dinoflagellates are also notable for their unusual genome content and structure, which suggests that the organization and regulation of dinoflagellate genes may be very different from that of most eukaryotes. To investigate the content and regulation of the dinoflagellate genome, we performed a global analysis of the transcriptome of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense under nitrate- and phosphate-limited conditions using Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS). -
1 Alexandrium Fundyense Cyst Viability and Germling Survival in Light Vs
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Woods Hole Open Access Server 1 Alexandrium fundyense cyst viability and germling survival in light vs. dark at a constant low 2 temperature 3 Emil Vahtera1*, Bibiana G. Crespo1, Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr.1, Kalle Olli2 and Donald M. Anderson1 4 1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA 5 2Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu Estonia 6 7 Abstract 8 Both observations and models suggest that large-scale coastal blooms of Alexandrium fundyense in the 9 Gulf of Maine are seeded by deep-bottom cyst accumulation zones (“seed beds”) where cysts 10 germinate from the sediment surface or the overlying near-bottom nepheloid layers at water depths 11 exceeding 100 m. The germling cells and their vegetative progeny are assumed to be subject to modest 12 mortality while in complete darkness as they swim to illuminated surface waters. To test the validity of 13 this assumption we investigated in the laboratory cyst viability and the survival of the germling cells 14 and their vegetative progeny during prolonged exposure to darkness at a temperature of 6 °C, 15 simulating the conditions in deep Gulf of Maine waters. We isolated cysts from bottom sediments 16 collected in the Gulf of Maine under low red light and incubated them in 96-well tissue culture-plates 17 in culture medium under a 10:14h light: dark cycle and under complete darkness. Cyst viability was 18 high, with excystment frequency reaching 90% in the illuminated treatment after 30 days and in the 19 dark treatment after 50 days. -
The Windblown: Possible Explanations for Dinophyte DNA
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.07.242388; this version posted August 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The windblown: possible explanations for dinophyte DNA in forest soils Marc Gottschlinga, Lucas Czechb,c, Frédéric Mahéd,e, Sina Adlf, Micah Dunthorng,h,* a Department Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München, D-80638 Munich, Germany b Computational Molecular Evolution Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, D- 69118 Heidelberg, Germany c Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA d CIRAD, UMR BGPI, F-34398, Montpellier, France e BGPI, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France f Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, SK, Canada g Eukaryotic Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Universität Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany h Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universität Duisburg-Essen, D- 45141 Essen, Germany Running title: Dinophytes in soils Correspondence M. Dunthorn, Eukaryotic Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany Telephone number: +49-(0)-201-183-2453; email: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.07.242388; this version posted August 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin
Aqua-BioScience Monographs Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1–38 (2010) www.terrapub.co.jp/onlinemonographs/absm/ Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin Masaaki Kodama Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Plankton feeders such as bivalves often become toxic. Human consumption of the toxic bivalve Received on September 8, 2009 causes severe food poisoning, including paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) which is the most Accepted on October 13, 2009 dangerous because of the acuteness of the symptoms, high fatality and wide distribution throughout Published online on the world. Accumulation of PSP toxins in shellfish has posed serious problems to public health April 9, 2010 and fisheries industry. The causative organisms of PSP toxins are known to be species of dinoflagellates including those belonging to the genus Alexandrium, Gymnodinium catenatum Keywords and Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum. Bivalves accumulate PSP toxins during a bloom • paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins of these dinoflagellates. Thus, the dinoflagellate toxins have been considered as being concen- • saxitoxin trated in bivalves through food web transfer. However, field studies on the toxin level of bivalves • gonyautoxin in association with the abundance of toxic dinoflagellates could not support the idea. A kinetics • tetrodotoxin study on toxins by feeding experiments of cultured dinoflagellate cells to bivalves also showed • dinoflagellate similar results, indicating that toxin accumulation of bivalves is not caused by simple accumula- • Alexandrium tamarense tion of toxins due to food-web transfer. -
Alexandrium Monilatum in the Lower Chesapeake Bay: Sediment Cyst Distribution and Potential Health Impacts on Crassostrea Virginica
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2016 Alexandrium Monilatum in the Lower Chesapeake Bay: Sediment Cyst Distribution and Potential Health Impacts on Crassostrea Virginica Sarah Pease College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Pease, Sarah, "Alexandrium Monilatum in the Lower Chesapeake Bay: Sediment Cyst Distribution and Potential Health Impacts on Crassostrea Virginica" (2016). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1477068141. http://doi.org/10.21220/V5C30T This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alexandrium monilatum in the Lower Chesapeake Bay: Sediment Cyst Distribution and Potential Health Impacts on Crassostrea virginica ______________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science ______________ by Sarah K. D. Pease 2016 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science _________________________________ Sarah K. D. Pease Approved, by the Committee, August 2016 __________________________________ Kimberly S. Reece, Ph.D. Committee Co-Chairman/Co-Advisor __________________________________ Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Ph.D. -
Alexandrium Tamarense Species Complex”
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328938370 A practical guide to new nomenclature for species within the “Alexandrium tamarense species complex” Article · October 2018 CITATIONS READS 0 186 10 authors, including: Richard Wayne Litaker Marina Montresor National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn 159 PUBLICATIONS 4,155 CITATIONS 220 PUBLICATIONS 5,451 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Michael Brosnahan Shauna Murray Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of Technology Sydney 21 PUBLICATIONS 408 CITATIONS 233 PUBLICATIONS 2,924 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: LIFEHAB View project Ecological and evolutionary significance of seed banks for the expansion of harmful algae blooms in the Baltic Sea View project All content following this page was uploaded by Richard Wayne Litaker on 14 November 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. A practical guide to new nomenclature designation of the Group I ribotype as A. fundyense. for species within the “Alexandrium The controversy regarding the tamarense species complex” Group I designation centers on whether the cells used for the original A. catenel- la description were from Group I or IV, For several decades, the “Alexandrium ITS2 complementary base pair changes, given that populations of both species tamarense species complex” included saxitoxin production and the presence in the Pacific are known to exhibit the three morphologically defined spe- or absence of a key gene involved in classic “A. catenella” morphotype. Mo- cies, A. catenella, A. fundyense, and A. -
Horizontal Gene Transfer Is a Significant Driver of Gene Innovation in Dinoflagellates
GBE Horizontal Gene Transfer is a Significant Driver of Gene Innovation in Dinoflagellates Jennifer H. Wisecaver1,3,*, Michael L. Brosnahan2, and Jeremiah D. Hackett1 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona 2Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 3Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: November 12, 2013 Data deposition:TheAlexandrium tamarense Group IV transcriptome assembly described in this article has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/ GenBank under the accession GAIQ01000000. Abstract The dinoflagellates are an evolutionarily and ecologically important group of microbial eukaryotes. Previous work suggests that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important source of gene innovation in these organisms. However, dinoflagellate genomes are notoriously large and complex, making genomic investigation of this phenomenon impractical with currently available sequencing technology. Fortunately, de novo transcriptome sequencing and assembly provides an alternative approach for investigating HGT. We sequenced the transcriptome of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense Group IV to investigate how HGT has contributed to gene innovation in this group. Our comprehensive A. tamarense Group IV gene set was compared with those of 16 other eukaryotic genomes. Ancestral gene content reconstruction of ortholog groups shows that A. tamarense Group IV has the largest number of gene families gained (314–1,563 depending on inference method) relative to all other organisms in the analysis (0–782). Phylogenomic analysis indicates that genes horizontally acquired from bacteria are a significant proportion of this gene influx, as are genes transferred from other eukaryotes either through HGT or endosymbiosis. The dinoflagellates also display curious cases of gene loss associated with mitochondrial metabolism including the entire Complex I of oxidative phosphorylation. -
Morphological Observation of Alexandrium Tamarense (Lebour) Balech, A
Algae Volume 17(1): 11-19, 2002 Morphological Observation of Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech, A. catenella (Whedon et Kofoid) Balech and One Related Morphotype (Dinophyceae) in Korea Keun-Yong Kim*, Matoko Yoshida1, Yasuwo Fukuyo2 and Chang-Hoon Kim Department of Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea 1Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521 and 2Asian National Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan Twenty-nine culture strains belonging to the genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinophyceae) were established from water column or sediments in Korea. Seventeen isolates were identified as A. tamarense (Lebour) Balech, eight iso- lates as A. sp. cf. catenella and one as A. catenella (Whedon et Kofoid) Balech according to the presence or absence of a ventral pore, the shape of the posterior sulcal plate and the sulcal width. Three isolates were unable to be identi- fied due to considerable distortion of thecal plates and lack of enough materials, but typical of A. tamarense and/or A. catenella. The overall cell shape of A. tamarense was usually longer than wide. The posterior sulcal plate was defi- nitely longer than wide dorsoventrally, and sulcus extended posteriorly without apparent widening. They were dis- tributed in three major coasts of Korea. In contrast, the cell shape of A. sp. cf. catenella was generally anterior-posteri- orly flattened. The transversal axis of the posterior sulcal plate was always longer than the longitudinal, or both axes were nearly equal in length. Its sulcus was broader than that of A. tamarense and widened in the direction of antapex about 1.5 times.