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Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford 1 Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford Project Gutenberg's Ave Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Ave Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1 Studies from the Chronicles of Rome Author: Francis Marion Crawford Release Date: April 26, 2009 [EBook #28614] Language: English Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford 2 Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AVE ROMA IMMORTALIS, VOL. 1 *** Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Josephine Paolucci and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net. AVE ROMA IMMORTALIS STUDIES FROM THE CHRONICLES OF ROME BY FRANCIS MARION CRAWFORD IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. I New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD. 1899 All rights reserved Copyright, 1898, By The Macmillan Company. Set up and electrotyped October, 1898. Reprinted November, December, 1898. Norwood Press J. S. Cushing & Co.--Berwick & Smith Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford 3 VOLUME I PAGE THE MAKING OF THE CITY 1 THE EMPIRE 22 THE CITY OF AUGUSTUS 57 THE MIDDLE AGE 78 THE FOURTEEN REGIONS 100 REGION I MONTI 106 REGION II TREVI 155 REGION III COLONNA 190 REGION IV CAMPO MARZO 243 REGION V PONTE 274 REGION VI PARIONE 297 LIST OF PHOTOGRAVURE PLATES VOLUME I Map of Rome Frontispiece FACING PAGE The Wall of Romulus 4 Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford 4 Palace of the Cæsars 30 The Campagna and Ruins of the Claudian Aqueduct 50 Temple of Castor and Pollux 70 Basilica Constantine 90 Basilica of Saint John Lateran 114 Baths of Diocletian 140 Fountain of Trevi 158 Piazza Barberini 188 Porta San Lorenzo 214 Villa Borghese 230 Piazza del Popolo 256 Island in the Tiber 280 Palazzo Massimo alle Colonna 306 ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT VOLUME I PAGE Palatine Hill and Mouth of the Cloaca Maxima 1 Ruins of the Servian Wall 8 Etruscan Bridge at Veii 16 Tombs on the Appian Way 22 Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford 5 Brass of Tiberius, showing the Temple of Concord 24 The Tarpeian Rock 28 Caius Julius Cæsar 36 Octavius Augustus Cæsar 45 Brass of Trajan, showing the Circus Maximus 56 Brass of Antoninus Pius, in Honour of Faustina, with Reverse showing Vesta bearing the Palladium 57 Ponte Rotto, now destroyed 67 Atrium of Vesta 72 Brass of Gordian, showing the Colosseum 78 The Colosseum 87 Ruins of the Temple of Saturn 92 Brass of Gordian, showing Roman Games 99 Ruins of the Julian Basilica 100 Brass of Titus, showing the Colosseum 105 Region I Monti, Device of 106 Santa Francesca Romana 111 San Giovanni in Laterano 116 Piazza Colonna 119 Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford 6 Piazza di San Giovanni in Laterano 126 Santa Maria Maggiore 134 Porta Maggiore, supporting the Channels of the Aqueduct of Claudius and the Anio Novus 145 Interior of the Colosseum 152 Region II Trevi, Device of 155 Grand Hall of the Colonna Palace 162 Interior of the Mausoleum of Augustus 169 Forum of Trajan 171 Ruins of Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli 180 Palazzo del Quirinale 185 Region III Colonna, Device of 190 Arch of Titus 191 Twin Churches at the Entrance of the Corso 197 San Lorenzo in Lucina 204 Palazzo Doria-Pamfili 208 Palazzo di Monte Citorio 223 Palazzo di Venezia 234 Region IV Campo Marzo, Device of 248 Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford 7 Piazza di Spagna 251 Trinità de Monti 257 Villa Medici 265 Region V Ponte 274 Bridge of Sant' Angelo 285 Villa Negroni 292 Region VI Parione, Device of 297 Piazza Navona 303 Ponte Sisto 307 The Cancelleria 316 WORKS CONSULTED NOT INCLUDING CLASSIC WRITERS NOR ENCYCLOPÆDIAS 1. AMPÈRE--Histoire Romaine à Rome. AMPÈRE--L'Empire Remain à Rome. 2. BARACCONI--I Rioni di Roma. 3. BOISSIER--Promenades Archéologiques. 4. BRYCE--The Holy Roman Empire. 5. CELLINI--Memoirs. 6. COPPI--Memoire Colonnesi. Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford 8 7. FORTUNATO--Storia delle vite delle Imperatrici Romane. 8. GIBBON--Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 9. GNOLI--Vittoria Accoramboni. 10. GREGOROVIUS--Geschichte der Stadt Rom. 11. HARE--Walks in Rome. 12. JOSEPHUS--Life of. 13. LANCIANI--Ancient Rome. 14. LETI--Vita di Sisto V. 15. MURATORI--Scriptores Rerum Italicarum. MURATORI--Annali d'Italia. MURATORI--Antichità Italiane. 16. RAMSAY AND LANCIANI--A Manual of Roman Antiquities. 17. SCHNEIDER--Das Alte Rom. 18. SILVAGNI--La Corte e la Società Romana. [Illustration: PALATINE HILL AND MOUTH OF THE CLOACA MAXIMA] Ave Roma Immortalis I The story of Rome is the most splendid romance in all history. A few shepherds tend their flocks among volcanic hills, listening by day and night to the awful warnings of the subterranean voice,--born in danger, reared in peril, living their lives under perpetual menace of destruction, from Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford 9 generation to generation. Then, at last, the deep voice swells to thunder, roaring up from the earth's heart, the lightning shoots madly round the mountain top, the ground rocks, and the air is darkened with ashes. The moment has come. One man is a leader, but not all will follow him. He leads his small band swiftly down from the heights, and they drive a flock and a little herd before them, while each man carries his few belongings as best he can, and there are few women in the company. The rest would not be saved, and they perish among their huts before another day is over. Down, always downwards, march the wanderers, rough, rugged, young with the terrible youth of those days, and wise only with the wisdom of nature. Down the steep mountain they go, down over the rich, rolling land, down through the deep forests, unhewn of man, down at last to the river, where seven low hills rise out of the wide plain. One of those hills the leader chooses, rounded and grassy; there they encamp, and they dig a trench and build huts. Pales, protectress of flocks, gives her name to the Palatine Hill. Rumon, the flowing river, names the village Rome, and Rome names the leader Romulus, the Man of the River, the Man of the Village by the River; and to our own time the twenty-first of April is kept and remembered, and even now honoured, for the very day on which the shepherds began to dig their trench on the Palatine, the date of the Foundation of Rome, from which seven hundred and fifty-four years were reckoned to the birth of Christ. And the shepherds called their leader King, though his kingship was over but few men. Yet they were such men as begin history, and in the scant company there were all the seeds of empire. First the profound faith of natural mankind, unquestioning, immovable, inseparable from every daily thought and action; then fierce strength, and courage, and love of life and of possession; last, obedience to the chosen leader, in clear liberty, when one should fail, to choose another. So the Romans began to win the world, and won it in about six hundred years. By their camp-fires, by their firesides in their little huts, they told old tales of their race, and round the truth grew up romantic legend, ever dear to the fighting man and to the husbandman alike, with strange tales of their first Roma Immortalis, Vol. 1, by Francis Marion Crawford 10 leader's birth, fit for poets, and woven to stir young hearts to daring, and young hands to smiting. Truth there was under their stories, but how much of it no man can tell: how Amulius of Alba Longa slew his sons, and slew also his daughter, loved of Mars, mother of twin sons left to die in the forest, like Oedipus, father-slayers, as Oedipus was, wolf-suckled, of whom one was born to kill the other and be the first King, and be taken up to Jupiter in storm and lightning at the last. The legend of wise Numa, next, taught by Egeria; her stony image still weeps trickling tears for her royal adept, and his earthen cup, jealously guarded, was worshipped for more than a thousand years; legends of the first Arval brotherhood, dim as the story of Melchisedec, King and priest, but lasting as Rome itself. Tales of King Tullus, when the three Horatii fought for Rome against the three Curiatii, who smote for Alba and lost the day--Tullus Hostilius, grandson of that first Hostus who had fought against the Sabines; and always more legend, and more, and more, sometimes misty, sometimes clear and direct in action as a Greek tragedy. They hover upon the threshold of history, with faces of beauty or of terror, sublime, ridiculous, insignificant, some born of desperate, real deeds, many another, perhaps, first told by some black-haired shepherd mother to her wondering boys at evening, when the brazen pot simmered on the smouldering fire, and the father had not yet come home. But down beneath the legend lies the fact, in hewn stones already far in the third thousand of their years. Digging for truth, searchers have come here and there upon the first walls and gates of the Palatine village, straight, strong and deeply founded.