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TRAIL, Fas Ligand, TNF and TLR3 in Cancer, Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56805-8 310 Index

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TRAIL, Fas Ligand, TNF and TLR3 in Cancer, Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56805-8 310 Index Index A Apoptosis Acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase), 230, 231, aberrant regulation, 81–82 233, 234, 236, 240 anti-tumor assay, 135 Activation-induced cell death (AICD), CD95 antagonists, 134 144–145 cIAP-1- and cIAP-2-molecular Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 67 mechanism, 135 Acute respiratory distress syndrome clinical trials, 135 (ARDS), 139 control of, 80–81 Adoptive cell transfer (ACT), 145 cytochrome c and ATP, 134 Agonistic TRAIL-R2 antibody DR superfamily, 134 Drozitumab, 69 Krammer’s laboratory, 135 Ag-presenting cells (APCs) mitochondrion, 134 CD4+ Th cells, 132 non-apoptotic functions, 134 CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, 132 non-apoptotic signalling Lpr and gld mice, 133 pathways, 135 MHC class II molecules, 131 PI3K signalling pathway, 135 non-self-Ags, 131 signalling pathways, 134 T-cell extravasation, 132 Apoptosome, 134 T-cells, 132 Apoptotic signalling, Fas/CD95 Th subset lineages, 132 CD74, 195–196 Aliphatic amino alcohol sphingoid c-FLIP, 191, 192 backbone, 230 chemotherapy and cancer 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin anti-cancer drugs, 204–206 (17-AAG), 119 caspase-8, 207 ALPS. See Autoimmune lymphoproliferative cisplatin, 204 syndrome (ALPS) death receptors, 204 Amphipathic α helices, 257 edelfosine, 204, 207, 208 Anti-apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1), 135 death receptor, 191 Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, 80, 83, 84 FAIM, 194 Anti-apoptotic factor BclxL, 144 FAP-1, 192–193 Anti-CD95 antibodies, 67 lipid rafts (see Lipid rafts, Fas/CD95) Anti-CD95-induced ceramide, 235 nucleolin, 194–195 Anti-CD95L antibodies, 137 proteins and signalling pathways, 192 Anti-ceramide antibodies, 233 Arginine N-GlcNAcylation, 266 Anti-GRP-78 antibody, 100 Arylquin-1, 103 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 309 O. Micheau (ed.), TRAIL, Fas Ligand, TNF and TLR3 in Cancer, Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56805-8 310 Index Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome Ceramide synthases (CerS), 230, 237 (ALPS), 140, 142, 145, 188 Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), 231 Autoimmunity, 137, 144 Ceramide-enriched membrane domains, 233 Autoinflammatory, 248 c-FLIP. See Cellular FADD-like Azadeoxycytidine, 98 interleukin-1β–converting enzyme (FLICE)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) Chemosensitivity, 93 B Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), 119 B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), 255 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 68, 113 Baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR), 60 c-IAP1/2–RIPK1–NFκb signalling pathway, 143 BIR1-dependent interaction, 61 c-jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), 62 and BIR3 domains, 60 cl-CD95L-induced S1P production, 239 XIAP, 61 cl-CD95L-induced Th17 endothelial Bax multimerization, 296 transmigration, 239 B-cells, 145 Cluster of apoptotic signalling molecule-­ Bcl-2 inhibitor HA14-1, 118 enriched rafts (CASMER), Bcl-2 protein, 64–65 197–199, 208 Blastocyst, 109 CRDs. See Cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) Boyden chamber assay, 237 c-src proto-oncogene, 97 BRAF inhibitors, 80 C-terminal leucine zipper domain, 93 Brefeldin-A (BFA), 98–100, 103 C-terminal nuclear export sequence, 93 Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), 139 Cycloheximide (CHX), 295, 297, 298, 304 Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), 113 Cysteine-rich domains (CRDs), 30, 40, 42 type I transmembrane proteins, 29 type II transmembrane proteins, 28 C Cytochrome c, 80, 295 Cancer, 59 Cytokine IAPs (see Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs)) and APCs, 132 Cancer stem cells (CSCs), 111 and chemokines, 143 Carcinogenesis ectodomain, 137 and chronic inflammatory disorders, 134 IL-1β and IL-18, 143 wild-type CD95 allele, 140 MCP-1 and IL-8, 135 CASMER. See Cluster of apoptotic signalling proinflammatory, 144 molecule-enriched rafts (CASMER) sTNF-α, 136 Caspase Recruitment Domain (CARD), 62 T-cells, 132 Caspase-9-deficient Jurkat cells, 235 Cytoplasmic tail, 136 CD34+ stem cells, 113 Cytosolic cytochrome c, 66 CD4+ helper T-cells, 132 Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, 80 CD95–CD95L interaction, 140 CD95–CD95L pair, 132, 133, 139, 142, 145 CD95-DD:FADD-DD crystal structure, 141 D CD95-mediated cell apoptosis Dabrafenib, 82 ceramide and caspases, 235 Damage-associated molecular patterns in lipid rafts, 232–234 (DAMPs), 32, 33 sphingolipids, 235–239 Death induced by CD95R/L elimination Cell signalling pathways (DICE), 143 CD95 and CD95L, 141–142 Death inducing signalling complex (DISC) CD95L, 137–140 apoptosis, 202, 207 Cell therapy, 108 caspase-8 activation, 199 Cellular FADD-like interleukin-1β–converting c-FLIP, 191 enzyme (FLICE)-inhibitory protein FADD and procaspase-8, 190 (c-FLIP), 191, 194, 199, 208 visualization, lipid raft platform, 197–199 Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins Death receptors (DR), 98–101, 188–190 (cIAPs), 80, 81 ABT-737, 118 Index 311 activation of, 108 TLR3 expression anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family, 240 autocrine IFN-β, 163 anti-tumour agent, 116 monocyte-derived DC (mDC), 161 apoptotic signalling, 240 nucleotide-sensing TLRs, 162 Bortezombib, 117 phosphorylation, 163 clinical trial, 115 primary human epithelial cells, 161 cytotoxicity, 39 primary mouse β-pancreatic cells, 163 downregulation of TRAIL-R1 and RHIM, 163 TRAIL-R2, 40 signaling pathways, 162 DR4 and DR5 clusters, 240 TLR3 gene and protein, 160–161 dulanermin, 39 viral protection, 164 Fas/CD95 DR-signalling, 63 “death domain” (DD), 188 dsRNAs. See Double-stranded RNAs amino acids, 188, 189 (dsRNAs) apoptosis, 190 Dysplasias, 248 dysregulation and mutations, 190 FADD, 189 protein–protein interaction, 189 E regulatory factors, 190 E3-ubiquitin ligase, 61, 62 HSCs and ESCs, 119–120 EGF receptor (EGFR), 237 hyperthermic-isolated limb perfusion, 115 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), 266 ligand-mediated biological mechanisms, 108 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), 162 LIGHT, 115 Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), 238 mapatumumab and lexatumumab, 39 Mcl-1 and cIAP2, 119 MSC-TRAIL, 116 F PKB/Akt, 119 FADD recruitment, 142 polyethylene glycol, 39 Fanconi anaemia, 113 single-chain TRAIL (scTRAIL), 39 FAP-1. See Fas-associated phosphatase-1 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) (FAP-1) domains, 39 Fas activity, 95, 98, 99 stem cell-based treatments, 119 Fas apoptosis inhibitory molecule (FAIM), 194 sTRAIL, 116 Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), synergise with TRAIL, 117 2, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 32, 33, 64, 134, TNF, 115 136, 137, 141, 142, 189, 197, 198, tumour immune therapies, 115 201, 207, 233, 234, 237 XIAP, 118, 119 Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1), 192–193 Death- vs. motility-ISCs, 140 Fas/CD95 Death-Effector-Domain (DED), 261 ALPS, 188 Death-inducing signalling complex (DISC), 2, 7, apoptosis (see Apoptotic signalling, 8, 10, 12, 13, 95, 98–100, 108, 257, Fas/CD95) 258, 261, 265, 267, 294, 295, 305 ceramide and lipid rafts, 199–201 Dendritic cells (DC), 144 death receptor and apoptosis, 188–190 Diacylglycerol (DAG), 230 lymphocytes, 187 Dihydroceramide (dhCer), 230 non-apoptotic signalling, 190–191, 209 Dihydrosphingosine (sphinganine), 230 T cells, 188 Direct finite-time Lyapunov exponent (DLE), 300 FAS/FASL-induced apoptosis, 112 DISC. See Death-inducing signalling complex FasL- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis, 258 (DISC) FASL neutralising antibodies, 110 Disintegrin, 261 FASL/FAS system, 112 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 240 Fas palmitoylation, 265 Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), 161–163 Fas sialylation, 267 pathogens, 164 Follicular B helper T-cells, 145 self-RNAs, 164, 165 Follicular T-helper cells (TFH), 132 312 Index FTY720-based therapy, 241 Immune cells Fucosylation, 267, 268 CD95L, 143–144 Immune-deficient nude mice, 115 Importin β1, 7 G Induced MSCs (iMSCs), 120 Galactosylceramide (GalCer), 230 Inflammation, 133, 136, 137, 146, 147 Galactosylceramide synthase (GalCerS), 230 Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), 9, 10, 66–67 Galectins, 269 anti-apoptotic activity, 60 Gastric tumour xenograft mouse model, 115 baculoviruses, 59 GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase (GMDS), 267 DR-induced apoptosis, 64–66 Generalized lymphoproliferative disease (gld), DR signalling pathways, 60 133, 142 human members, 59 Germinal center rogue cells (GCrs), 145 RIPK-dependent signalling complex, 62–64 GlcCer synthesis, 235 Smac mimetics (see Smac mimetics) GlcNAcylation, 266 structure and molecular functions, 60–62 Glioblastoma model, 68 Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), 230 Glycerophospholipids, 232 J Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), 230, 237 Jurkat T cells, 235 Glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI), 239 Juxtamembrane region, 139 Glycosylation, 266, 267, 269 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), 28, 30, 40, 46 K Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) carboxyl Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus terminus, 255 (KSHV), 261 Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice), 112 Karray’s group, 144 Golgi apparatus, 230, 231 3-Ketodihydrosphingosine (3-KDS), 230 GPI. See Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Kit-ligand, 113 Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), 111 Krammer’s laboratory, 135 GRP-78, 99–101 Kupffer cell apoptosis, 112 GST-hTNFR2 fusion protein, 62 L H Lewis-Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells, 102 Haematopoiesis, 110, 114 Licochalcone A, 112 Haematopoietic cells, 120 Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex HDAC inhibition (HDACi), 119 (LUBAC), 63, 64, 169 Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), 114 Lin-Sca-l-c-kit+ progenitor cells, 110 Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC), 7, 12 Lipid rafts, Fas/CD95 Human CD95L protein (hCD95L), 138 apoptotic molecules, 208 Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), 256 CASMER, 197, 198 Human HSCs, 110 ceramide, 199–201 Human Par-4, 93 death receptors and signalling molecules, 197 definition, 188 edelfosine, 196 I FADD and procaspase-8, 197 IAP. See Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, 202–203 IAP-binding
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