Quel Est Le Plus Haut Point De Paris ?

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Quel Est Le Plus Haut Point De Paris ? Histoire POUR BRILLER EN SOCIÉTÉ (À PEU DE FRAIS)… QUEL EST LE PLUS HAUT POINT DE PARIS ? Ledébatsurlepointculminantdelacapitalen’apasfinid’alimenterlesconversations.Entrelestenantsde MontmartreetceuxduTélégraphe,lesargumentssebousculent.Toutelaquestiondépenddel’endroitprécis oùsefaitlamesure,etducaractèrepublicouprivédulieuconsidéré.S’agit-ildupiedoududômeduSacré Cœur, de la rue du Mont Cenis ou du cimetière du Calvaire ? 130,53 mètres d’altitude et, un peu en- deçà de cette hauteur, le cimetière de Belleville qui s’élève à 128,64 mètres. ans le plan local Par ailleurs, le plus haut monument de d’urbanisme de Paris, Paris est la tour Eiffel qui culmine à on peut lire que « les 324 mètres depuis sa construction qui Dpoints les plus élevés sur la voie publique, devait en faire le phare de l’Exposition sont situés à gauche de l’entrée de l’église universelle de 1889. Saint-Pierre de Montmartre, à 128,21 La tour Montparnasse, édifi ée dans les mètres et rue du Télégraphe, devant le années 1960 et qui va entamer sa mue cimetière de Belleville, à 128,16 mètres ». l’année prochaine, arrive après, avec Ce qui ne représente qu’une infi me 210 mètres. différence de 5 cm, de nature à susciter les Quant aux autres buttes parisiennes, plus vives controverses ! elles sont pour l’essentiel rive droite : Cela se complique si l’on commence à Ménilmontant (108 m), les Buttes- lire les plaques informatives et les repères Chaumont (103 m), la Butte Bergeyre de nivellement, indiquant des hauteurs (100 m), Passy (71 m), Charonne (69 m) et aussi précises que variées – et parfois Chaillot (67 m). Quelques-unes complètent contradictoires. Ainsi la plaque apposée le tableau rive gauche, de hauteur plus rue du Télégraphe indique 128,508 mètres. modeste : Montsouris (78 m), Montparnasse En revanche, si l’on considère le (66 m), la Butte-aux-Cailles (63 m) et la domaine privé, il ne fait pas de doute Montagne Sainte-Geneviève (61 m). que le sommet naturel de Paris se situe Planche de Monsieur Pencil (1831) par Rodolphe Töpffer.Wikimedia Commons à Montmartre. En fait, les deux points Le télégraphe de Claude Chappe culminants de Paris sont situés, tous les En tout état de cause, les hauteurs près de l’entrée de l’église est trop léger heure après l’événement et fait sensation. deux, à l’intérieur d’un cimetière : de la butte Montmartre et de la butte pour supporter une surélévation. En 1794, Quelques années après, Napoléon utilise le cimetière du Calvaire, jouxtant l’église Ménilmontant sont les deux points Chappe construit sa tour sur le chœur de massivement le réseau télégraphique Saint-Pierre de Montmartre à culminants de Paris. Ce n’est donc pas un l’église, dit chœur des Dames (il était pendant ses guerres européennes. hasard si Claude Chappe, l’inventeur du réservé aux religieuses de l’abbaye et Malgré ses inconvénients (transmissions télégraphe, choisit ces points suffi samment séparé par une grille de la nef paroissiale). limitées de nuit ou par mauvais temps), éloignés pour faire la première expérience Ce sémaphore reste jusqu’en 1840 sur le réseau Chappe, riche de ses 1 853 km de son invention, en 1793. le chœur de l’église de Montmartre, qui en 1805, atteint 5 000 km et relie une Le télégraphe de Montmartre a agité ses est muré et renforcé pour soutenir une trentaine de villes françaises en 1845. bras sur la Butte pendant presque 50 ans. telle charge. La première « grande » ligne Une de ses rues porte d’ailleurs le nom de télégraphique opérationnelle, son concepteur : Claude Chappe. longue de 230 km, est inaugurée en En 1792, l’abbaye royale de Montmartre 1794 entre Lille et Paris. Transmise par est dissoute. La vieille église saint Pierre, télégraphe le 30 août 1794, la nouvelle fermée au culte, est en piteux état, le de la victoire des armées révolutionnaires clocher abbatial menace de tomber en sur les Autrichiens à Condé-sur-l’Escaut ruines est détruit et le clocher paroissial, parvient aux Parisiens seulement une Le principe du télégraphe aérien LetélégraphedeChappe(outélégrapheaérien)estunmoyende communication visuel par sémaphore, sur des distances de plusieurs centaines dekilomètres.Ils’agitdetransmettreuneinformationcodée,detourentour,et delesdéchiffreràlalonguevue.UnetourdeChappeétaitconstituéed’unmât munid’unrégulateurpivotantetdedeuxbrasarticulés.Chappesembles’être inspiré d’un langage gestuel codé qu’il avait expérimenté enfant en jouant avecsesfrèresetsœurs.Chacundesbrasarticuléspeutsignifierseptpositions différentesetlabarretransversalereliantlesdeuxbraspeutavoirquatre anglesdifférents,pouruntotalde196symboles(7×7×4). Enfait,cesystèmepermetd’utiliserles26lettresdel’alphabetetles © Wikimedia Commons 10premierschiffres,demanièreàcomposertouttypedemessage. © Gallica. Illustration parue dans «Les merveilles de la science», Louis Figuier, 1868 Église et tour du télégraphe à Montmartre : dessin 4.
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