Gare D'austerlitz – Paris Rive Gauche – Smart Complex Na Skalę Metropolii

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Gare D'austerlitz – Paris Rive Gauche – Smart Complex Na Skalę Metropolii DOI: 10.4467/25438700SM.18.041.9206 JULIAN FRANTA* wg projektu Pierre-Louis Renaud będącego głównym architek- manuel Callet. In the years 1862–67 the station tem firmy Paris-Orleans. Ostatecznie przestrzeń peronowa zo- was remodelled in accordance with a design by Pierre-Louis Renaud, who was the lead architect 3 stała przykryta konstrukcją o wymiarach 52 metry szerokości of the Paris-Orleans company. The space of the na 280 metrów długości generując tym samym powierzchnię terminals was ultimately covered with a structure3 Gare d’Austerlitz – Paris Rive Gauche ponad 14500 m². Jest to druga, po hali dworcowej w Borde- with a width of 52 metres and a length of 280 me- tres, generating a surface area of 14500 m2. It is aux największa hala dworcowa we Francji. Sama struktura hali the second-largest train station hall in France af- dworcowej wykonana została w pełni w systemie ram stalo- ter the one in Bordeaux. The entirety of the struc- – Smart complex na skalę metropolii wych, wyróżnia się swoją filigranową konstrukcją i świetlikami ture of the train station hall was constructed using dachowymi ciągnącymi się przez całą jej długość doświetlając a system of steel frames, standing out through its openwork structure and its skylights that stretch Gare d’Austerlitz – Paris Rive Gauche – A Smart wnętrze i eksponując to spektakularne zadaszenie. along its entire length, illuminating the interior and Od strony północnej hali peronowej został wybudowany pa- exposing this spectacular roof covering. wilon odjazdów a od strony południowej pawilon przyjazdów A departures pavilion was built on the northern side of the terminal hall, while from the south—an a także budynek administracji kolei Orleans od strony zachod- Complex on the Scale of a Metropolis arrivals pavilion was constructed, along with the niej hali na placu Valhubert z elewacją w stylu belle-epoque. Orleans administration building from the west, W 1900 roku firma Paris-Orleans postanowiła przedłużyć linię on Valhubert Square, with a facade in the Belle Streszczenie w kierunku centrum stolicy Francji. W tym celu zbudowano Époque style. In 1900 the Paris-Orleans company Artykuł poświęcony jest procesowi przekształceń jakich doświadcza jeden z większych dworców Paryża wraz ze swoim oto- decided to extend the railway line in the direc- czeniem. To największy od czasów urbanistycznej rewolucji Haussmanna projekt przebudowy i rewitalizacji urbanistycznej nowy dworzec końcowy linii – dworzec Orsay, który został tion of the centre of France’s capital. To this end, w stolicy Francji będący przykładem tworzenia inteligentnego miasta na miarę XXI wieku. oddany do użytku z okazji Wystawy Światowej. W roku 1906 a new terminal station was built—the Gare d’Or- stacja Austerlitz została połączona z rozwijającą się siecią pa- say, which was opened for use on the occasion of the World Exhibition. In 1906 Gare d’Austerlitz was Abstract ryskiego metra4, które „przebiło” prostopadle halę dworca na connected with the developing network of Paris’ The article is devoted to the process of transformation that is experienced by one of the larger of Paris’ train stations, poziomie +1. metropolitan railway network4, which “pierced” along with its surroundings. It is the largest redevelopment and urban regeneration project in the capital of France since W 1920 roku w ramach wsparcia dla dworca Austerlitz powstał the hall perpendicularly at level +1. Haussmann’s urban-planning revolution, constituting an example of the creation of a smart city fit for the twenty-first century. dworzec pomocniczy towarowy. Zaprojektowany przez Euge- In 1920, as a part of support for the Gare d’Aus- terlitz, an ancillary cargo station was built. De- ne Freyssinet i zbudowany w latach 1927-1929 miał odciążyć Słowa kluczowe: dworzec kolejowy, kompleks hybrydowy, węzeł wielomedialny, przestrzeń publiczna, rewitalizacja urbanistyczna signed by Eugene Freyssinet and built in the years przesycony już obsługą dworzec Austerlitz. Hala Freyssinet5 Keywords: railway station, hybrid complex, multimedia hub, public space, urban redevelopment 1927–1929, it was meant to lessen the stress on ma trzy nawy z czego centralna była wyższa pozwalając na the overburdened Gare d’Austerlitz. The Halle Fre- 5 zainstalowanie dźwigu towarowego wewnątrz hali; mieściła yssinet has three bays, of which the central is the highest, enabling the installation of a cargo crane 5 torów kolejowych mierząc 310 metrów długości i 72 metry inside the space; it housed 5 railway tracks, meas- szerokości maksymalnej zwężając się w stronę południowo- uring 310 metres in length, with a maximum width Wstęp Introduction -wschodnią. Oba długie boki hali wyposażone zostały w stałe of 72 m, becoming narrower to the south-east. Both of the long sides of the hall were equipped Główne dworce kolejowe w aglomeracjach Europy to jedne Major train stations in Europe’s agglomerations are markizy pozwalające na osłonięcie strefy przeładunku towa- one of the largest generators of circulation zones of with fixed awnings, making it possible to cover the z największych generatorów stref przemieszczeń współczesnej contemporary metropolises. They are also powerful rów. Hala Freyssinet została zbudowana w momencie dużego cargo handling area. The Halle Freyssinet was built metropolii. To również potężne silniki napędowe dalszych prze- drivers of further transformations of the urban struc- wzrostu ruchu towarowego i potrzeby wsparcia przeciążo- during a period of a significant increase in cargo kształceń struktury urbanistycznej miasta1. Dworcowe struktury ture of the city1. Hybrid train station structures are nego dworca Austerlitz. Eugene Freyssinet wybrał do kon- railroad traffic and the need to aid the overbur- dened Gare d’Austerlitz. Eugene Freyssinet chose hybrydowe stają się powoli bardzo „typowym” rozwiązaniem slowly becoming a highly “typical” solution in regards strukcji strukturę o niezwykłej lekkości poprzez zastosowanie to rejuvenating the aging spaces of train stations in an extraordinarily light structure for the building odmładzającym starzejące się dworców kolejowych w metro- metropolises. An intelligently performed process of cienkich łukowych żelbetowych sklepień o grubości 7cm dla through the use of thin arched concrete vaults with poliach. Mądrze prowadzony proces przekształcania starych the transformation of old mono-functional structures wszystkich trzech naw. Cała konstrukcja wsparta została na a thickness of 7 cm for all three bays. The entire structure is supported by a grid of concrete col- monofunkcjonalnych obiektów na tętniące życiem smart hub’y into smart hubs that are teeming with life leads to the siatce słupów żelbetowych, co około 10 metrów. Całość tej fi- umns, set apart by around 10 metres from each enlivening of decayed areas in cities, often making it prowadzi do ożywiania zdegradowanych obszarów w miastach nezyjnej konstrukcji wieńczą obustronne markizy pozwalające other. The entirety of this sophisticated structure is possible for them to be active twenty-four hours per pozwalając im funkcjonować często całą dobę. Tak duży „za- crowned by awnings on both sides, making cargo day. Such a large dose of energy causes such a mul- na załadunek towarów a nadające całej hali lekkości i finezji. handling possible and giving the entire hall an air strzyk energii” powoduje, że taki multifunkcjonalny węzeł zaczy- ti-functional node to start to affect other transforma- Od początku powstania hala była wykazywana w prasie spe- of lightness and finesse. Ever since its construc- tions in its immediate vicinity, becoming a generator na wpływać na kolejne przekształcenia w najbliższym otoczeniu cjalistycznej gdzie doceniano kunszt konstrukcyjny i finezję tion, the hall has often been mentioned in special- of change in contemporary cities. stając się generatorem zmian we współczesnym mieście. architektoniczną obiektu. ist press periodicals, where its structural mastery The process of the urban regeneration of Paris’ Proces rewitalizacji paryskiego dworca Austerlitz oraz jego W 1939 roku doszło do zmiany priorytetów – dworzec Orsay and architectural finesse was often acknowledged. Gare d’Austerlitz and its surroundings can be an In 1939 a change in priorities occurred—the Gare otoczenia może być tego znakomitym przykładem. Stanowi zaczął obsługiwać tylko ruch kolejowy związany z przedmieś- excellent example of this. It constitutes an essen- d’Orsay became focused solely on the railroad on istotną część realizacji kompleksowej a rozłożonej na kilka tial part of the carrying out of a comprehensive and ciami Paryża a stacja Austerlitz ponownie stał się stacją koń- traffic associated with the suburbs of Paris, while dekad strategii włodarzy miasta wcielania w życie idei smart- several-decades-long strategy by the city’s author- cową głównych połączeń Francji aż do 1990 roku kiedy po- the Gare d’Austerlitz once again became the ter- ities of implementing the concept of the smart city -city w stosunku do Paryża i aglomeracji paryskiej. wstał dworzec Monparnasse przejmując większość połączeń minus of France’s major railway connections up in relation to Paris and its agglomeration. to as late as 1990, when the Gare d’Montparnasse 6 TGV . W latach 2004-2006 budynek administracyjny kolei, was built, taking over most TGV connections6. In Dworzec Austerlitz w strukturze XIX i XX-wiecznego Paryża The Gare d’Austerlitz in the structure of nine- znajdujący się między placem Valhubert a halą peronową zo- the years 2004–2006 the railroad administrative – historia powstania i rozwoju
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