HINDU TRIBES AND CASTES AS REPRESENTED IN BENARAS
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
M. A. SHERRING
ASIAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES NEW DELHI * CHENNAI * 2008 CONTENTS.
Page Introduction ...... -...... i—ix PART L—THE BRAHMANICAL TRIBES. CHAPTER I. The Brahman in relation to the Past, the Present, and the Future ...... 1 CHAPTER II. Genealogy of the Brahmanical Tribes, and the Classification of their Orders according to their observ- ance of the Vedic Rituals—Honorary Titles—Divisions into Clans—Six Special Duties—Religious Ceremonies of the Brahmane—The Nakshatras ...... 6
CHAPTER III. Ten Principal Brahmanical Tribes. Supplementary Tribes. The Five Gaur Tribes of Northern India. The First Tribe—Kanyakubja Brahmane. First Sub-tribe—The Kanyakubja Brahmane Proper. Gotras. Clans. Kanoujiya Brahmane of Bengal—Varendra, Rarhiya, Pashchatiya, and Daksh- inatiya ··· ... ··· ·«· ··· ·•· ··· .·· ··. ·»· 19
CHAPTER IV. The Sarjuparia or Sarwariya Brahmane. The Sawalakhî Brahmane. The Maha-Brahman, or Acharja. The Ganga-putra, or Son of the Gange«. The Gayâwâl The PryâgwâL The Ojha. The Bhanreriya ...... ·*· ...... *·· ... .*· ...... 29 CHAPTER V. The Bhûinhâr Brahman«. The Kinwars. The Bemwars. The Sakarwars. The Dunwârs. The Kast- wars. Historical Sketches of the Families of the Maharaja of Benares, the late Raja Sir Deo Narain Singh Bahadur, and Baba Futteh Narain Singh ...... 39
CHAPTER VL The Jijhotiya Brahmans. Gotras and Clans ... ·.· ...... '55
CHAPTER VII. The Sanâdhiya Brahmans. Gotras and Titles ...... 57
CHAPTER VII. The Second Tribe of Gaur Brahmans—Sâraswat. Their Antiquity. Their original Home. Four great Divisions—Panjâtî, Ashtbans, Barahî, and Bawan or Bhunjahi ...... ,„ ... 62 vi CONTENTS.
Page CHAPTER IX. The Third Tribe of Gaur Brahmans—Gaur. The Taga Brahmans. Their Origin. Sub-divisions. Clans ...... ··· 66
CHAPTER X. The Fourth Tribe of Gaur Brahmans—Maithila—Sub-divisions, Gotras. Clans ...... 71
CHAPTER XL The Fifth Tribe of Gaur Brahmans—Utkala. First Division—Superior Brahmane. Second Division- Inferior Brahmans. Third Division—First Class, Dakhin Sreny; Second Class, Jâjpûr Sreny; Third class, Panyâry Sreny; Fourth Class, Utkal Sreny 78
CHAPTER ΧΠ. The five Dravira Tribes of Central and Southern India. The Maharashtra Brahmans. Gotras. The Kahrade Brahmans. The Brahmans of Konkan. Their Gotras and Clans. Bapu Deo Shastri «· 77 CHAPTER XIII. The Second Tribe of Drâvira Brahmans—Tailanga. Its Eight Divisions ...... 91 CHAPTER XIV. The Third Tribe of Drâvira Brahmans—Drâvira. Its Ten Divisions ...... 93 CHAPTER XV. The Fourth Tribe of Drâvira Brahmans—Karnâta. List of Seventeen Principal dans. Eight Divisions ...... »·« ...... 95
CHAPTER XVI. The fifth Tribe of Drâvira Brahmans—Gurjar. Eighty-four Sub-Tribes. Clans of the Gujerâtî Brah- mans of Benares from Sîtpûr-patan. The Νagar Brahmans. Two Sub-Tribes— Bhikhshu and Mehta ...... · * ...... ^ ... 98
CHAPTER XVII. Supplementary Tribes of Brahmans. The Sukâdwîpî or Magadha Brahmans. The Mathnrâ Chaubi Brahmans. The Mâlwâ Brahmans. The Kurmâchalî Brahmane. The Naipâlî Tribes. The Kashmiri Brahmans. The Sapt-Shati Tribe. The Shenevi Brahmans. The Palashe Tribe ... 102
PART II-THE KSHATRITA OR RAJPOOT TRIBES. CHAPTER L Social Position of Rajpoots. List of the Thirty-six Royal Tribes. Rajpoot Tribes of Benares. Rajpoot Tribes of Oudh
CHAPTER Π. Gahlot or Grahilot Tribe. Sisodiya Branch. The Maharaja of Vizianagram. The Karchuliya Clan ,„ 125
CHAPTER ΙΠ.
The Tomara or Tuar, Barwar, Râthor, and Kachhwâhâ Tribes 137 CONTENTS. Vii Ρage CHAPTER IV. The Agnikulas or Fire Races. 1. The Pramara Tribe. The Dore Clan. 2. The Parihârâ Tribe. 3. The Chalukiya or Solankhi Tribe. The Baghel Tribe. The Bhâl or Bhâlâ-Sultân Tribe 145
CHAPTER V. 4.—The Chanhân Tribe. The Bhadauriya, Bachgoti, Bilkhariya, Rajwâr, Rajkumâr, Hârâ, Khîchî Bargyan, and Naikumbh Tribes ...... *, ...... 160
CHAPTER VI. The Gaur, Amethiya, Kathariya, Gaharwâr, Bundela, Kinwâr, Bijhoniya, Bijheriya, Agastwar, and Gain Tribes ...... 171
CHAPTER VII. The Chandela, Sengarh, Sakarwar, Kausik, Dangast, Kachhaura, Barhaiya, and Horiya or Horaiya Tribes . 180
CHAPTER VIII.
The Bais, Chananiya or Chanamiyan, and Garg or Gargbansî Tribes ...... „# 192
CHAPTER IX. The Gautam, Dikshit, Pachtorija, Sirnet, Durgbansî, Dhrigabansi, Raghubansî, Sri Mat Sonwan, Biuriha, and Bhathariya or Batauriya Tribes ...... 202
CHAPTER X The Hayobans, Bachalgotf, Monas, Bisen, Râjpusî, Raikwar, Sarpakhariya, Dhanis, Lathor, and Patsariya Tribes *·. ... ·*. •·· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ... 213 CHAPTER XL The Yadu or Jadubansi, Banaphar, Bhrigubansî, Baharwaliya or Barhauliya, Sûrajbansi, Chandrabansi, Sombansî, Nâgbansî, Kanpûriya, Janûtûrwâ, Sonak, Tashaiya, Sarwar or Surwâr, Ujain; Dhanawast, Chaupata Khambh, Bhanwag, Niniarwar, Nanwag, Karamwâr, Sangjal, Surhaniya, PalwAr or Pali- wâr, Singhel or Singalî, Patili, and Hardwâr Tribes 222
CHAPTER XIL The Jat and Gûjar Tribes 233
CHAPTER
The Donwar, Lautamia, Kâkan, Sukalbans, Kulhan, Mahror or Mahrawar, Rawat, Teha, Chakwâîn, Rora, Baheriya, and Khasiya Tribes ...... 238 PART IIL-MIXED CASTES AND TRIBES-VAISYAS, SuDRAS, AND OTHERS. CHAPTER I. On The Social and Political Relations of the Vaisyas and Sadras. Ceremonies among the Sudra Castes 247 Via CONTENTS.
Page CHAPTER Π, Sects of Devotees and Religious Mendicants* Gosain, Dandi, Tridandî, Jogi, Sanyâsî, Bairâgî, Sri Vaishnava, Râdhâ Vallabhî, Bhartbarî, Kanphatha, Jangam, Digambar, Sanjogrâ, Nirmali, Sukhpannî, Bâm-margî, Khâk, Baitâlî-Bbât, Sbarbhange, Sakhîbhao, Abhyâgat, Kanchâhî, Paubârî, Sbivâchârî, Bramhachârî, Sewarâ, Jatî, Akasbmukhi, Urddhbâhû, Maunîdâsî, Abadhûta, Sadhanpanti, Harischandî, Kartâbhayâ, Râmâvat, Râmanandî, Charandain, Raidâspantbî, Dâdupanthî, Udasî, Nânak-sbâbî, Kûkapanthi, Akâlî, Suthra, Aghorî, Babikatha, Kapâlî 255 CHAPTER III. Bards, Musicians, Singers, Dancers, Buffoons, &c. Bbât, Katbak, Râmjanâ, Dbârhî, Kalâvant, Mîrâsî, Gaunhârin, Bband, Pâwariya, Bhairiya, Bhagatiya, Baburûpîya • 271 CHAPTER IV. Castes of Bankers, Merchants, and Traders. Khatrî, Rai Sankta Prasad. Rora, Purwâl, Pallîwal, Unaye, and Rauniâr ... ··...... 277 CHAPTER V. Castes of Traders.—(Continued.) Àgarwâlâ 285 CHAPTER VI. Castes of Traders.—( Continued.) Oswal, Babu Siva Prasad, C.S.I., Rastogî, Agrahrî, Dhûsar, Bandarwâr, Dbânuk, Maneshwarî, .Sonî, Vishnûî, Pathel, Sri Mal, Sri Sri Mal, Sri Mal Pattan, Baranwâr, Mahobiâ, Lohiya, Jâti, Jaiswâl, Barbsenî, Bauddh-Matî, Kharelîwul, Kasarwanî, Ummar, Kasaundban, Kusbtâ, Mahru, and
Banjâra ...... # .. ... „, 289 CHAPTER VII. Small Traders. · Confectioners, Oilmen, Hawkers, Drug and Perfume-sellers, Spirit-sellers, and Grain-roasters. Halwâî, Telî, Bisatî, Gandhi, Kalwâr, Bhunja or Bhar-Bhunja ...... „. 300
CHAPTER VIII. The Writer Caste. The Kayasth or Writer Caste. Tbc Kayasths of Bengal. Babu Guru Dâs Mitra ...... 505
CHAPTER IX. Goldsmiths and Jewellers ; Artisans and Manufacturers ; Potters and Rope- makers; Braziers, Iron-smelters, & c. Sonar, Niâriya, Barbai, Kharâdî, Lohâr, Qalaigar, Sandhara or Barhîya, Lahera, Kumhar, Kamangar and Tîrgar, Hawaigar, Dabgar, Patwa or Patabra, Banbatta, Chûrîbâr, Kasera, Thathera, Bhariya,
and Odhiya 3I4 CHAPTER X. Agricultural Castes. Pawn Growers and Sellers. Kumbhî, Koeri, Kâchhî, Kukanî, Kutwâr, Bhûrtiya Mâlî, Gandrî, Kunjrâ, Rângar, Dhailphora, Barayî, and Tambolt ... 3»· CONTENTS.
Page CHAPTER XL Castes of Herdsmen, Shepherds, & c. Ahîr, Ahar, Garariya, and Rîwârî ...... ,„ ,„ ... „. 332 CHAPTER XII. Castes of Personal Attendants and Servants. Kahâr, Kanhar, Goaiyad, Dirzî, Nâû or Hajâm, Dhobî, Parwaniya, Jalwâ, or Jalâliya, Dhankar, Bargâhî, and Kamkar ...... 339 CHAPTER XIII. Castes of Weavers, Thread-spinners, Dyers, Boatmen, Salt-manufacturers, and others. Katera or Dhuniya, Kol, Tântî, Tantra, Katoh, Rangrez, Chhîpî, Mallâh, Nuniya or Luniya, Beldâr, Bhatiyârâ, Bharthî, and Pallîdâr ...... «., 345 CHAPTER XIV. Hunters and Fowlers. Baheliya or Badhak, Karoul, and Arakh ...... 352 PART IV.—ABORIGINAL TRIBES AND INFERIOR CASTES. CHAPTER I. The Bhar Tribe ..· ..· ...... ·...... 357 CHAPTER II. The Cheru, Tharû, Seorî, Kol, Kharwâr, or Kairwâr and Bawâryâ Tribes ...... 376 CHAPTER III. Gipsies, Jugglers, Rope-Dancers, Snake-Charmers, Thimble-Riggers, and Robbers. Nat, Kanjar, Madârî, Chaî, and Badhak 386 CHAPTER IV. Workers in Leather, Labourers, Servants, Workers in Cane and Palm- Leaves, Scavengers. Chamâr,Dosâdh,Dharkâr,MihtarorBhangî 391 CHAPTER V. Village Watchmen, Poulterers, Burners of the Dead. Pâsî, Khatik, Dom, Acharj - ... 398 CHAPTER VI. Inferior Castes Living Chiefly on the Borders of Towns and Villages, or in the Jungle. Dhangar, Bari, Ved, Dhanukh Aheliva or Aheriva ...... - .. 403