QUIT 2 The American Colonies Emerge
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINE
SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas
SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown
SECTION 3 Puritan New England
MAP GRAPH SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies
VISUAL SUMMARY HOME 2 The American Colonies Emerge
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
To understand the reasons for the European colonization of the Americas, as well as how the original 13 English colonies took hold in what is now the United States HOME 2 The American Colonies Emerge I N T E R A C T W I T H H I S T O R Y
It is 1607. You are a colonist about to arrive in the land that England has claimed for itself and named Virginia. Although little is known about this place, you look forward to a life of adventure and prosperity. When you arrive, you are met by Native Americans who ask you why you have come to their land. How can a land be shared by two different peoples?
Examine the Issues • As a colonist, how does the presence of another people change your expectations? • What obligations does a colonist have to natives who already inhabit the land? HOME 2 The American Colonies Emerge TIME LINE
The Americas The World
1517 Martin Luther begins the Protestant Reformation. 1521 Hernándo Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire. 1534 Parliament declares Henry VIII head of the English church.
1540 Coronado explores the American southwest.
1575 Spanish settlers establish Saint Augustine, Florida. 1585 English colonists establish a colony at Roanoke Island. 1588 England defeats the Spanish Armada.
1607 John Smith and other colonists establish Jamestown. continued . . . HOME 2 The American Colonies Emerge TIME LINE
The Americas The World
1618 The Thirty Years War between Catholics and Protestants begins in central Europe. 1620 English “Pilgrims” found Plymouth Colony.
1630 English Puritans found the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1649 Oliver Cromwell establishes the Puritan Commonwealth in England.
1660 The English monarchy is restored with the accession of Charles II.
1664 England takes New Amsterdam from the Dutch.
1681 William Penn receives charter for Pennsylvania. HOME 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas
KEY IDEA Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish conquered Central and portions of North America.
OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT HOME 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, Spanish language, religion, and the Spanish conquered Central and architecture continue to influence portions of North America. the Americas.
TERMS & NAMES
• conquistador • mestizo • Juan Ponce de León • New Spain • Popé • Hernándo Cortés • encomienda • New Mexico
ASSESSMENT HOME 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas
ASSESSMENT
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List four events related to the fact that Spain established a profitable empire in the Americas.
Spaniards Cortés conquers established the the Aztec. encomienda system. Spain established a profitable empire in
Spain took gold the Americas. Many natives died and silver from from disease. Mexico.
continued . . . HOME 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas
ASSESSMENT
2. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? “The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs, which led to the creation of Mexico, was neither a triumph nor a defeat.” Think About: • the actions of the conquistadors • the effects of disease on the native peoples • the encomienda system • the mestizo population in Mexico today
ANSWER Agree: Mexico today has a large mestizo population, reflecting mixed Spanish and native heritage. Disagree: As a result of the conquest, native people were depleted by disease and subjugated under a harsh labor system. They had little choice but to submit to Spanish influence. continued . . . HOME 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas
ASSESSMENT
3. State three main ideas about the Spaniards’ exploration and settlement north of Mexico and their interaction with Native Americans there.
ANSWER
• Early Spanish explorers failed to find much gold north of Mexico, so settlement was limited to far-flung missions and defensive outposts. • Spanish missionaries provided Native Americans with material goods, education, and protection but sometimes abused them and suppressed their culture. • Some Native Americans converted to Christianity, but others resisted violently. continued . . . HOME 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas
ASSESSMENT
4. What can you infer from the fact that approximately 17,000 Native Americans from all over New Mexico took part in Popé’s rebellion?
ANSWER
The Native Americans were well organized. The Spanish priests had alienated a large number of Native Americans during the previous decades.
End of Section 1 HOME 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown
KEY IDEA The first permanent English settlement in North America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.
OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT HOME 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The first permanent English English colonies in Virginia settlement in North America developed into the present was founded at Jamestown, states of the southern United Virginia, in 1607. States.
TERMS & NAMES
• headright system • John Smith • joint-stock companies • royal colony • Jamestown • indentured servant • Nathaniel Bacon • Powhatan
ASSESSMENT HOME 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown
ASSESSMENT
1. List the major developments in the colonization of Virginia.
Event Two Event Four Event Six Event Eight 1609 1618 1622 1675 Starving time Headright Chief Fighting erupts began. system Opechancanough between settlers introduced. led raids on and Native settlers. Americans.
Event One Event Three Event Five Event Seven Event Nine 1607 1612 1619 1624 1676 Jamestown John Rolfe First Africans James I made Bacon’s founded. developed new arrived in Virginia as slaves; House Virginia a royal Rebellion strain of of Burgesses first colony. occurs. tobacco. met. continued . . . HOME 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown
ASSESSMENT
2. The success of tobacco farming in Virginia had wide- ranging effects. Describe its impact on each of these groups: the Jamestown colonists, indentured servants, the Powhatan, the planters. Think About: • the headright system and indentured servitude • the colonists’ need for more land • the conflict between rich and poor colonists
ANSWER • For Jamestown colonists, tobacco revived a failing colony. • For indentured servants, tobacco provided the possibility for work and new life but limited long-term prospects. • For the Powhatan, tobacco required much land, and its success led to colonial expansion, which Powhatan attacks did not deter. Planters gained most of tobacco wealth. continued . . HOME 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown
ASSESSMENT
3. The following lines appear in Michael Drayton’s 1606 poem, “To the Virginian Voyage”: “ When as the luscious smell of that delicious land Above the sea that flows The clear wind throws, Your hearts to swell” What do these lines tell you about the expectations many colonists had before they arrived in Virginia?
ANSWER
The poem suggests an idealized land, where rich harvests provided a “delicious” smell, the wind is “clear,” and invigorating but not oppressive, and where hopes and dreams are possible. End of Section 2 HOME 3 Puritan New England
KEY IDEA English Puritans came to North America, beginning in 1620.
OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT HOME 3 Puritan New England OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
English Puritans came to The United States continues North America, beginning in to use an expanded form of 1620. representative government begun by the Puritans.
TERMS & NAMES
• John Winthrop • Metacom • Massachusetts Bay Colony • Plymouth Colony • Separatist • Anne Hutchinson • Roger Williams • Puritans • King Philip’s War • Pequot War ASSESSMENT HOME 3 Puritan New England
ASSESSMENT
1. Identify the effects of each of the causes listed in the chart below. Cause Effect Persecution of Puritans in England Puritan immigration to New England Puritan belief in hard work Rapid growth and success of Massachusetts Bay Williams’s dissenting beliefs Founding of Rhode Island based on his principles Rapid colonial expansion in New England Conflict with Native Americans Defeat of King Phillip End of Native American power in Southeastern New England continued . . . HOME 3 Puritan New England
ASSESSMENT
2. Why do you think Puritan leaders viewed Anne Hutchinson as a threat to their society? Think About: • Puritan beliefs • characteristics of Puritan society • Hutchinson’s teachings
ANSWER Puritans believed that their way of worship was the only way, that their leaders carried out God’s will, and that society needed to be tightly knit and behavior strictly controlled. Puritan leaders may have felt especially threatened by Hutchinson’s views because she was a woman and the church and society were male-dominated. continued . . . HOME 3 Puritan New England
ASSESSMENT
3. What were the immediate effects of King Philip’s War for Native Americans and for the settlers?
ANSWER
Immediate effects included high casualties among colonists and the end of Native American military power in southeastern New England.
End of Section 3 MAP GRAPH HOME 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies
KEY IDEA The Dutch settle New Netherland. English Quakers, led by William Penn, settle in Pennsylvania.
OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT MAP GRAPH HOME 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Dutch settle New Netherland; The principles of tolerance and English Quakers, led by William equality promoted in the Quaker Penn, settle Pennsylvania. settlement remain fundamental values in America.
TERMS & NAMES
• William Penn • Quakers • New Netherland • proprietor
ASSESSMENT MAP GRAPH HOME 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies
ASSESSMENT
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare the colonies of New Netherland and Pennsylvania.
New Netherland only Founded by the Dutch, built on fur trade
Both Attracted colonists from many ethnic groups, practiced religious toleration, became a proprietary colony, established good relations with Native Americans
Pennsylvania only Shaped by Quaker ideals, avoided a land-owning aristocracy continued . . . MAP GRAPH HOME 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies
ASSESSMENT
2. Why was Ogelthorpe’s prohibition of slavery reversed?
ANSWER
Oglethorpe’s prohibition was reversed because the colony was not attracting settlers.
continued . . . MAP GRAPH HOME 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies
ASSESSMENT
3. Both New Netherland and Pennsylvania encouraged settlers to come from all over western Europe. Do you think this was a good decision for these colonies? Why or why not?
ANSWER
Yes: Both colonies prospered, and they both practiced religious toleration. No: The Dutch were unable to hold New Netherland, and the Quakers—on whose principles the “holy experiment” was founded—soon became a minority. continued . . . MAP GRAPH HOME 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies
ASSESSMENT
4. How did William Penn succeed in achieving his goals for Pennsylvania, and how did he fail? Think About: • Penn’s actions toward Native Americans • Penn’s plans for representative government and freedom of religion • Quakers who owned slaves
ANSWER
Penn established freedom of religion and a representative assembly, practiced religious tolerance, and maintained peace between colonists and Native Americans for 50 years. Penn did not profit financially, Quakers became a minority, and slavery was introduced. End of Section 4