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Fulltext (3.918Mb) SAMURAI KERTAS KARYA Dikerjakan O L E H ROSA FEBRIYANTI BR PERANGIN-ANGIN NIM: 172203034 PROGRAM STUDI D-III BAHASA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Segala Puji Syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Kuasa yang telah melimpahkan berkat kasih karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Kertas Karya yang berjudul “SAMURAI” guna untuk melengkapi syarat untuk mencapai gelar Ahli Madya pada Universitas Sumatera Utara. Penulis menyadari bahwa Kertas Karya ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Tetapi, berkat dukungan dan bantuan dari beberapa pihak, maka penulis berhasil menyelesaikan Kertas Karya ini. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah member dukungan dan bantuan, terutama kepada : 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Ibu Dr. Diah Sayafitri Handayani, M.Litt selaku Ketua Program Studi D-III Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara dan dosen pembimbing yang telah banyak meluangkan waktu dan memberikan bimbingan dan pengarahan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini. 3. Bapak Zulnaidi, S.S M.Hum selaku sekretaris Program Studi D-III Bahasa Jepang yang telah memberikan pengarahan, kritik dan saran yang berguna dalam menyelesaikan kertas karya ini. 4. Kepada seluruh Dosen dan Staf pengajar Program Studi D-III Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 5. Teristimewa kepada kedua orang tua penulis ayahanda O.Perangin- angin dan ibu D.hutagalung serta saudara Apriandi Perangin-angin yang telah memberikan dukungan baik dalam doa maupun dana kepada i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini. 6. Untuk teman-teman HINODE angkatan 2017 yang bersama-sama belajar selama 3 tahun yang sudah banyak memberikan dukungan dan semangat kepada penulis. 7. Kepada teman terkasih saudara Reuben Septian Simatupang S.Kom yang telah memberikan dukungan dan semangat serta tenaga dalam menyelesaikan Kertas Karya ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa masih banyak kekurangan dalam kertas karya ini, sehingga kritik dan saran diharapkan penulis yang dapat membangun. Akhir kata, penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih. Semoga kertas karya ini dapat bermanfaat bagi semua orang dikemudian hari. Medan, September 2020 Penulis Rosa Febriyanti Perangin-angin NIM: 172203034 ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ i DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... iii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Alasan Pemilihan Judul ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 Tujuan Penulisan ................................................................................................ 2 1.3Pembatasan Masalah ........................................................................................... 2 1.4 Metode Penulisan ............................................................................................... 3 BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM 2.1 Etimologi Samurai ............................................................................................. 4 2.2 Sejarah Samurai ................................................................................................. 5 2.3 Para Samurai Terkenal ....................................................................................... 9 BAB III KODE ETIK SAMURAI DAN SENJATA SAMURAI 3.1 Kode Etik Golongan Samurai (Bushido) ......................................................... 19 3.2 Senjata Samurai ................................................................................................ 26 BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 4.1 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................... 29 4.2 Saran ................................................................................................................. 30 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN ABSTRAK iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Alasan Pemilihan Judul Jepang merupakan Negara yang memiliki banyak kisah sejarahnya. Saat berbicara tentang negara matahari terbit ini tak lengkap jika tak menyinggung tentang samurai. Samurai merupakan salah satu Prajurit kebanggaan negara Jepang. Kisah dari samurai juga sering diwujudkan menjadi sebuah film yang sangat digemari banyak orang. Prajurit samurai merupakan kasta sosial tertinggi di Jepang atau disebut juga perwira militer kelas elit pada masa praindustri di Jepang. Mereka terkenal karena keterampilan pertempurannya yang menakutkan. Selama berabad-abad samurai menjadi sosok kuat dan akhirnya menjadi “prajurit bangsawan” di Jepang, yang membentuk kelas penguasa dari sekitar abad ke 12 sampai abad ke 19. Pengaruh kelas samurai dalam masyarakat Jepang tak terlepas dari lamanya kekuasaan melalui pemerintahan militer selama ratusan tahun. Di antara gabungan panglima perang, samurai merupakan yang paling hebat. Prajurit samurai bekerja untuk para majikanya atau tuan tanah yang disebut daimyo, sedangkan samurai yang tak memiliki tuan disebut ronin. Setiap masing-masing samurai memiliki kode etik yang disebut bushido.Seorang samurai wajib melaksanakan kode etik tersebut dalam aspek kehidupannya. Jika samurai 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA tersebut melanggar maka ia akan kehilangan tuanya. Samurai begitu membawa dampak positif bagi negara Jepang hal ini terlihat dari 7 kode etik samurai yang diwariskan kepada generasi di Jepang. Berdasarkan penjelasan dan keterangan diatas, maka dari itu penulis tertarik untuk membahasnya melalui kertas karya yang berjudul “SAMURAI” 1.2 Tujuan Penulisan Tujuan penulisan karya tulis ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1. untuk mengetahui asal usul kata samurai 2. untuk mengetahui sejarah samurai 3. untuk mengetahui senjata yang digunakan para samurai 4. untuk mengetahui cerita mengenai para samurai yang terkenal 5. untuk mengetahui kode etik golongan samurai (Bushido) 1.3 Pembatasan Masalah Dalam penulisan kertas karya ini, penulis memfokuskan penulisan mengenai etimologi samurai yang merupakan arti dari kata samurai tersebut lalu dilanjutkan dengan sejarah samurai, selanjutnya membahas tentang kisah para samurai yang terkenal. Lalu dipembahasan selanjutnya membahas tentang kode etik golongan samurai (bushido) dan terakhir senjata yang digunakan samurai. 2 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.4 Metode Penulisan Dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini penulis menggunakanmetode kepustakaan yaitu mengumpulkan data dan informasi melalui beberapa sumber seperti buku, majalah, website dan lain sebagainya yang dicantumkan sumbernya pada bagian daftar pustaka. 3 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM 2.1 Etimologi Samurai Dalam bahasa Jepang kata samurai disebut sebagai bushi atau buke. Ada pun Sebutan ini diperuntukkan untuk kaum bangsawan militer pada abad pertengahan dan awal- modern Jepang. Di Tiongkok kata samurai memiliki arti yaitu menunggu atau menemani seseorang di jajaran masyarakat, dan ini juga sebenarnya merupakan istilah asli dalam bahasa Jepangyaitu kata kerja saburau dan kata benda saburai. Di kedua Negara ini menyebutkan istilah ini yang artinya “mereka yang melayani hadir dekat dengan kaum bangsawan” lalu sebutannya berganti menjadi samurai. Pada awal zaman modern, khususnya pada era Azuchi Momoyama dan awal zaman edo yaitu akhir abad ke 16 dan awal abad ke 17 perkataan saburai berganti menjadi samurai. Kata ini digunakan saat zaman dahulu untuk menyebutkan pelayan pribadi. Kemungkinan hal ini dikaitkan dengan jiwa setia dari sang samurai kepada tuannya sendiri. Kata samurai lalu berkembang dan memiliki arti prajurit bersenjata yang mengabdi kepada kaum bangsawana. Menurut sumber lain menyatakan bahwa, samurai dikatakan sebagai mono-no-fu atau bushi yang secara harafiah berarti lelaki yang berurusan dengan benda, yang merupakan kata lain dari senjata. Samurai menjalani kehidupannya dengan konsep bushido atau disebut juga “jalan samurai”. Bushido merupakan ajaran kehormatan dan kebebasan dari 4 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ketakutan akan kematian. Saat bertarung para samurai tidak merasakan ketakutan bahkan rela mati demi mempertahakan kehormatanya sebagai seorang samurai. Bahkan mereka rela membunuh dirinya sendiri, karena dianggap akan lebih terhormat daripada menyerahkan diri kepada musuh. Cara bunuh diri ini dikenal dengan sebutan seppuku. Istilah seppuku dikenal sebagai hara-kiri. Pada akhir abad ke 12, samurai menjadi identik dengan bushi, dan kata ini berkaitan dengan ksatria kelas menengah dan atas. Dan samurai yang tidak berkaitan dengan klan atau bekerja untuk majikan atau disebut juga daimyo disebut ronin. Dalam periode ini cukup banyak kubu-kubu kerajaan yang dipimpin oleh shogun atau jenderal, kubu-kubu ini disebut juga klan yang memiliki lambing yang berbeda yang menandakan pasukan dari kubu tersebut. 2.2 Sejarah Samurai Samurai merupakan golongan bangsawan militer Jepang, dan mereka mengalami masa kejayaan pada zaman Pertempuran atau periode perang antarnegri atau dalam bahasa jepang disebut “sengoku jidai”. Periode ini berlangsung pada kurun waktu 1550-1600, berkisar antara runtuhnya keshogunan Tokugawa. Seseorang yang tak termasuk golongan keturunan samurai masih berpeluang menjadi samurai, hal ini terjadi sampai pertengahan zaman sengoku. Hal ini dapat terjadi jika ia ikut serta dalam
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