<全文>Japan Review : No.34
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<全文>Japan review : No.34 journal or Japan review : Journal of the International publication title Research Center for Japanese Studies volume 34 year 2019-12 URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1368/00007405/ 2019 PRINT EDITION: ISSN 0915-0986 ONLINE EDITION: ISSN 2434-3129 34 NUMBER 34 2019 JAPAN REVIEWJAPAN japan review J OURNAL OF CONTENTS THE I NTERNATIONAL Gerald GROEMER A Retiree’s Chat (Shin’ya meidan): The Recollections of the.\ǀND3RHW+H]XWVX7ǀVDNX R. Keller KIMBROUGH Pushing Filial Piety: The Twenty-Four Filial ExemplarsDQGDQ2VDND3XEOLVKHU¶V³%HQH¿FLDO%RRNVIRU:RPHQ´ R. 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Please note that the contents of Japan Review may not be used or reproduced without the written permis- sion of the Editor, except for short quotations in scholarly publications in which quoted material is duly attributed to the author(s) and Japan Review. Japan Review Number 34, December 2019 Published by the International Research Center for Japanese Studies 3-2 Goryo Oeyama-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 610-1192, Japan Tel. 075-335-2210 Fax 075-335-2043 Print edition: ISSN 0915-0986 Online edition: ISSN 2434-3129 japan review Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies Number 34 2019 About the Journal Japan Review is a refereed journal published annually by the International Research Center for Japanese Studies since 1990. Japan Review solicits outstanding manuscripts relating to Japan. It also publishes shorter research notes and review articles, as well as annotated translations of important texts. The Editor is interested in receiving proposals for special issues. Submission to Japan Review is open to all those engaged in the study of the Japanese past and present. Manuscripts under consideration for publication are refereed anonymously by scholars whose opinions are solicited by the Editor. Nichibunken, in accordance with the “Operating Guidelines,” digitalizes the full text of articles, book reviews and other items published in Japan Review. All Japan Review content—manuscripts and book reviews—is accessible online via the journal’s website (https://nichibun.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository _opensearch&index_id=165), and on JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/). Editor John Breen International Research Center for Japanese Studies Editorial Board Ushimura Kei International Research Center for Japanese Studies Hosokawa Shūhei International Research Center for Japanese Studies Kusunoki Ayako International Research Center for Japanese Studies Shiraishi Eri International Research Center for Japanese Studies International Advisory Board Alexander Bennett Kansai University, Japan Torquil Duthie University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.A. Karen Gerhart University of Pittsburgh, U.S.A. Harald Fuess University of Heidelberg, Germany Suk Jung Han Dong-A University, Republic of Korea Barbara Hartley University of Tasmania, Australia Rotem Kowner University of Haifa, Israel Hans Martin KrÄmer University of Heidelberg, Germany Louella Matsunaga Oxford Brookes University, U.K. Elisabetta Porcu University of Cape Town, South Africa Gaye Rowley Waseda University, Japan Matthew Stavros University of Sydney, Australia Jan Sýkora Charles University, Czech Republic Sarah Thal University of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S.A. Xiao-Jie Yang University of Calgary, Canada JAPAN REVIEW Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies Number 34 2019 CONTENTS 5 Gerald GROEMER A Retiree’s Chat (Shin’ya meidan): The Recollections of the Kyōka Poet Hezutsu Tōsaku 43 R. Keller KIMBROUGH Pushing Filial Piety: The Twenty-Four Filial Exemplars and an Osaka Publisher’s “Beneficial Books for Women” 69 R. Keller KIMBROUGH Translation: The Twenty-Four Filial Exemplars 95 MIURA Takashi The Filial Piety Mountain: Kanno Hachirō and The Three Teachings 113 Ruselle MEADE Juvenile Science and the Japanese Nation: Shōnen’en and the Cultivation of Scientific Subjects 139 ISSE Yōko Revisiting Tsuda Sōkichi in Postwar Japan: “Misunderstandings” and the Historical Facts of the Kiki 161 Matthew LARKING Death and the Prospects of Unification: Nihonga’s Postwar Rapprochements with Yōga 191 Chun Wa CHAN Fracturing Realities: Staging Buddhist Art in Domon Ken’s Photobook Murōji (1954) 209 BOOK REVIEWS Japan’s Postwar Military and Civil Society: Contesting a Better Life, by Tomoyuki Sasaki Reviewed by Guy ALMOG Clans and Religion in Ancient Japan: The Mythology of Mt. Miwa, by Masanobu Suzuki Reviewed by Anna ANDREEVA Mediated by Gifts: Politics and Society in Japan, 1350–1850, edited by Martha Chaiklin Reviewed by Karen M. GERHART The History of Japanese Psychology: Global Perspectives, 1875–1950, by Brian J. McVeigh Reviewed by Helena JASKOV The Uses of Literature in Modern Japan: Histories and Cultures of the Book, by Sari Kawana Reviewed by Andrew T. KAMEI-DYCHE The End of Japanese Cinema: Industrial Genres, National Times, and Media Ecologies, by Alexander Zahlten Reviewed by Lauri KITSNIK Land, Power, and the Sacred: The Estate System in Medieval Japan, edited by Janet R. Goodwin and Joan R. Piggott Reviewed by Jason MORGAN Unbinding The Pillow Book: The Many Lives of a Japanese Classic, by Gergana Ivanova Reviewed by Gouranga Charan PRADHAN An Anthropology of the Machine: Tokyo’s Commuter Train Network, by Michael Fisch Reviewed by Anthony ROBINS Portraits of Edo and Early Modern Japan: The Shogun’s Capital inZuihitsu Writings, 1657–1855, translated and edited by Gerald Groemer Reviewed by Timon SCREECH The Rise and Fall of Modern Japanese Literature, by John Whittier Treat Reviewed by Roy STARRS Japanese Gardens and Landscapes, 1650–1950, by Wybe Kuitert Reviewed by Christian TAGSOLD 243 CONTRIBUTORS Japan Review 34 (2019): 5–42 A Retiree’s Chat (Shin’ya meidan): The Recollections of the Kyōka Poet Hezutsu Tōsaku Gerald GROEMER In the late 1780s, the renowned kyōka poet Hezutsu Tōsaku (1726–1789) looked back at his life and set about notating some of his memorable experiences and the characteristics of his age. The result was a presumably unfinished zuihitsu entitled Shin’ya meidan (A Retiree’s Chat). In this piece Tōsaku presents sixteen anecdotes and opinions regarding, among other things, famous writers, poets, thinkers, and artists of the past, renowned kabuki actors, connoisseurs and courtesans in Yoshiwara, rural poets and authors, personal friends, astute monks, conditions in Ezo (Hokkaido), and the benefits of city life. This wealth of subjects supplies not just a rare glimpse into the biography of a late-eighteenth century comic poet but also an unusually personal account of cultural life in Edo. Keywords: Hezutsu Tōsaku, kyōka, Edo, kabuki, Yoshiwara, Ise, Ezo (Hokkaido) Introduction A Retiree’s Chat (Shin’ya meidan 莘野茗談) was written by Hezutsu Tōsaku 平秩東作 (given name: Tatematsu Kaneyuki 立松懐之, 1726–1789; see figure 1), a celebrated Edo man of letters best known for his kyōka 狂歌, humorous, parodic, or “wild” verse cast in a thirty- one-syllable tanka form.1 The term shin’ya (Ch. shenye) in the title refers to the field that Yi Yin 伊尹, a “wise minister” at the start of the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1050 BC), cultivated after retiring; meidan signifies casual talk over tea.2 The compound thus signifies chat arising from a relaxed, productive retirement. In fact, Tōsaku had become a lay monk in An’ei 安永 8 (1779), and A Retiree’s Chat appears to have been written in installments up to roughly a year preceding his death. A Retiree’s Chat constitutes an example of a zuihitsu 随筆, a genre of fragmentary prose cultivated in both China and Japan, and flourishing with particular vigor during the Edo 1 For English-language discussions and translations of kyōka, see Carter 1991, pp. 413–16 (two of Tōsaku’s verses are translated on pp. 413–14); Shirane 2002, pp. 528–32 (two of Tōsaku’s verses are translated on p. 531); Tanaka 2006; Gill 2009 (two of Tōsaku’s verses are translated on pp. 165, 192). The four ideographs “Hezutsu Tōsaku” are taken from the Chinese classic Shujing 書経 (Book of documents), "Yao dian" (Canon of Yao). Legge translates them “to adjust and arrange the labours of the spring” (Legge 1879, p. 33). 2 See Legge 1895, p. 362; Mengzi (Wang Zhang I), section 7. 5 Gerald GROEMER Figure 1. Hezutsu Tōsaku, with his monkish shaven pate, glasses dangling from the ear, and a kitten in his lapel. From Azumaburi kyōka bunko 吾妻曲狂歌文庫, illustrated by Kitao Masanobu 北尾政演 (Santō Kyōden 山東京伝), Tenmei 天明 6 (1786). period. In most zuihitsu the sections or paragraphs stand in no direct or obvious relation to one another, even if chronological or thematic organization may at times be detected. Tōsaku’s piece, too, consists of sixteen short, largely independent segments offering observations, recollections, insights, and judgments regarding a variety of subjects.3 These fragments, some of which are highly autobiographical in nature, are apparently presented in