Revista Digital De La Asociación Sancho De Beurko

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Revista Digital De La Asociación Sancho De Beurko Saibigain Revista digital de la Asociación Sancho de Beurko Biografías de los vascos de Nevada que formaron parte de las Fuerzas Armadas estadounidenses en la Segunda Guerra Mundial Guillermo Tabernilla ISSN: 2530-0245 Asociación Sancho de Beurko Elkartea – Saibigain nº 2 – Otoño 2016 1 SAIBIGAIN Revista digital de la Asociación Sancho de Beurko La redacción de Saibigain publicará, principalmente, artículos sobre el Frente Norte durante la Guerra Civil Española, fortificaciones y los vascos en la Segunda Guerra Mundial en lo relativo a Historia, Memoria y Patrimonio. Todos los artículos que aparecen publicados en esta revista se pueden leer, descargar, imprimir, copiar y distribuir gratuitamente citando su procedencia. Las opiniones de los autores no son necesariamente las de la Asociación Sancho de Beurko. Nº 2, otoño de 2016 SUMARIO: BASQUES OF NEVADA IN WW2 (1941-1945). Biografías de los vascos de Nevada en las Fuerzas Armadas de los EEUU durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial Guillermo Tabernilla Presentación.................................................................................................... 3 Introducción.................................................................................................... 6 Tabla por condados y tipo de servicio.......................................................... 13 Listados por tipo de servicio.......................................................................... 13 Biografías U.S. Army / Ejército.................................................................... 17 Biografías U.S. Army Air Forces / Fuerzas Aéreas..................................... 78 Biografías U.S. Navy / Armada..................................................................... 103 Biografías U.S. Marine Corps / Cuerpo de Marines................................... 118 Otras biografías y anexo fotográfico............................................................ 123 Edición: Octubre de 2016 Copyright: Asociación Sancho de Beurko Elkartea Internet: www.fightingbasques.net – www.cinturondehierro.net Edita: Asociación Sancho de Beurko Elkartea Apartado 30, 48510 Trapagaran (Bizkaia) [email protected] Diseño: Raúl Lozano Otero ISSN: 2530-0245 Imagen de cubierta, collage con fotografías de Edward Barrenchea, Joe Gabica, Frank Solaegui, Martin Arbonies y Carolyn Merchant, Joe “Dudley” Echeverria, Ramón Arrizabalaga, John Etchemendy, Peter Ignacio Echeverria, Louis P. Bengochea, William Etchemendy, Pablo Arenaz, Mitch Cobeaga y Julián Aramburu. ISSN: 2530-0245 Asociación Sancho de Beurko Elkartea – Saibigain nº 2 – Otoño 2016 2 Presentación A pesar de lo que pueda parecer, la memoria, ese concepto que ha pasado de lo individual a lo colectivo como un fenómeno de cohesión social, no es algo propio de los últimos años, sino que empezó en Europa después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, siendo muy conocido el caso francés con el mito resistencialista gaulliano y la construcción de una memoria nacional dirigida por el propio estado1. En los últimos años ha irrumpido con fuerza la del Shoá u Holocausto judío. Con ello sólo queremos decir que la construcción de la memoria es una constante que se da en todas las sociedades y está sujeta a la propia coyuntura social y política. En España, tras casi 40 años de dictadura, se perdió la posibilidad de entrevistar a la generación de la guerra y el exilio y todo se resumió en algunos decretos de indemnizaciones a presos y mandos del Ejército de la República durante los gobiernos de Felipe González, lo que parecía acallar muchas conciencias pero no resolvía el problema de los miles de fusilados enterrados en fosas comunes y de los silencios impuestos por una cierta “amnesia” social. Empero, el nacimiento hace pocos años de lo que se ha dado en llamar movimiento memorialístico promovió un cambio y puso el problema en las agendas de todos los partidos políticos, teniendo su reflejo en la Ley de Memoria Histórica de 2006, muy criticada por las propias asociaciones memorialísticas. Un colectivo que, a pesar de ser muy heterogéneo y disperso geográficamente2, aun conserva la capacidad de remover conciencias gracias a la transmisión oral intergeneraciones3. Memoria oculta en lo más profundo de una sociedad cada vez más distanciada de lo público y en cierto modo adormecida. Ese distanciamiento de la sociedad tiene que ver sin duda con el desconocimiento de la historia más reciente, pero también cabe preguntarse si no hay otros motivos para que se de ese desarraigo. Durante años la historiografía no sólo minusvaloró la historia militar, sino también la historia oral (al fin y al cabo, los legajos y papeles no dan nunca una mala contestación ni un desaire) y de este modo todo el trabajo de investigación se basaba en los documentos de archivo, que normalmente se interpretaban sin saber muy bien el contexto de producción de los mismos, perdiéndose la posibilidad de humanizarlos y comprenderlos, a pesar de que muchos de aquellos hombres y mujeres aún permanecían entre nosotros. En cambio, hubo personas que si se lanzaron a realizar entrevistas con mucha voluntad y alma de periodistas, como si fuesen a “contrastar las fuentes” de las historias que habían oído desde la 1 Francisco Erice Sebares: Guerras de la memoria y fantasmas del pasado. Usos y abusos de la memoria colectiva, Eikasia, Oviedo, 2009, p. 313. 2 Juan Enrique Serrano Moreno: “Los movimientos de la Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica en la Región de Murcia” en Congreso AECPA (Málaga, 2009). 3 La web www.memoriadacoruna.com llegó a registrar 200.000 visitas de 2008 al 2010. ISSN: 2530-0245 Asociación Sancho de Beurko Elkartea – Saibigain nº 2 – Otoño 2016 3 infancia o vivido personalmente, y esa era toda su ventaja. Aunque careciesen de metodología de trabajo (¡Qué importaba!), ellos buscaron a los protagonistas de la Guerra Civil en sus casas, incluso en el exilio, y aportaron testimonios y materiales de todo tipo que hoy se nos antojan imprescindibles para poder escribir estas historias personales y construir nuestra propia identidad4. El problema de la gestión gubernamental de la memoria -por otra parte, necesaria- es ocultar la parte que no interesa o manipularla directamente, lo que llevaría a un tipo de revisionismo muy parecido al que sostiene Antonio Bernat cuando habla de “una reconstrucción histórica, no siempre fundamentada, con la pretensión de crear adeptos y de proporcionar un imaginario de afirmación de identidad”5. Pero este revisionismo que Bernat llama identitario no es exclusivo de los “nacionalismos periféricos” como afirma, sino que su carácter es, en cambio, absolutamente gubernamental (su principal requisito para poder ser dirigido) y no precisa de ensayos ni de informes de encargo redactados apresuradamente y como consecuencia incompletos, pues se ha demostrado que también la desmemoria vale para construir identidades colectivas de modo dirigido, como sucedió en España cuando no se reconocieron los sacrificios de toda aquella generación a consecuencia de un pacto de silencio gestado durante la Transición. Ello provocó, a nuestro modo de ver, que las familias, y con ellas la propia sociedad, se terminasen desvinculando de la memoria, un vacío por el que se acabó colando el revisionismo del tipo que sea. Siempre teniendo en cuenta que lo peyorativo no está en el propio término, ya que revisar la historia es legítimo y necesario, sino en la manipulación. La memoria es demasiado frágil y no puede ser garantía de nada, y menos evitar ningún “intento de manipulación de los hechos del pasado”6, sino que se convierte en la primera víctima de intereses políticos. Es una grave responsabilidad a la que no se le pueden poner paños calientes. Y ahí es donde llegamos a la Intrahistoria, un concepto tan indefinido como el de la Memoria Histórica, pero que como él entronca directamente con “la oralidad y las historias de la vida”, que diría María Dolores Pérez Murillo7. La memoria que subyace en el seno de las familias, o historia oral si se quiere. En la Asociación Sancho de Beurko creemos que 4 En el ámbito vasco debemos hacer referencia a Luis Ruiz de Aguirre “Sancho de Beurko” y a Carlos Blasco de Olatxea, cuyos fondos están en el Archivo Histórico de Euskadi, y también a Vicente Talón, cuyos fondos se encuentran en la Fundación Sancho el Sabio de Vitoria. 5 Antonio Bernat Montesinos: “Estrategias de revisionismo histórico y pedagogía del odio” en Anuario de pedagogía nº 9 (2007), pp. 47-102. 6 Ibídem. Nos sorprende la afirmación de Bernat de que “La memoria de los testigos contribuye al pleno conocimiento del sentido histórico y, en el actual contexto de hegemonía de los revisionismos históricos y de crisis ideológica y educativa, equivale a una garantía para evitar precisamente los intentos de manipulación de los hechos delpasado realizados con finalidad más política que científica”. 7 Doctora en Historia de América de la Universidad de Cádiz, también pertenece al departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea, de América y del Arte y al grupo de investigación de intrahistoria, oralidad y cultura en América Latina y Andalucía (http://www.red-redial.net/investigador-perez,murillo,maria,dolores- 477.html ). Véase también https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrahistoria ISSN: 2530-0245 Asociación Sancho de Beurko Elkartea – Saibigain nº 2 – Otoño 2016 4 recuperar los materiales que necesitamos para componer nuestra historia, la de todos, nos cohesionará como sociedad en torno a una memoria que implique a todos los ciudadanos como sujetos activos y que sea ajena a intereses coyunturales, principalmente
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