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A RHETORICAL APPROACH to CULTURAL LITERACIES ACROSS MEDIA Randy Nichols Clemson University, [email protected]

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A RHETORICAL APPROACH to CULTURAL LITERACIES ACROSS MEDIA Randy Nichols Clemson University, Randyn@Clemson.Edu Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 8-2011 A RHETORICAL APPROACH TO CULTURAL LITERACIES ACROSS MEDIA Randy Nichols Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Part of the Rhetoric and Composition Commons Recommended Citation Nichols, Randy, "A RHETORICAL APPROACH TO CULTURAL LITERACIES ACROSS MEDIA" (2011). All Dissertations. 759. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/759 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A RHETORICAL APPROACH TO CULTURAL LITERACIES ACROSS MEDIA A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Rhetorics, Communication and Information Design by Randy D. Nichols August 2011 Accepted by: Tharon Howard, Committee Chair Cynthia Haynes Constancio Nakuma Clifton S.M. Egan ABSTRACT A Rhetorical Approach to Cultural Literacies Across Media finds exigency in the challenges presented to students and teachers by the growing emphasis on globalization, and by the increasing demands for literacy in new media. My research develops a theoretical model for a rhetorical reading of cultural ―texts‖ in the context of cross-cultural learning experiences. This model is built on the metaphor of ―stolons,‖ those botanical strands that serve to propagate plants across wide areas into a single woven organism, i.e., a lawn. Approaching ―culture‖ as a complex organic system of a multiplicity of sources, this model of literacies evaluates the cultural functions of texts across several impulses, namely through: muthos – stories, legends, histories; nomos – naming, labels, categorization; ethnos – self-identification of a societal group; techne – the artistic and industrial production of a group; and archon – the acts and artifacts ―on display.‖ This work focuses on the cultural composition, instantiation, reification and resistance that take place in various media from speech to performance acts to digital media. By means of a tropological analysis of cultural narratology across these various media, this ―stoloniferous‖ model will serve as a tool for students and instructors to critically engage the interconnected web of cultural texts, and as a tool to express that engagement via multimodal compositions: writing, visual rhetoric, blogging, video and more. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It has been a pleasure to work with what may very well be history‘s greatest doctoral committee. Tharon Howard, Cynthia Haynes, Constancio Nakuma and Clifton Egan have been a collective source of instruction, inspiration and encouragement throughout this research project. Dr. Haynes provoked me towards fresh approaches to rhetoric at work in multimodal compositions and digital environments. Dr. Nakuma‘s discussions aided me in situating my research in broader philosophical and cultural contexts. ―Chip‖ Egan introduced me to Performance Theory as a new way of seeing live performance as cultural artifact. And, aside from the countless instances of providing resources, discussing methodologies, and giving feedback – my chair, Dr. Howard, made available to me with manifold opportunities for hands-on application of theory. Dr. Howard facilitated my work in usability studies, course construction, human subjects studies, cooperative work across university agencies, and multimedia authoring. I acknowledge the contributions of the entire faculty of the Rhetorics, Communication and Information Design doctoral program; their contributions are too numerous to mention. Program director, Dr. Victor J. Vitanza, has instilled an impulsive emphasis towards ―rhetorical invention‖ in the RCID psyche. It is this impulse from which the ―stolons theory‖ springs. This dissertation is not ABOUT rhetorical invention. It IS rhetorical invention enacted. All my RCID colleagues formed an extended family of collegial support, iii but I am particularly indebted to those with whom I shared the entire four years of the RCID experience: Dr. Josh Abboud, Dr. Wu Dan, Dr. Sergio Figueiredo, Dr. Alicia Hatter, and Dr. Josephine Walwema. These colleagues have become dear friends to me. I am also indebted to my family and friends for their support during my doctoral studies. I particularly appreciate my wife, Karen, and my daughters, Bethany and Jennifer, for their encouragement and inspiration in this undertaking. They were my anchor in the ―real world,‖ and a reprieve from the demands of the research project. And, though the gesture has been culturally remediated by athletes and entertainers, I want to thank God. I acknowledge the place of faith in my life as inseparable from intellectual, social, and professional pursuits. Though I came to faith in Christ through non-traditional avenues, I owe a debt to the tradition of Christian intellectualism laid before me by believing thinkers such as Aquinas, Pascal, Donne, Barth, Kierkegaard, Chesterton, Lewis, Planck, Ong, Schaeffer, and countless others. These examples, and the teachings of Christ, encourage me to embrace the academic profession as a calling to do good. iv CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................ ix Chapter 1 “It‟s a Small World After All”: Globalization, New Media and the Reason for this Work ........................................................... 12 A Scenario and Some Challenges ............................................................................. 13 The Globalization Challenge & The Incredible Shrinking World ........................ 13 The New Media Challenge & The Incredible Shrinking World ........................... 15 ―We‘re Not in Kansas Anymore‖: The New Digital World ................................... 18 ―We‘re Not in Kansas Anymore‖: The New Globalized World ............................ 20 ―We‘re Not in Kansas Anymore‖: New Literacies for New Realities .................. 22 Chapter 2 Culture Club: The Chameleonic Nature of the T(r)opic .... 24 No, not THAT Culture: The Narrowness of ―High Culture‖ Approach .............. 24 Yes, THAT Culture (sorta): A Broader Approach to Meaning-Making .............. 27 And actually, THIS Culture: Beyond the Topic to the Tropics ............................ 28 Cultural Literacy and the Battle of the Books ........................................................ 30 Hirsch: The Shot Heard ‗round the (Modern) World ....................................... 30 Murray: The University Strikes Back .................................................................. 31 Provenzo: Nothing is Settled, and That‘s That................................................... 32 Is It Culture Yet? The Cultivating of Culture ...................................................... 33 Signs and Wonders: Semiotics and Rhetoric in Culture Formation ............... 35 The Dominant Culture as Agents of Culture Formation .................................. 38 Controlling Episteme ............................................................................................. 39 Master Discourse .................................................................................................... 40 Habitus .................................................................................................................... 40 The Culture Industry ............................................................................................. 41 Ubiquity: The Power Behind the Dominant Discourse .................................... 42 v ―No machinery of rejoinder has been devised.‖: Ubiquity Provokes Resistant Agency ...................................................................................................................... 43 The Problem of Resistance in New Media Spaces ............................................. 44 The Problem of Social Media ................................................................................ 45 The Problem of the Evolutionary Nature of Culture ......................................... 46 The Problem of Intra-cultural Diversity ............................................................. 47 ―All Generalizations Are False, Including This One‖ ........................................ 48 Chapter 3 Stolons: A Tropological Model of Culture ........................ 50 Why the Stolons Model? ........................................................................................... 51 What is the Stolons Model? ...................................................................................... 52 Stolons and the Classificatory Mode of Discourse ................................................ 55 Meet The Stolons: Tools for Teaching and Learning ............................................ 57 But First, a Word… ..................................................................................................... 60 Stolons and New Media Realities ............................................................................ 60 Stolons and Cooperative Student Research ........................................................... 61 Stolons and Excluded Meanings .............................................................................
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