La Pellegrina

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Ili GIROLAMO BARGAGLI (1537-1587) LA PELLEGRINA Edizione critica con introduzione e note di FLORINDO CERRETA FIRENZE LJEO S. OLSCHKI EDITORE MCMLXXI '^"^7 PREMESSA Nel presentare alcuni anni fa l'edizione critica deWAlessandro del Piccolomini (Siena, 1966), indicai che ad essa avrebbero fatto se- guito altri testi facenti parte d'un programma inteso a dare assetto definitivo ed autorevole alle migliori commedie degli accademici In- tronati di Siena. Ora è la volta della seconda di queste, la Pellegrina di Girolamo Bargagli, la quale, dopo un obblio durato circa tre secoli, grazie al rinnovato interesse per il teatro rinascimentale, è tornata ad essere oggetto di studi critici che hanno condotto alla sua rivalu- tazione, segnalandola come uno dei migliori esemplari della com- media seria o sentimentale di quell'epoca. Almeno tre sono gli stu- diosi che hanno contribuito a far rinascere le sorti di questa com- media: lo Stiefel, che in un documentatissimo saggio della fine del- l'Ottocento dimostrò irrefutabilmente come il Rotrou avesse ricalcato il testo del Bargagli nella sua Félerine amoureuse; il Sanesi, che nella sua monografia sul genere comico alla Pellegrina dedicò diverse pa- gine di analisi e favorevoli commenti, e più recentemente l'ameri- cano Herrick, che di essa si occupò distesamente nel suo volume Italian Comedy in the Renaissance (Urbana, 1960), giudicandola degna di stare accanto alle commedie dellaportiane. Il testo della commedia del Bargagli, pur avendo, come s'è visto, richiamato su di sé l'attenzione degli studiosi, continuava ad essere accessibile solo nelle primitive edizioni del Cinque e Seicento, che divenivano sempre piìi rare, finché nel 1962 uscì il primo vo- lume delle Commedie del Cinquecento del Borsellino dove la si può leggere nella sua prima ristampa moderna. Pur riconoscendo al Bor- sellino il merito d'averla ospitata nella sua antologia, è doveroso osservare che nonostante la disponibilità della princeps di Luca Bo- netti (Siena, 1589), egli ha preferito giovarsi di una conflazione della — 5 — stampa senese del 1605 (del Fiorimi) e della veneziana del 1606 (del Meglietti), entrambe notevolmente corrotte. Oltre a una lunga serie di errori materiali, di cui alcuni come polizia per polizza e sorbi per forbi ciecamente ricopiati, e una punteggiatura affatto ammodernata, l'edizione del Borsellino aggiunge una forte patina senese (fonetica e lessicale) che è estranea all'edizione bonettiana e ancor piìi all'autografo. Quindi, in considerazione della scorrettezza in cui ci viene presentato il testo procurato dal Borsellino, che poi non ha nemmeno le pretese di essere testo critico, è ampiamente giustificata la pubblicazione della Pellegrina in un'edizione impo- stata su criteri più scientifici. Esiste, peraltro, un'altra ragione di maggior peso che rende impellente il bisogno d'un'edizione critica, ed è la disponibilità del- l'autografo della commedia conservato nella Biblioteca Comunale di Siena. Da un attento esame di questo manoscritto risulta che per superare la censura ecclesiastica del tardo Cinquecento furono radiati da esso interi brani che contenevano invettive contro la corruttela del clero, che non figurano in nessuna delle edizioni a stampa. Essendo stato autenticato il MS quale autografo del Bargagli e quale copia di lavoro adoperata dal Bonetti per la prima stampa, me ne sono servito come testo-base di questa edizione, dato che le cancel- lature imperfette del revisore non hanno impedito il recupero pres- soché totale della sua lezione primitiva. Ne consegue che, rispetto al testo fornitoci dal Borsellino, il lettore riscontrerà non solo delle battute satiriche contro gli ordini monastici, probabili spie delle propensioni religiose dell'autore, ma anche una lingua più aderente agli schemi linguistici del toscano letterario che al vernacolo senese, come pure una sostanziale novità nell'antefatto dell'intreccio, i cui particolari erano stati anche essi trasformati allo scopo di effettuare un più facile inserimento della commedia nelle celebrazioni del ma- trimonio di Ferdinando I de' Medici (1589) in cui ebbe la sua prima rappresentazione. Come avviene per tanti testi del passato di cui si vuol tentare il restauro, oltre alla critica testuale bisogna affrontare altri spinosi problemi ad essa intimamente collegati. Così alla discussione di essi provvedono le apposite sezioni del'Introduzione. Nelle pagine che ho dedicato ai cenni biografici, alla composizione della commedia, alle rappresentazioni, alla fortuna, alla storia degli antecedenti e delle fonti, credo d'aver contribuito diversi dati nuovi e d'aver illuminato — 6 — se non sempre risolto in modo definitivo la maggioranza dei pro- blemi mediante l'apporto di documenti finora inediti oppure con la reinterpretazione di dati da altri erroneamente valutati. Nella sezione dedicata alla descrizione bibliografica delle edizioni, sempre ligio al principio di raggiungere la massima precisione scientifica, mi sono valso, come l'altra volta, delle opere fondamentali di McKerrow e di Bowers, semplificandone però il metodo al fine di evitare formule algebriche complicatissime che agli effetti della chiarezza avrebbero potuto aver un risultato controproducente. Forse un addebito (fra i tanti) che mi si potrà muovere sarà l'aver omesso dall'apparato le varianti di ciascuna delle stampe esistenti; ma ho opinato essere piìi utile e meno pedantesco tener conto solo di quelle della stampa bonettiana e dell'ultima del Borsellino (la quale in un certo senso è un compendio di tutta la tradizione a stampa), visto che il testo doveva basarsi esclusivamente sull'autografo. Pur con queste limi- tazioni, l'apparato rivelerà ampiamente le divergenze tra stampe e manoscritto, il quale, nella forma in cui si pubblica, riflette effetti- vamente le ultime volontà del suo autore. F.C. — 7 — INTRODUZIONE Nota Biografica Poche sono le notizie che si hanno sulla vita di Girolamo Bargagli, Gli scarsi dati che ci sono stati trasmessi nelle compila- zioni biografiche di senesi illustri redatte nei secoli scorsi sono stati adeguatamente raccolti più recentemente da N. Borsellino nel suo articolo sul Bargagli che appare nel Dizionario biografico degli Ita- liani (Roma, 1964), VI, 341-43 a cui si rimanda per maggiori schiarimenti '. Perciò invece di tracciare le vicende della vita del Bargagli, la quale esula dal proposito di questa introduzione, ci limi- teremo a dare solo qualche breve cenno che possa servire ad orien- tare il lettore. Aggiungeremo, peraltro, alcune notizie del tutto nuove ricavate da recenti spogli d'archivio, e finora inedite, in quanto hanno una diretta connessione col discorso che verremo facendo nelle pagine che seguono. Girolamo Bargagli nacque a Siena nel 1537 da Giulio e Ortensia Ugurgieri. Più giovani di lui furono i fratelli Scipione e Celso. Sci- (Le riviste che vengono citate ripetutamente nel corso di questo lavoro sono state abbreviate nel modo qui appresso indicato: BHR Bibliothèque d'humanisme et renaissance BSSP Bullettino senese di storia patria GSLI Giornale storico della letteratura italiana) 1 Per non appesantire le note citiamo qui una volta per tutte alcune tra le opere fondamentali di cui ci siamo valsi per le notizie biografiche: A. Merenduzzo, «Notizie intorno a Scipione Bargagli», in BSSP, VII, 2 (1900), 326-347; I. Ugur- GlERi-AzzoLiNi, Le Pompe sanesi (Pistoia, 1649), I, 467; L. De Angelis, Biografia degli scrittori senesi (Siena, 1824), I, 67; G. M. Mazzucchelli, Gli Scrittori d'Italia (Brescia, 1763), III, 351; Lettere di Scipione Bargagli novelliere senese del secolo XVI (Firenze, 1865). — 9 — pione, il secondogenito, è il più noto perché alle lettere dedicò quasi tutta la vita, mentre
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