The History of the US Permian Basin: a Miracle of Technological Innovation
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Winning the Oil Endgame: Innovation for Profits, Jobs, and Security Oil Dependence
“We’ve embarked on the beginning of the Last Days of the Age of Oil. Nations of the world that are striving to modernize will make choices different from the ones we have made. They will have to. And even today’s industrial powers will shift energy use patterns....[T]he market share for carbon-rich fuels will diminish, as the demand for other forms of energy grows. And energy companies have a choice: to embrace the future and recognize the growing demand for a wide array of fuels; or ignore reality, and slowly—but surely—be left behind.” —Mike Bowlin, Chairman and CEO, ARCO, and Chairman, American Petroleum Institute, 9 Feb. 1999 1 “My personal opinion is that we are at the peak of the oil age and at the same time the begin- ning of the hydrogen age. Anything else is an interim solution in my view. The transition will be very messy, and will take many and diverse competing technological paths, but the long- term future will be in hydrogen and fuel cells.” —Herman Kuipers, Business Team Manager, Innovation & Research, Shell Global Solutions, 1. Bowlin 1999. 21 Nov. 2000 2 2. Kuipers 2000. “The days of the traditional oil company are numbered, in part because of emerging technolo- gies such as fuel cells....” 3. Bijur, undated. — Peter I. Bijur, Chairman and CEO, Texaco, Inc., late 1990s 3 4. Ingriselli 2001. “Market forces, greenery, and innovation are shaping the future of our industry and propelling 5. Gibson-Smith 1998. us inexorably towards hydrogen energy. Those who don’t pursue it…will rue it.” — Frank Ingriselli, President, Texaco Technology 6. -
Manual Borehole Drilling As a Cost-Effective Solution for Drinking
water Review Manual Borehole Drilling as a Cost-Effective Solution for Drinking Water Access in Low-Income Contexts Pedro Martínez-Santos 1,* , Miguel Martín-Loeches 2, Silvia Díaz-Alcaide 1 and Kerstin Danert 3 1 Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 3 Ask for Water GmbH, Zürcherstr 204F, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-659-969-338 Received: 7 June 2020; Accepted: 7 July 2020; Published: 13 July 2020 Abstract: Water access remains a challenge in rural areas of low-income countries. Manual drilling technologies have the potential to enhance water access by providing a low cost drinking water alternative for communities in low and middle income countries. This paper provides an overview of the main successes and challenges experienced by manual boreholes in the last two decades. A review of the existing methods is provided, discussing their advantages and disadvantages and comparing their potential against alternatives such as excavated wells and mechanized boreholes. Manual boreholes are found to be a competitive solution in relatively soft rocks, such as unconsolidated sediments and weathered materials, as well as and in hydrogeological settings characterized by moderately shallow water tables. Ensuring professional workmanship, the development of regulatory frameworks, protection against groundwater pollution and standards for quality assurance rank among the main challenges for the future. -
Coal Mine Methane Recovery: a Primer
Coal Mine Methane Recovery: A Primer U.S. Environmental Protection Agency July 2019 EPA-430-R-09-013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was originally prepared under Task Orders No. 13 and 18 of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Contract EP-W-05-067 by Advanced Resources, Arlington, USA and updated under Contract EP-BPA-18-0010. This report is a technical document meant for information dissemination and is a compilation and update of five reports previously written for the USEPA. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). USEPA does not: (a) make any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringe upon privately owned rights; (b) assume any liability with respect to the use of, or damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report; or (c) imply endorsement of any technology supplier, product, or process mentioned in this report. ABSTRACT This Coal Mine Methane (CMM) Recovery Primer is an update of the 2009 CMM Primer, which reviewed the major methods of CMM recovery from gassy mines. [USEPA 1999b, 2000, 2001a,b,c] The intended audiences for this Primer are potential investors in CMM projects and project developers seeking an overview of the basic technical details of CMM drainage methods and projects. The report reviews the main pre-mining and post-mining CMM drainage methods with associated costs, water disposal options and in-mine and surface gas collection systems. -
A Pdf Document
Kansas Geological Survey Public Information Circular 34 April 2013 Guidelines for Voluntary Baseline Groundwater Quality Sampling in the Vicinity of Hydraulic Fracturing Operations Dustin Fross and Shane Lyle, Kansas Geological Survey Introduction Baseline water-quality sampling is prescribed in areas Advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic of oil and gas production in addition to, not in place fracturing techniques have increased oil and gas of, recommended regular water-quality testing of exploration and production in Kansas. The new private domestic drinking water wells. methods require larger volumes of water and, This public information circular includes consequently, increase the amount of oil and gas information about hydraulic fracturing techniques wastewater to be disposed of in comparison with and fluids, depth to water in Kansas aquifers, conventional methods. The volume of fluid and water-quality standards, accredited water-sampling chemical additives associated with hydraulically laboratories, and testing guidelines that can be fractured horizontal wells has heightened concerns used to make decisions about water sampling and about the potential impact on groundwater quality. analysis. This document is not an interpretation This circular provides information and outlines of law or a general policy statement by the procedures for landowners interested in assessing Kansas Corporation Commission (KCC), Kansas groundwater quality in the vicinity of hydraulically Department of Health and Environment (KDHE), fractured wells through sample collection and or Kansas Geological Survey (KGS). Terms in bold analysis. face type are defined in the glossary at the end of the Baseline water-quality sampling, before and circular. after drilling, is not mandated by state or federal law. -
Trends in U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Upstream Costs
Trends in U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Upstream Costs March 2016 Independent Statistics & Analysis U.S. Department of Energy www.eia.gov Washington, DC 20585 This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA’s data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or other federal agencies. U.S. Energy Information Administration | Trends in U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Upstream Costs i March 2016 Contents Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Onshore costs .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Offshore costs .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Approach .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Appendix ‐ IHS Oil and Gas Upstream Cost Study (Commission by EIA) ................................................. 7 I. Introduction……………..………………….……………………….…………………..……………………….. IHS‐3 II. Summary of Results and Conclusions – Onshore Basins/Plays…..………………..…….… -
The Middle East and the New Era in the World Oil Market Yossi Mann
The Journal for Interdisciplinary Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 1, Fall 2017 Print ISSN: 2252-347X Online ISSN: 2252-6959 https://doi.org/10.26351/2017.5 The Middle East and the New Era in the World Oil Market Yossi Mann Abstract Between 2014 and 2016 the oil market underwent sharp fluctuations and the price of WTI oil dropped by 80%.This reflected the changes that were taking place in the oil industry such as the rise in the status of oil shale in US, improved pumping abilities, the end of economic sanctions against Iran, the removal of the threat to Iraqi oil caused by internal instability, the increased role played by speculators and banks in the determination of oil prices based on increasing interest rates and internal conflicts within OPEC. The objective of this article is to reexamine some of the assumptions which have influenced the policies of governments, investors and traders and aims to present the 2014 oil crisis as both a turning point in the oil market and as an event that has limited OPEC’s power to determine oil prices. The article also seeks to analyze the factors that have led to the change in the oil market, the effects of the crisis on OPEC oil policy and to examine the implications of the decline in oil prices on social, political and economic aspects. Keywords Oil; Natural Gas; Middle East; OPEC; Saudi Arabia; Iran, Energy. Author’s contact: Dr. Yossi Mann, Department of Middle Eastern Studies, Bar Ilan University, Israel. Email: [email protected] 105 106 Yossi Mann Introduction Between 2014 and 2016 the oil market -
Chapter 3.1 Gas and Oil Well Drilling and Production
Chapter 3.1 Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Production (01/03/2012) Section 3.1 - 100 Purpose of This Chapter The purpose of this Chapter is to establish regulations which describe the process for the review and approval of oil and gas well drilling and production, but more specifically to: 1. Establish reasonable and uniform limitations, safeguards, and regulations for present and future operations related to the exploring, drilling, developing, producing, transporting, and storing of oil and gas and other substances produced in association with oil and gas within the corporate City of Colleyville limits; 2. Provide for the safe, orderly, and healthful development of the area within the city and within the area surrounding the city and to promote the health, safety, and general welfare of the community; 3. Ensure appropriate protection to environmentally sensitive areas; 4. Establish procedures for the review and approval of gas well site plans. Section 3.1 - 105 Authorization for Adoption of This Chapter The regulations contained in this Chapter have been adopted under the authority of the following: 1. Chapters 211, 212 and 551 –Texas Local Government Code, which authorizes a municipality to adopt rules governing zoning, site plans and subdivisions of land within the municipality’s jurisdiction. 2. The Home Rule Charter of the City of Colleyville, which authorizes the City Council to exercise all powers granted to municipalities by the Constitution or the laws of the State of Texas. Section 3.1 - 106 Waivers and Appeals Any person seeking approval of a development as required by this Land Development Code may request a waiver from a requirement contained in this Chapter, or appeal a decision of an Administrative Official by submitting a request to the City Council. -
The Age of Oil As the Thirst for Oil Continues to Grow, Production Efforts Around the World Have Jumped Into Overdrive
THE AGE OF OIL AS THE THIRST FOR OIL CONTINUES TO GROW, PRODUCTION EFFORTS AROUND THE WORLD HAVE JUMPED INTO OVERDRIVE BY ROBERT RAPIER MOST PEOPLE would have a jumped into overdrive. In 2012, global had an idea that so-called rock oil difficult time imagining life without oil. oil production reached an all-time high (petroleum) that seeped naturally from Oil petroleum is used to produce of 86.2 million barrels per day, accord- the ground in many places could be the pesticides and herbicides that ing to the 2013 BP Statistical Review of produced commercially and refined farmers use to grow crops, which are World Energy. The United States posted into a fuel for oil lamps. After commis- then transported to market in vehicles the largest production increases in the sioning an analysis of a local sample of that contain numerous plastic and world, accounting for 53 percent of the petroleum that showed that the synthetic rubber parts, made from total global increase. kerosene fraction indeed made an oil. These vehicles are powered by oil, For the past 150 years, we have lived excellent fuel for oil lamps, Bissell and probably driven on roads made in the Age of Oil. We have to look back formed the Pennsylvania Rock Oil of oil-derived asphalt. Oil is also used to the 1850s to see a society that did not Company, which later became the to produce detergents, medicines, yet benefit from this slick substance. Seneca Oil Company. paints and nylon clothing. But how did we get to this point? Seneca hired Edwin Drake to Air transport is practically Humans have been using petroleum search for oil around Titusville. -
Geoogian Hyrolgicaspects of Tes8t-Well Drill]Ig
GEOOGIAN HYROLGICASPECTS OF TES8T-WELL DRILL]IG by P. W. Johnson, Natalie D. White, and H. G. Page Geologic and hydrologic aspects of test-well drilling. 551.49 Dept. of the Interior, Washington, D.C. D4a) ))Geological Survey. Geologic and hydrologic aspects of test-well drilling. P. W. Johnson, Natalie D. White, and H. G. Page. 1962. 112 p. illus. Bibliography: p. 108-112. Prepared under the auspices of AID. l.Boring. 2.Water, Underground. 3.Wells. I.Johnson, P.W. II.Page, H.G. III.White, Natalie D. IV.Title. "repEred under the auspices of The Agency for International Development Open-file report . April. 1962 CONTENT3 Page Introduction ...... ... , ........ , 11 Preparation for drilling ........... ... .... ..... I Drilling m ethods ...................................... 3 Rotary drilling ................ .. .... , .... ........ 3 Cable-tool drilling ................. ..... .. .. * ... 5 Special drilling techniques ........... ......... ... .. Collection of well-bore cuttings and well cores ...... ...... 8 Rotary-drilling sampling .............................. 9 Well-bore cuttings .................. ........... 9 Contamination from upper parts of the well ....... 10 AccuraLe determination of depth of iample ........ 11 Powdering of the sample ....... .. , ..... ... 12 Loss of the sample ,........... .... .. @........ 12 Sepiration of particles ........ , . .. 0.0.... 13 Well cores .... , .. ............... ...... No ... t . a 14 Cable-tool sampling .. , ..... *............. I t..............$ 17 Well-bore cuttings ....... ............ -
The Shale Oil Boom: a U.S
The Geopolitics of Energy Project THE SHALE OIL BOOM: A U.S. PHENOMENON LEONARDO MAUGERI June 2013 Discussion Paper #2013-05 Geopolitics of Energy Project Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Fax: (617) 495-8963 Email: [email protected] Website: http://belfercenter.org Copyright 2013 President and Fellows of Harvard College The author of this report invites use of this information for educational purposes, requiring only that the reproduced material clearly cite the full source: Leonardo Maugeri. “The Shale Oil Boom: A U.S. Phenomenon” Discussion Paper 2013-05, Belfer Center for Science and International Af- fairs, Harvard Kennedy School, June 2013. Statements and views expressed in this discussion paper are solely those of the author and do not imply endorsement by Harvard University, the Harvard Kennedy School, or the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. The Geopolitics of Energy Project THE SHALE OIL BOOM: A U.S. PHENOMENON LEONARDO MAUGERI June 2013 iv The Shale Oil Boom: A U.S. Phenomenon ABOUT THE AUTHOR Leonardo Maugeri is the Roy Family Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Leonardo Maugeri has been a top manager of Eni (the sixth largest multinational oil company), where he held the positions of Senior Executive Vice President of Strategy and Development (2000-2010) and Executive Chairman of Polimeri Europa, Eni’s petrochemical branch (2010- 2011). On August 31th, 2011, he left Eni. Maugeri has published four books on energy, among them the The Age of Oil: the Mythology, History, and Future of the World’s Most Controversial Resource (Praeger, 2006), and Beyond the Age of Oil: The Myths and Realities of Fossil Fuels and Their Alternatives (Praeger, 2010). -
Unit 09: Modernizing Texas in an Age Of
Unit 09: Modernizing Texas in An Age of Oil 1900-1929 Unit 9 Vocabulary • boom and bust cycle – an economic pattern characterized by periods of economic growth and periods of economic decline • industrialization – the economic development of manufacturing products from natural resources • petroleum – a thick, oily substance found deep in the Earth, use as a fuel • prohibition – to ban something, generally refers to the movement to ban the manufacture, sale, transportation and use of alcoholic beverages • progressives – those who advocate social reforms and legislative programs to improve society • suffrage – the right to vote • rural – Country, or country life • urban – City, or city life The Oil Boom © Tara Fountain **Question What is oil: and how is it created? Click Here to find out!!!! How is oil created? Oil or petroleum is viscous black liquid used as a fuel source; it is created by the remains of organic matter (dead plants/animals) under pressure over thousands of years. **Think about it How do we use it? Name 3 ways we use oil each day? On your note sheet, choose Which products are created from oil ALL of them are created by using oil!!! The Oil Industry in Texas •Railroads began using oil for fuel in the 1880’s, which increased the demand for the fossil fuel. •Pennsylvania was the first state to produce American Oil in 1859 •Seven years later Melrose Petroleum Oil Company drilled Texas’s first successful oil well in Nacogdoches but it wasn’t a long term success. •In 1894 a major reserve in Corsicana was tapped creating the first major oil supply in the state. -
Peak Oil Strategic Management Dissertation
STRATEGIC CHOICES FOR MANAGING THE TRANSITION FROM PEAK OIL TO A REDUCED PETROLEUM ECONOMY BY SARAH K. ODLAND STRATEGIC CHOICES FOR MANAGING THE TRANSITION FROM PEAK OIL TO A REDUCED PETROLEUM ECONOMY BY SARAH K. ODLAND JUNE 2006 ORIGINALLY SUBMITTED AS A MASTER’S THESIS TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTING, MERCY COLLEGE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MAY 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND CHARTS v LIST OF TABLES vii PREFACE viii INTRODUCTION ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM 1 PART I THE BIG ROLLOVER: ONSET OF A PETROLEUM DEMAND GAP AND SWITCH TO A SELLERS’ MARKET CHAPTER 1 WHAT”S OIL EVER DONE FOR YOU? (AND WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF IT STOPPED DOING IT?) 5 Oil: Cheap Energy on Demand - Oil is Not Just a Commodity - Heavy Users - Projected Demand Growth for Liquid Petroleum - Price Elasticity of Oil Demand - Energy and Economic Growth - The Dependence of Productivity Growth on Expanding Energy Supplies - Economic Implications of a Reduced Oil Supply Rate CHAPTER 2 REALITY CHECK: TAKING INVENTORY OF PETROLEUM SUPPLY 17 The Geologic Production of Petroleum - Where the Oil Is and Where It Goes - Diminishing Marginal Returns of Production - Hubbert’s Peak: World Oil Production Peaking and Decline - Counting Oil Inventory: What’s in the World Warehouse? - Oil Resources versus Accessible Reserves - Three Camps: The Peak Oilers, Official Agencies, Technology Optimists - Liars’ Poker: Got Oil? - Geopolitical Realities of the Distribution of Remaining World