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Architectural Style Guide: American Colonial Revival

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Architectural Style Guide: American Colonial Revival City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide: American Colonial Revival Prepared for City of Anaheim Planning and Building Department Anaheim, CA Prepared by Architectural Resources Group June 9, 2020 American Colonial Revival Chapter Overview This Architectural Style Guide is a reference tool for owners and managers of historic American Colonial Revival buildings. You can use this document to identify the features and materials that define your building’s historic character. In cases where you wish to make changes to your building, this guide will help you determine compatible features and materials. This guide supplements the Citywide Historic Preservation Plan (2010) by providing more detailed information specific to the preservation of Anaheim’s American Colonial Revival properties. It should be noted that the information described herein is meant to provide general guidance regarding the appropriate treatment of American Colonial Revival buildings. Owners should consult with the City on applicable planning and zoning requirements before making any changes to their historic American Colonial Revival properties. What’s Inside... Historical Background.........................................................................................................................1 Character-Defining Features..............................................................................................................2 Additional Examples of the Style.......................................................................................................3 Roofs......................................................................................................................................................5 Cladding and Foundations..................................................................................................................6 Chimneys and Dormers......................................................................................................................7 Entrances.............................................................................................................................................8 Doors......................................................................................................................................................9 Windows...............................................................................................................................11 Awnings, Window Screens, and Shutters.....................................................................................12 Decorative Elements.........................................................................................................................13 Lighting....................................................................................................................................13 Paint Color Schemes..........................................................................................................................14 Garages................................................................................................................................................15 Fences and Gates...............................................................................................................................16 Additions and Accessory Dwelling Units........................................................................................17 American Colonial Revival Historical Background The American Colonial Revival style emerged in the late 1800s in response to a renewed interest in the architecture of 18th-century colonial America, which was in turn influenced by the architecture of mid-18th-century England as well as that of ancient Greece and Rome. The Philadelphia Centennial (1876) and World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago (1893) helped to popularize the style throughout the country. Early examples of American Colonial Revival architecture were rarely historically accurate reproductions of colonial buildings, but rather loose interpretations of their colonial precedents. It was not until the early 1900s that more authentic reproductions developed, made possible by new printing methods and subsequently the mass dissemination of photographs in periodicals and books. The Great Depression of the 1930s and changing aesthetic preferences following World War II led to a simplification of the style in the 1940s and 1950s. Though the American Colonial Revival style was commonly applied to residential as well as commercial and institutional buildings, most examples in Anaheim are residential.1 Other architectural styles will sometimes feature stylistic elements from the American Colonial Revival idiom. For example, in Anaheim, it is common to see symmetrical Craftsman bungalows with round porch columns, eave returns, and pediments, and Minimal Traditional and Ranch houses employing pilasters and shutters. 750 N. Clementine St. 1 Virginia Savage McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America’s Domestic Architecture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), 320-341. City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 1 American Colonial Revival Character-Defining Features • One, one-and-a-half, or two stories in • Central entrances (See Page 8) height • Wood front doors, typically paneled with • Simple massing and symmetrical façades decorative surrounds (See Pages 9-10) • Medium-pitched side gable or hipped • Multi-light, double-hung wood windows, roofs, typically with boxed eaves (See sometimes with shutters (See Page 11) Page 5) • Classical detailing, including columns, • Wood shingle or composition shingle pilasters, pediments, and dentils (See Page roofing (See Page 5) 13) • Roof dormers (See Page 7) • Sub-styles include Early American Colonial Revival, Late American Colonial Revival, • Brick chimneys (See Page 7) Georgian Revival, and Dutch Colonial • Wood clapboard or brick, or sometimes Revival (See Pages 3-4) wood shingle, shiplap, or stucco wall cladding (See Page 6) Wood or Side gable roof Brick composition chimney with boxed Dormers shingle roofing eaves One-and-a- half stories (sometimes one or two stories) in height Multi-light double- Wood shingle Paneled front Projecting porch hung windows with wall cladding door, centered supported by shutters on the façade columns City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 2 American Colonial Revival Additional Examples of the Style One Story Side-gable roof, recessed stoop Side-gable roof, recessed stoop One-and-a-Half Story Side-gable roof, projecting porch Side-gable roof, full-width porch Two Story Side-gable roof, entrance stoop Side-gable roof, double-height porch City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 3 American Colonial Revival Variations Early and Late American Colonial Revival Early American Colonial Revival buildings (built in the early 1900s through 1940) and Late American Colonial Revival buildings (mid-1940s through the 1950s) share many of the same characteristics, though early examples are more likely to have hipped as well as gable roofs (later examples are predominantly gable). Early American Colonial Revival Late American Colonial Revival Georgian Revival Two stories Brick cladding Typically five windows across Prominent porch with classical detailing Dutch Colonial Revival Gambrel roof (See Page 5) City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 4 American Colonial Revival Roofs Common Roof Types Side gable Hipped Clipped gable Gambrel (seen on Dutch Colonial sub-styles) Common Roof Features Gable end roof vent Eave return Cornice molding Boxed eaves Roofing Wood shingle roofing laid in a traditional, overlapping Composition shingle roofing laid in a traditional, pattern overlapping pattern City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 5 American Colonial Revival Cladding and Foundations Cladding Wood clapboard and brick are the most common types of cladding for American Colonial Revival buildings. Wood shingle, wood shiplap, and stucco cladding are less common. Wood clapboard siding Wood shiplap siding Wood shingle siding Brick cladding may be painted or unpainted Stucco cladding, sand/float finish Wood clapboard siding profile (dimensions and overlap vary) Foundations The foundation walls of American Colonial Revival buildings may be covered in wood clapboard or brick cladding matching the rest of the buildings’ exterior, or they may be exposed concrete. Foundation walls matching the rest of the building exterior City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 6 American Colonial Revival Chimneys and Dormers Chimneys American Colonial Revival chimneys are most often made of brick. The chimney may be interior or located on the side façade. Exterior brick chimney, side Interior brick chimney, center Interior brick chimney, side façade Dormers When present, dormers (windows that project vertically from a sloping roof) are often located on the front façade of American Colonial Revival buildings. Gable roof dormer Dormer extending below the Multiple dormers roof line on the façade (known as a wall dormer) City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 7 American Colonial Revival Entrances Common Entrance Types Entrance stoop Recessed entrance stoop Projecting porch supported by columns Projecting porch Double-height entrance porch Double-height entrance porch City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 8 American Colonial Revival Doors Common Door Types American Colonial Revival door features: • Made of wood • Sometimes partially Fanlight glazed • Decorative metal hardware (typically Sidelights
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