Appendix a Flora Species Recorded
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Linking Behavior, Co-Infection Patterns, and Viral Infection Risk with the Whole Gastrointestinal Helminth Community Structure in Mastomys Natalensis
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 17 August 2021 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.669058 Linking Behavior, Co-infection Patterns, and Viral Infection Risk With the Whole Gastrointestinal Helminth Community Structure in Mastomys natalensis Bram Vanden Broecke 1*, Lisse Bernaerts 1, Alexis Ribas 2, Vincent Sluydts 1, Ladslaus Mnyone 3, Erik Matthysen 1 and Herwig Leirs 1 1 Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, 2 Parasitology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, IRBio (Research Institute of Biodiversity), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 3 Pest Management Center, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania Edited by: Yadong Zheng, Infection probability, load, and community structure of helminths varies strongly between Lanzhou Institute of Veterinary and within animal populations. This can be ascribed to environmental stochasticity Research (CAAS), China or due to individual characteristics of the host such as their age or sex. Other, but Reviewed by: Mario Garrido, understudied, factors are the hosts’ behavior and co-infection patterns. In this study, we Ben-Gurion University of the used the multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) as a model system to investigate Negev, Israel Si-Yang Huang, how the hosts’ sex, age, exploration behavior, and viral infection history affects their Yangzhou University, China infection risk, parasitic load, and community structure of gastrointestinal helminths. We Hannah Rose Vineer, hypothesized that the hosts’ exploration behavior would play a key role in the risk for University of Liverpool, United Kingdom infection by different gastrointestinal helminths, whereby highly explorative individuals *Correspondence: would have a higher infection risk leading to a wider diversity of helminths and a larger Bram Vanden Broecke load compared to less explorative individuals. -
Challenges and Unique Solutions to Rodent Eradication in Florida
Challenges and Unique Solutions to Rodent Eradication in Florida Gary Witmer and John Eisemann USDA APHIS WS, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado Parker Hall USDA APHIS WS, Concord, New Hampshire Michael L. Avery and Anthony Duffiney USDA APHIS WS, National Wildlife Research Center, Gainesville, Florida ABSTRACT: Once established, invasive rodents cause significant impacts to island flora and fauna, including species extinctions. There have been numerous efforts to eradicate invasive rodents from islands worldwide, with many successes. For a number of reasons, many invasive vertebrates have become established in Florida, including several rodent species. We have implemented rodent eradication efforts on two Florida islands. Using the successful eradication strategy developed for Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands, we have attempted the eradication of roof rats from Egmont Key off Tampa Bay. We also are attempting to eradicate Gambian giant pouched rats from Grassy Key in the Florida Keys. On Egmont Key, we used a grid of bait stations containing diphacinone rodenticide bait blocks and hand tossing of bait blocks into thickets. On Grassy Key, we used a grid of bait stations containing a zinc phosphide bait along with intensive live-trapping. We discuss the eradication planning, efforts to minimize non- target animal losses, and follow-up activities. We also discuss some of the difficulties encountered in each of these two different situations. KEY WORDS: Cricetomys gambianus, diphacinone, eradication, Florida, Gambian pouched rat, invasives, islands, Rattus rattus, rodenticides, rodents, roof rat, traps, zinc phosphide Proc. 24th Vertebr. Pest Conf. (R. M. Timm and K. A. Fagerstone, Eds.) Published at Univ. -
ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES in PRIMATES Katherine Brown Bsc
ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES IN PRIMATES Katherine Brown BSc, MSc Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2015 Abstract Numerous endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are found in all mammalian genomes, for example, they are the source of approximately 8% of all human and chimpanzee genetic material. These insertions represent retroviruses which have, by chance, integrated into the germline and so are transmitted vertically from parents to offspring. The human genome is rich in ERVs, which have been characterised in some detail. However, in many non-human primates these insertions have not been well- studied. ERVs are subject to the mutation rate of their host, rather than the faster retrovirus mutation rate, so they change much more slowly than exogenous retroviruses. This means ERVs provide a snapshot of the retroviruses a host has been exposed to during its evolutionary history, including retroviruses which are no longer circulating and for which sequence information would otherwise be lost. ERVs have many effects on their hosts; they can be co-opted for functional roles, they provide regions of sequence similarity where mispairing can occur, their insertion can disrupt genes and they provide regulatory elements for existing genes. Accurate annotation and characterisation of these regions is an important step in interpreting the huge amount of genetic information available for increasing numbers of organisms. This project represents an extensive study into the diversity of ERVs in the genomes of primates and related ERVs in rodents. Lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) and tree shrews are also analysed, as the closest relatives of primates and rodents. -
Ministry of Food and Agriculture
J Public Disclosure Authorized MINISTRY OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Public Disclosure Authorized GHANA COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE PROJECT (GCAP) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT Public Disclosure Authorized ASSESSMENT (ESIA) OF THE REHABILITATION AND MODERNISATION OF THE KPONG IRRIGATION SCHEME (KIS) FINAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized GCAP /MoFA ESIA PROJECT TEAM Responsibility/ No. Name Position Qualification Contribution to Report Chief Consultant, 1. Seth A. MSc (Applied Science), -Quality Assurance Larmie Team Leader VUB Brussels MSc (Environmental Policy and -Consultations Principal Management), -Review of project Emmanuel Consultant, University of Hull, UK 2. K. Acquah Environmental designs and relevant Assessment Expert BSc & PgD (Mining policies and regulations Engineering), UMaT, Tarkwa -Review of project MPhil (Environmental designs and relevant Senior Consultant Science) University of policies and regulations Nana Yaw Ghana, Legon -Alternatives 3. Otu-Ansah Environmental Scientist BSc (Hons) Chemistry, consideration KNUST-Kumasi -Impact analysis -Consultations -Flora/Fauna Terms of Reference for the Associate Ph.D. (Ecology), Scoping Report 4. Dr. James Consultant, University of Ghana, Adomako Terrestrial Ecologist Legon Detailed ESIA Study Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Study -Terms of Reference for the aquatic life study Prof. Francis Associate Ph.D. (Fisheries Science), 5. K E Nunoo Consultant, Aquatic University of Ghana Detailed ESIA Study Biologist Aquatic Ecology Study of the Volta River -Stakeholder Consultations MSc .(Environmental -
Species List
Mozambique: Species List Birds Specie Seen Location Common Quail Harlequin Quail Blue Quail Helmeted Guineafowl Crested Guineafowl Fulvous Whistling-Duck White-faced Whistling-Duck White-backed Duck Egyptian Goose Spur-winged Goose Comb Duck African Pygmy-Goose Cape Teal African Black Duck Yellow-billed Duck Cape Shoveler Red-billed Duck Northern Pintail Hottentot Teal Southern Pochard Small Buttonquail Black-rumped Buttonquail Scaly-throated Honeyguide Greater Honeyguide Lesser Honeyguide Pallid Honeyguide Green-backed Honeyguide Wahlberg's Honeyguide Rufous-necked Wryneck Bennett's Woodpecker Reichenow's Woodpecker Golden-tailed Woodpecker Green-backed Woodpecker Cardinal Woodpecker Stierling's Woodpecker Bearded Woodpecker Olive Woodpecker White-eared Barbet Whyte's Barbet Green Barbet Green Tinkerbird Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Red-fronted Tinkerbird Pied Barbet Black-collared Barbet Brown-breasted Barbet Crested Barbet Red-billed Hornbill Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill Crowned Hornbill African Grey Hornbill Pale-billed Hornbill Trumpeter Hornbill Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Southern Ground-Hornbill Eurasian Hoopoe African Hoopoe Green Woodhoopoe Violet Woodhoopoe Common Scimitar-bill Narina Trogon Bar-tailed Trogon European Roller Lilac-breasted Roller Racket-tailed Roller Rufous-crowned Roller Broad-billed Roller Half-collared Kingfisher Malachite Kingfisher African Pygmy-Kingfisher Grey-headed Kingfisher Woodland Kingfisher Mangrove Kingfisher Brown-hooded Kingfisher Striped Kingfisher Giant Kingfisher Pied -
Establishment of a Genetically Confirmed Breeding Colony of Mastomys Natalensis from Wild-Caught Founders from West Africa
viruses Article Establishment of a Genetically Confirmed Breeding Colony of Mastomys natalensis from Wild-Caught Founders from West Africa David Safronetz 1,*,†, Kyle Rosenke 1, Robert J. Fischer 2,‡, Rachel A. LaCasse 3, Dana P. Scott 3, Greg Saturday 3, Patrick W. Hanley 3, Ousmane Maiga 4, Nafomon Sogoba 4, Tom G. Schwan 2 and Heinz Feldmann 1,* 1 Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; fi[email protected] (R.J.F.); [email protected] (T.G.S.) 3 Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; [email protected] (R.A.L.); [email protected] (D.P.S.); [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (P.W.H.) 4 International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER-Mali), Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; [email protected] (O.M.); [email protected] (N.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (H.F.) † Current address: Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Citation: Safronetz, D.; Rosenke, K.; ‡ Current Address: Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy Fischer, R.J.; LaCasse, R.A.; Scott, D.P.; and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA. -
29 Figure8. the Limited Rank Hydrophilic Sedge and Grass Patches Within the Central Valley Bottom Wetland Provide Suitable Roost
Figure8. The limited rank hydrophilic sedge and grass patches within the central valley bottom wetland provide suitable roosting and foraging habitat for African Grass Owls. The high levels of human disturbances on the site including hunting with dogs; severely restricts the likelihood of any nests and limits potential roosting suitability. The annual burning of the site restricts the vegetative cover along the valley bottom wetland. Off-road bikes, quads and vehicle tracks transverse the entire site as well as helicopter training and landing on the site and open areas to the south of the site adjacent to the Waterval cemetery. African Grass Owls are found exclusively in rank grass, typically, although not only, at fair altitudes. Grass Owls are secretive and nomadic breeding in permanent and seasonal vleis, which it vacates while hunting or post-breeding, although it will breed in any area of long grass and it is not necessarily associated with wetlands. It marshlands it is usually outnumbered by the more common Marsh Owl (Asio capensis) 10:1 (Tarboton et al. 1987). Grass Owls nest on the ground within a system of tunnels constructed in mostly tall grass; peak-breeding activity (February- April) tends to coincide with maximum grass cover (Steyn 1982). Grass Owls specialise in large rodent prey, particularly Otomys vlei rats, although a wide range of rodent prey species, including Rhabdomys, Praomys, Mus, and Suncus, are taken (Earle 1978). Some local and nomadic movements in response to fluctuating food supplies, fire and the availability of suitable habitat can be expected (Steyn 1982). The ecological requirements of this species make it susceptible to many land-use changes impacting contemporary South Africa. -
Mastomys Spp. – Multimammate Mouse
Mastomys spp. – Multimammate Mouse Taxonomic status: Species Taxonomic notes: A good review of the systematics of Mastomys is provided by Granjon et al. (1997). Mastomys spp. are cryptic and difficult to distinguish morphologically but clearly separable by molecular and chromosomal markers (Britton-Davidian et al. 1995; Lecompte et al. 2005). For example, within the assessment region, M. coucha and M. natalensis can be distinguished only through chromosome number (in M. coucha 2n = 36; in M. natalensis 2n = 32) and molecular markers (Colangelo et al. 2013) but not on cranio-dental features, nor a multivariate analysis (Dippenaar et al. 1993). Mastomys coucha – Richard Yarnell Assessment Rationale Regional Red List status (2016) Both species are listed as Least Concern as they have a Mastomys coucha Least Concern wide distribution within the assessment region, where they likely occur in most protected areas, are abundant in Mastomys natalensis Least Concern human-transformed areas, including agricultural areas and areas affected by human disturbances, and because National Red List status (2004) there are no significant threats that could cause range- Mastomys coucha Least Concern wide decline. Additionally, these species are known as prolific breeders with population numbers likely to recover Mastomys natalensis Least Concern quickly after a decline. Because of their reproductive Reasons for change No change characteristics, population eruptions often occur under favourable conditions. Landowners and managers should Global Red List status (2016) pursue ecologically-based rodent management strategies Mastomys coucha Least Concern and biocontrol instead of rodenticides to regulate population explosions of this species. Mastomys natalensis Least Concern Regional population effects: For M. coucha, significant TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) None dispersal is unlikely because the bulk of the population CITES listing None occurs within the assessment region. -
Namibia, 2018
Nambia and little bits of Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Zambia, July-August 2018 Michael Kessler In 1994, my wife Elke and I did our first joint trip to Namibia, spending 3 weeks mainly in the arid western parts of the country and seeing such goodies as Brown Hyena, Caracal, Black Mongoose, Honey Badger, 3 species of sengis, and Southern African Porcupine. In 2010, we made our first family trip to Africa to KwaZulu Natal, seeing much of the large game. So now we decided to return to Namibia with the family, with the aim of exploring some new areas and searching out the less easily seen species. Time and budget limited the trip to about 2½ weeks and after some deliberation, we settled on the following sites: Sesriem + Sossusvlei for the dunes; Walvisbay for Heaviside’s Dolphin + Welwitschia; Erindi for African Wild Dog and the other game; Toko Lodge for the night drives, especially for Aardvark; Etosha only briefly for the amazing wildlife spectacle; Mahango for the Okavango specials (birds and mammals); and Victoria Falls for, well, the falls. This resulted in the following Itinerary: 25.7: Left Zurich in the evening, arriving on 26.7.: am in Jo’burg, followed by a connecting flight to Windhoek where we picked up the rental car, did some grocery shopping, and fell into our beds at Arebbusch Lodge on the southern outskirts of the city. 27.7.: Long drive to Desert Homestead Lodge at Sesriem. 28.7.: am: visit to Sossusvlei; pm: Cessna flight over the dunes, followed by a night drive back to the lodge, seeing some Bat-eared Foxes. -
Mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve Holger Meinig, Dr Meheretu Yonas, Ondřej Mikula, Mengistu Wale and Abiyu Tadele
NABU’s Follow-up BiodiversityAssessmentBiosphereEthiopia Reserve, Follow-up NABU’s Kafa the at NABU’s Follow-up Biodiversity Assessment at the Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia Small- and medium-sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve Holger Meinig, Dr Meheretu Yonas, Ondřej Mikula, Mengistu Wale and Abiyu Tadele Table of Contents Small- and medium-sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve 130 1. Introduction 132 2. Materials and methods 133 2.1 Study area 133 2.2 Sampling methods 133 2.3 Data analysis 133 3. Results and discussion 134 3.1 Soricomorpha 134 3.2 Rodentia 134 3.3 Records of mammal species other than Soricomorpha or Rodentia 140 4. Evaluation of survey results 143 5. Conclusions and recommendations for conservation and monitoring 143 6. Acknowledgements 143 7. References 144 8. Annex 147 8.1 Tables 147 8.2 Photos 152 NABU’s Follow-up Biodiversity Assessment at the Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia Small- and medium-sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve Holger Meinig, Dr Meheretu Yonas, Ondřej Mikula, Mengistu Wale and Abiyu Tadele 130 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED MAMMALS Highlights ´ Eight species of rodents and one species of Soricomorpha were found. ´ Five of the rodent species (Tachyoryctes sp.3 sensu (Sumbera et al., 2018)), Lophuromys chrysopus and L. brunneus, Mus (Nannomys) mahomet and Desmomys harringtoni) are Ethiopian endemics. ´ The Ethiopian White-footed Mouse (Stenocephalemys albipes) is nearly endemic; it also occurs in Eritrea. ´ Together with the Ethiopian Vlei Rat (Otomys fortior) and the African Marsh Rat (Dasymys griseifrons) that were collected only during the 2014 survey, seven endemic rodent species are known to occur in the Kafa region, which supports 12% of the known endemic species of the country. -
Rodent Assemblages in the Mosaic of Habitat Types in the Zambezian Bioregion
diversity Article Rodent Assemblages in the Mosaic of Habitat Types in the Zambezian Bioregion Vincent R. Nyirenda 1,* , Ngawo Namukonde 1 , Matamyo Simwanda 2 , Darius Phiri 2, Yuji Murayama 3 , Manjula Ranagalage 3,4 and Kaula Milimo 5 1 Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] 2 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (D.P.) 3 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (M.R.) 4 Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka 5 Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Ministry of Tourism and Arts, Private Bag 1, Chilanga 10100, Zambia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +260-977-352035 Received: 12 July 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 23 September 2020 Abstract: Rodent assemblages have ecological importance in ecosystem functioning and protected area management. Our study examines the patterns of assemblages of rodents across four habitat types (i.e., Miombo woodland, Acacia woodland, grasslands and farmlands) in the savanna environment. Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods were applied for data collection across the Chembe Bird Sanctuary (CBS) landscape. The Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) was used for exploratory data analysis, followed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey–Kramer’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post-hoc tests. -
TANZANIA One Health in Action (2009-2020) a One Health Approach to Strengthening National Health Security TANZANIA
TANZANIA One Health in action (2009-2020) A One Health approach to strengthening national health security TANZANIA Since 2009, UC Davis, the Sokoine is considered a hotspot for viral transmission, and delivered critical University of Agriculture (SUA), and spillover and spread due to land data and insights for strengthening government partners, have worked conversion, human population health security and refining national to advance One Health capacity and movement from neighboring surveillance plans. wildlife laboratory infrastructure in Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, and Tanzania. During PREDICT-1, our intensive livestock development. Our In addition, by putting stakeholder One Health team targeted high-risk team’s work has provided proof of engagement and community human-wildlife interfaces, collected concept for applying the One Health outreach at the forefront of our samples from wildlife, and tested approach in Tanzania, strengthened approach, we worked directly with them for viral threats. IIn the first five subnational and district-level One communities at all levels to identify years, 63 viruses were detected (12 Health platforms by training animal practical and actionable disease known viruses and 51 new viruses). and human health professionals on prevention and control strategies. the frontlines of zoonotic disease Building on these successes, our transmission, shed light on the team partnered with the Ifakara viruses and pathogens circulating Health Institute (IHI) to launch in animal and human populations intensive One Health