DOCSLIB.ORG

Reflexive Verbs Afeit Ar Se Bañ Ar Se

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reflexive Verbs Afeit Ar Se Bañ Ar Se 2A. Los Apuntes: Reflexive Verbs Textbook p. 80 Reflexive Verbs What is a reflexive verb? A reflexive verb is an action that people do _________ or __________ themselves. With a reflexive verb, the person carrying out the action also ____________________ the action. For example: washing one’s face or brushing one’s teeth. What does a reflexive verb look like? In Spanish, reflexive verbs are easy to identify because their infinitive forms have _______ at the end. This se at the end of the infinitive is called a __________________________. Let’s look at the breakdown of the verbs afeitarse, to shave, and bañarse, to bathe. afeit ar se bañ ar se ____________ ____________ _____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ How do you conjugate a reflexive verb? When conjugating a reflexive verb, first _____________ the reflexive pronoun from the end. Conjugate the verb like normal: drop the infinitive ending, then add the new present-tense ending that matches the subject. The reflexive pronoun is also changed to match the subject, then placed in front of the conjugated verb. Reflexive pronouns When placing the new reflexive pronoun ___________________________, you must choose the correct pronoun that matches the subject. Remember, the subject is also the person or people who ___________________ the action of the verb. The reflexive pronouns are as follows: ¡Practiquemos! Complete the sentences by writing the correct reflexive pronoun and conjugation of the verb in parenthesis. Be on the lookout for stem changers! Follow the model. Modelo: Paco siempre __se__ __afieta__ los domingos. 1. Gregorio y Lorenzo __________ __________________ muy tarde los fines de semana. (levantarse) 2. Yo __________ __________________ en ropa muy elegante para ir a la boda. (vestirse) 3. Emilia y yo __________ __________________ las uñas para el baile. (pintarse) 4. Uds. _________ __________________ muy temprano la noche antes del evento especial. (acostarse) 5. Tú __________ __________________ rápidamente antes de la escuela. (ducharse) 6. Sancho no __________ __________________ los dientes todos los días. ¡Uf! (cepillarse) A quick note… Look back at numbers 3 and 6 above. We would translate these as “Emily and I paint our nails for the dance” and “Sancho doesn’t brush his teeth every day.” However, note that the possessive pronouns for our and his or not used. Instead, we use _______________________________. A general rule to remember is that when a reflexive verb is used with parts of the body or clothing, definite articles are used, not possessive pronouns. Me lavo la cara. I wash my face. Te pones los zapatos. You put on your shoes. Placement of reflexive pronouns So far, we have only discussed placing the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb. However, when two verbs used together in a sentence, there is another option. Recall that when two verbs are used in conjunction, the first one is _____________________ and the second one is left in the ____________________ form. The two options we have for placement of the reflexive pronoun are: 1. __________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________ Me tengo que levantar. -or- Tengo que levantarme. Carolina se va a secar el pelo. -or- Carolina va a secarse el pelo. There is no change in meaning; these pairs of sentences express the same ideas. Notice that regardless of the placement of the pronoun, it still has to match the subject of the sentence. ¡Practiquemos! ¡Uy! The following sentences are missing their reflexive pronouns! Rewrite each sentence twice, demonstrating two different placements of the pronoun. Follow the model. Modelo: Carmela va a poner el cinturón. 1. __Carmela se va a poner el cinturón._______ 2. __Carmela va a ponerse el cinturón.________ 1. Rafael debe duchar. 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ 2. Yo quiero cortar el pelo. 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ 3. Nosotros vamos a pintar las 1. _________________________________________________ uñas. 2. _________________________________________________ 4. Uds. necesitan bañar. 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ 5. Tú tienes que arreglar el 1. _________________________________________________ pelo. 2. _________________________________________________ ¡Practiquemos! Each of the sentences below has an error. Circle the error, then correctly rewrite the portion of the sentence that needs the change. 1. Yo despertarme a las ocho de la mañana. 2. Ellas se pintan sus uñas cada semana. 3. Nosotros se acostamos muy tarde durante el verano. 4. Ud. va a afeitar mañana. 5. Tú tienes que cortarse el pelo pronto. Reflexive Verbs What is a reflexive verb? A reflexive verb is an action that people do ___to____ or __for_____ themselves. With a reflexive verb, the person carrying out the action also ___receives________ the action. For example: washing one’s face or brushing one’s teeth. What does a reflexive verb look like? In Spanish, reflexive verbs are easy to identify because their infinitive forms have __se___ at the end. This se at the end of the infinitive is called a __reflexive pronoun_____. Let’s look at the breakdown of the verbs afeitarse, to shave, and bañarse, to bathe. afeit ar se bañ ar se __stem______ _infinitive___ _reflexive____ __stem______ _infinitive___ _reflexive____ _ending_____ _pronoun_____ _ending_____ _pronoun_____ How do you conjugate a reflexive verb? When conjugating a reflexive verb, first __drop________ the reflexive pronoun from the end. Conjugate the verb like normal: drop the infinitive ending, then add the new present-tense ending that matches the subject. The reflexive pronoun is also changed to match the subject, then placed in front of the conjugated verb. Reflexive pronouns When placing the new reflexive pronoun _before the verb________, you must choose the correct pronoun that matches the subject. Remember, the subject is also the person or people who __receive(s)_________ the action of the verb. The reflexive pronouns are as follows: me nos te se se ¡Practiquemos! Complete the sentences by writing the correct reflexive pronoun and conjugation of the verb in parenthesis. Be on the lookout for stem changers! Follow the model. Modelo: Paco siempre __se__ __afieta__ los domingos. 1. Gregorio y Lorenzo ___se_____ __levantan_____ muy tarde los fines de semana. (levantarse) 2. Yo ___me_____ ___visto__________ en ropa muy elegante para ir a la boda. (vestirse) 3. Emilia y yo __nos_____ ____pintamos_________ las unas para el baile. (pintarse) 4. Uds. ____se____ ___acuestan_______ muy temprano la noche antes del evento especial. (acostarse) 5. Tú ____te____ ____duchas_________ rápidamente antes de la escuela. (ducharse) 6. Sancho no ___se_____ ___cepilla________ los dientes todos los días. ¡Uf! (cepillarse) A quick note… Look back at numbers 3 and 6 above. We would translate these as “Emily and I paint our nails for the dance” and “Sancho doesn’t brush his teeth every day.” However, note that the possessive pronouns for our and his or not used. Instead, we use __definite articles___________. A general rule to remember is that when a reflexive verb is used with parts of the body or clothing, definite articles are used, not possessive pronouns. Me lavo la cara. I wash my face. Te pones los zapatos. You put on your shoes. Placement of reflexive pronouns So far, we have only discussed placing the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb. However, when two verbs used together in a sentence, there is another option. Recall that when two verbs are used in conjunction, the first one is __conjugated___________ and the second one is left in the __infinitive______________ form. The two options we have for placement of the reflexive pronoun are: 1. _before the conjugated verb___________________ 2. _attached to the end of the verb infinitive ________ Me tengo que levantar. -or- Tengo que levantarme. Carolina se va a secar el pelo. -or- Carolina va a secarse el pelo. There is no change in meaning; these pairs of sentences express the same ideas. Notice that regardless of the placement of the pronoun, it still has to match the subject of the sentence. ¡Practiquemos! ¡Uy! The following sentences are missing their reflexive pronouns! Rewrite each sentence twice, demonstrating two different placements of the pronoun. Follow the model. Modelo: Carmela va a poner el cinturón. 1. __Carmela se va a poner el cinturón._______ 2. __Carmela va a ponerse el cinturón.________ 1. Rafael debe duchar. 1. _Rafael se debe duchar. _____________________________ 2. _Rafael debe ducharse.______________________________ 2. Yo quiero cortar el pelo. 1. _Yo me quiero cortar el pelo. _________________________ 2. _Yo quiero cortarme el pelo.__________________________ 3. Nosotros vamos a pintar las 1. _Nosotros nos vamos a pintar las uñas. ________________ uñas. 2. _Nosotros vamos a pintarnos las uñas. ________________ 4. Uds. necesitan bañar. 1. _Uds. se necesitan bañar. ___________________________ 2. _Uds. necesitan bañarse. ___________________________ 5. Tú tienes que arreglar el 1. _Tú te tienes que arreglar el pelo. ____________________ pelo. 2. _Tú tienes que arreglarte el pelo._____________________ ¡Practiquemos! Each of the sentences below has an error. Circle the error, then correctly rewrite the portion of the sentence that needs the change. 1. Yo despertarme a las ocho de la mañana. me despierto 2. Ellas se pintan sus uñas cada semana. las 3. Nosotros se acostamos muy tarde durante el verano. nos 4. Ud. va a afeitar mañana. se va a afeitar / va a afeitarse 5. Tú tienes que cortarse el pelo pronto. te .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dissertations, Department of Linguistics
    UC Berkeley Dissertations, Department of Linguistics Title Reflexivization: A Study in Universal Syntax Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sv079tk Author Faltz, Leonard M Publication Date 1977 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph end reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will finda good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Mandarin Chinese Zi-V Reflexive Verbs Sally Wong Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS September 2017
    Sally Wong C-H Investigating Mandarin Chinese Zi-V Reflexive Verbs Sally Wong Utrecht institute of Linguistics OTS September 2017 1. Introduction: As discussed in Reinhart and Reuland (1993), in natural language, a predicate can be interpreted as reflexive only if it is linguistically marked as reflexive. More specifically, this rules out structures of the type DP V Pronoun where DP binds the Pronoun and the pronoun is just a simplex element. There are two ways for reflexive marking to obtain, namely, intrinsically or extrinsically. In the former case a reflexivization operation takes place in the lexicon (with or without any overt morphological marking) on the verb, while in the latter case a transitive verb is reflexivized by one of its arguments being realized as a SELF anaphor. This is stated in the definitions from Reinhart and Reuland (1993) given below. (1) a. A predicate is reflexive iff two of its arguments are coindexed. b. A predicate (of P) is reflexive marked iff either (i) P is lexically reflexive or (ii) one of P’s arguments is a SELF anaphor. In this article I will review how reflexivity is expressed in Mandarin Chinese (henceforth Mandarin) taking the definitions in (1) as a starting point. According to the standard analyses in the literature (e.g. Huang and Tang 1991). Mandarin has a complex reflexive—a SELF anaphor—ta ziji1, as in (2a), and a simplex, monomorphemic, anaphor zi-ji as in (2c). However as is generally ignored in the mainstream literature with the exception of (Wu 2010, Chief 1998, Tang 1992), Mandarin has another option to represent reflexive predicates, namely by prefixing zi- to the verb, as in (2b).
    [Show full text]
  • Apuntes De Gramática 2ª Reflexive Verbs To
    APUNTES DE GRAMÁTICA 2ª REFLEXIVE VERBS show that a person is doing an action onto or for themselves come with the reflexive pronoun "se" at the end of the infinitive the reflexive pronoun (object pronouns) reminds us that the verb is intended to show a reflexive action if there is no reflexive pronoun at the end of the infinitive, DON'T make it a reflexive verb! the "se", when translated, means "self/own" (me baño = I bathe myself, te lavas las manos = you wash your own hands) TO CONJUGATE A REFLEXIVE VERB: 1) Conjugate the infinitive according to the subject (don't forget about stem-changing verbs!) 2) Take the reflexive pronoun "se" and modify it according to the subject using the following forms: me (myself) nos (ourselves) te (yourself) os (yourselves) se* (himself, herself, yourself) se* (themselves, yourselves) *Always include the subject pronoun in these sentences (él, Ud., ella, ellos, Uds.)* Note that the 3rd person singular and plural forms will not need to change from the original "se". 3) To double check your work conjugating a reflexive verb: make sure your reflexive pronoun reflects the subject (me for "yo", te for "tú" etc.) and make sure your verb conjugation reflects the subject Always put the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os, se) in FRONT of the conjugated verb!! me lavo .... NOT lavome te bañas..... NOT bañaste se viste .... NOT vistese Examples: Me lavo la cara. (I wash my face.) Ellos se pintan las uñas. (They paint their nails.) Nosotros nos cepillamos los dientes. (We brush our teeth.) Tú te vistes en ropa cómoda.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflexive Verbs in Icelandic Are Always Transitive
    Reflexive sig is an argument* Jóhannes Gísli Jónsson University of Iceland Abstract This paper argues that the simple reflexive pronoun sig is unambiguously a thematic argument in Icelandic. This is shown to be true not only of sig with naturally reflexive verbs but also of inherently reflexive sig. This view is mainly supported by two sets of facts: (i) that sig is impossible with verbs that fail to theta-mark their object (middles and anticausatives), and (ii) that case assignment works the same way for sig as for non- reflexive DP arguments. Potential counterarguments against my view involving focalization and reflexive passives are argued not to be valid. 1. Introduction Depending on their distributional properties, simple reflexive pronouns have been analyzed in various ways cross-linguistically. For instance, Grimshaw (1982) argues that French se is a reflexive marker and consequently that verbs taking se are intransitive (but see Labelle 2008 and Doron and Rappaport Hovav 2009 for a different view). Steinbach (2002, 2004) argues that reflexive verbs in German are always transitive although German sich is either thematic (with naturally reflexive verbs) or non-thematic (with inherently reflexive verbs, anticausatives and middles) while Lekakou (2005) claims that Dutch zich is restricted to argument positions. In this paper, the status of the Icelandic reflexive pronoun sig with reflexive verbs will be explored.1 I will argue that sig is always an argument receiving a theta-role, even with inherently reflexive verbs, and this entails that reflexive verbs in Icelandic are always transitive. (It is uncontroversial that sig in other environments is an argument, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflexive Verbs
    Reflexive Verbs Reflexive verbs have no real equivalent in English. The closest English comparison would be verbs with ‘self’ or ‘selves’, like ‘He helped himself’. Even in these cases, it doesn’t always work exactly the same way as in English. I. Construction To construct these verbs, we have to use the subject (e.g. ‘je’), a reflexive pronoun and the correct conjugation of the verb. We will take the example of ‘se réveiller’ (to wake (one’s self) up). Subject Reflexive Pronoun Conjugated Verb Je Me Reveille Tu Te Reveilles Il/Elle/On Se Reveille Nous Nous Reveillons Vous Vous Reveillez Ils/Elles Se Reveillent The verb endings, coloured red, are the same as the regular ‘-er’ verbs in the present tense. The table below shows examples of the different types of verb endings as reflexive verbs: ‘-ER’ – Se lever (to get up) ‘-IR’ – Se sentir (to feel) ‘-RE’ – S’entendre avec (to get along with) Je me lève Je me sens Je m’entends Tu te lèves Tu te sens Tu t’entends Il/Elle/On se lève Il/Elle/On se sent Il/Elle/On s’entend Nous nous levons Nous nous sentons Nous nous entendons Vous vous levez Vous vous sentez Vous vous entendez Ils/Elles se lèvent Ils/Elles se sentent Ils/Elles s’entendent As you can see, the verb endings follow the same patterns as verbs in the present tense. If the verb is regular in the present tense, it will remain regular as a reflexive verb. If it is irregular in the present tense, it will remain irregular as a reflexive verb too.
    [Show full text]
  • Grammaticization of Reflexive Pronoun Into a Marker of Passive (Through
    In B. Lyngfelt & T. Solstad (eds.), Demoting the agent: passive, middle and other voice phenomena, 83-110. John Benjamins. 2006. Agent-backgrounding as a functional domain: reflexivization and passivization in Czech and Russian [preproofs version] Mirjam Fried, Princeton University 1. Introduction 1.2 Agent-demotion and passive The topic of „passiveness‟ has commanded linguists‟ sustained interest for a long time, whether as an issue of typological classification or an issue of representation within various theories of grammar. Yet, a consistent definition – and, by implication, a full understanding – of the phenomenon remains elusive, especially when considered in relation to the more general question of agent demotion. The vast literature dedicated to studying passives and similar patterns covers a wide range of approaches (syntactic, semantic, functional, morphological) and offers a wealth of often conflicting and confusing terminology, which only compounds the challenge of understanding the nature of the various patterns that have been labeled „passive‟. This is perhaps to be expected in broad cross- linguistic comparisons, but capturing the essence of passive-like patterns or agent-demotion in their various formal and functional manifestations is not a trivial task even within a single language. In this study, I will examine these two notions from a functional, usage-based perspective. In order to avoid terminological confusion with the syntactically defined agent demotion, and anticipating the distinctions that will be substantiated in the body of this paper, I prefer the label „agent backgrounding‟, understood, roughly, as making the agent referentially obscure. „Passive‟, then, will be shown to be a particular instantiation of agent backgrounding, which I take to be a broader functional domain than pasiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • ROMANI GRAMMAR by Marcel Courthiade
    ROMANI GRAMMAR by Marcel Courthiade Volume 1: General Information, Phonology, and Morphology Translated from Albanian by Geoff Husič Originally published in Tirana, Albania, 1989 as Gramatika e gjuhes rrome Notes on the digital edition I originally completed this translation in 1989 and have recently digitized the print edition, the original text file of which is in a now-unconvertable format. Other than the few chances mentioned below, this pdf is identical to the print version. I have changed the original spelling of Romany to the more moden spelling Romani. Replacing text in a PDF is a fairly clunky procedure so there may be a few resulting format abberations. It was also not possible to change the spelling in few cases in the images in the text. The name of the author has been changed from Marcel Cortiade to his preferred spelling Marcel Courthiade. Geoff Husić Slavic & Near East Studies Librarian University of Kansas Libraries December 4, 2019 Contents Translator's Preface iv Part I: General Information On Romani. 1 The Common Romani Language • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 1 Romany's Relationship To Other Languages • • • • • • • • • . 1 The Distribution of Romani and The Dialectal Composition• • . 3 Creolized and Atypical Dialects . • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 True Romani Dialects • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 • Standardization . • • • • • • ••••• • • . • • . 7 •The Principal of • • • • • • • • • • 7 StandardizationOne Common Standard, With Three Levels of Tolerance . • • . 10 The Common Romani Alphabet • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 12 Part 2: Phonology •• 15 Vowels . 15 Basic Vowels • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 15 Pre-jotizing Vowels • • • • • • • • • • • . • . 15 Vowels Distinctive To Particular Dialects • • • • . • . 15 Stress . 17 Stress in Declined Words • . • . • • • • • • • • . • • 17 Stress in Conjugated Words • • • • • • . • • • • • • • 20 Stress in invariable Words • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 22 Conclusion and Practical Application • • • • • • • • . 22 Consonants • • • • .
    [Show full text]
  • April 13Th Spanish 2
    APRIL 13TH SPANISH 2 1 SUBMITTING WORK TO RAISE YOUR GRADE: IF YOU CHOOSE THE PATH OF IMPROVING YOUR YEARLY GRADE, YOU MUST DO THE FOLLOWING TO TURN IN WORK AND RECEIVE FULL CREDIT. 1. PRINT THE MODULE AT HOME OR PICK IT UP AT THE SCHOOL. IF YOU CANNOT PRINT YOU MAY COMPLETE THE ACTIVITIES ON YOUR OWN PAPER, INDICATING CLEARLY WHICH PAGE YOU ARE COMPLETING ALONG WITH QUESTION NUMBERS. 2. COMPLETE ALL WORK BY HAND--NO TYPING. WRITE NEATLY. 3. SCAN YOUR WORK BY TAKING A PICTURE OF EACH PAGE WITH YOUR PHONE (OR PRINTER/SCANNER) AND SENDING TO YOUR TEACHER’S EMAIL [email protected] OR [email protected] . INCLUDE ALL PAGES IN A SINGLE EMAIL WITH YOUR NAME AND MODULE # IN THE SUBJECT LINE. EXAMPLE: JOHN DOE, MODULE #1 4. EACH MODULE WILL BE ENTERED AS A SEPARATE GRADE IN QUARTER 4 AND WILL BE GRADED ACCORDING TO COMPLETION AND ACCURACY. 5. DO YOUR BEST ON YOUR OWN, WITH YOUR OWN RESOURCES AT HOME. DO NOT USE ANY ONLINE TRANSLATORS OR RESOURCES OTHER THAN YOUR NOTES. WORK USING OUTSIDE RESOURCES/TRANSLATORS WILL NOT RECEIVE CREDIT. CONGRATULATIONS ON YOUR HARD WORK AND EFFORT! J COMPLETING WORK TO IMPROVE YOUR SPANISH: IF YOU CHOOSE TO COMPLETE THIS WORK IN ORDER TO KEEP YOUR SPANISH UP AND LEARN MISSED MATERIAL BUT DO NOT NEED TO RAISE YOUR GRADE, YOU DO NOT NEED TO TURN ANYTHING IN. DO YOUR BEST, EMAIL US QUESTIONS, AND LEARN THE MOST YOU CAN J 2 Reflexive Verbs (Present Tense) Notes Review: Direct Object Pronouns In a previous lesson we learned about when to use DIRECT Object Pronouns.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Phrasal Verbs in Translated English Bert Cappelle, Rudy Loock
    Typological differences shining through: The case of phrasal verbs in translated English Bert Cappelle, Rudy Loock To cite this version: Bert Cappelle, Rudy Loock. Typological differences shining through: The case of phrasal verbs in translated English. Gert De Sutter; Marie-Aude Lefer; Isabelle Delaere. Empirical Translation Studies. New Theoretical and Methodological Traditions, Mouton de Gruyter, pp.235-264, 2017. hal-01496966 HAL Id: hal-01496966 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496966 Submitted on 28 Mar 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Typological differences shining through: The case of phrasal verbs in translated English Bert Cappelle and Rudy Loock Abstract Are phrasal verbs less numerous in English translations if the source lan- guage is a Romance language than if the source language is a Germanic one? This chapter sets out to answer that question. In a subcorpus of Eng- lish fictional texts translated from Romance languages, up, out and down, which represent phrasal verb use rather well, are indeed underused when compared with non-translated English fiction from the British National Corpus, while no significant difference is to be found for this set of items- between non-translated English and English translated from Germanic lan- guages.
    [Show full text]
  • A Corpus Study of Verb Bias in Spanish
    A Corpus Study of Verb Bias in Spanish Amelia J. Dietrich and Colleen Balukas Penn State University 1. Introduction* It has long been established in the psycholinguistic literature that a verb’s subcategorization frame – also known as its verb bias – has an effect on sentence production and processing (e.g., Garnsey, Lotocky, Pearlmutter, & Myers, 1997; Hare, McRae & Elman, 2003; MacDonald, 1994; MacDonald, Pearlmutter, & Seidenberg, 1994a, 1994b; Trueswell, Tanenhaus & Kello, 1993; Wilson & Garnsey 2009). In bilinguals, such biases may be simultaneously activated in both languages, manifesting in the form of unique behaviors in bilinguals, especially when cognate verbs with different subcategorization frames are considered (e.g. Chambers & Cooke, 2009; Duyck, van Assche, Drieghe, & Hartsuiker 2007; Libben & Titone, 2009; Marian & Spivey, 2003; Schwartz, Kroll, & Diaz, 2007; van Assche, Duyck, Hartsuiker, & Diependaele 2009; van Hell & De Groot, 2008). For instance, the verb biases of a given translation pair may show the effects of crossover between the two languages in the form of shifting biases that do not resemble those expected of either of the verbs in the monolingual speech of each language. Dussias, Marful, Gerfen, and Bajo (2010) explored cognate verbs and their subcategorization biases in Spanish-English bilinguals in a recent norming study, for which a large portion of the materials was based on a Garnsey et al. (1997) norming study of 100 active verbs in English. These verbs consisted of a number of cognate and non-cognate verbs that were matched with translated Spanish counterparts by Dussias et al. Reliable verb biases of these English verbs are widely available not only in the norming study in Garnsey et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A Grammar of Ik (IcéTód)
    A grammar of Ik (Icé-tód) Northeast Uganda’s last thriving Kuliak language Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Ik men going on a group hunt. Photo taken by the author. ISBN: 978-94-6093-156-7 NUR 616 Copyright © 2014: Terrill B. Schrock. All rights reserved. A grammar of Ik (Icé-tód) Northeast Uganda’s last thriving Kuliak language PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op dinsdag 16 december 2014 klokke 16:15 uur door Terrill B. Schrock geboren te Atmore, Alabama USA in 1980 Promotiecommissie: Promotor: Prof. dr. Maarten Mous Overige Leden: Prof. dr. Gerrit J. Dimmendaal (Universität zu Köln) Prof. dr. Christa König (Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main) Dr. Eithne Carlin Table of Contents Dedication................................................................................................ xiv Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... xv Foreword.................................................................................................. xix Abbreviations ........................................................................................... xxi Symbols ................................................................................................. xxiii Affixes......................................................................................................xxv
    [Show full text]
  • Reflexive Verbs Have “Se” Attached to the Infinitive
    Los verbos reflexivos When you use reflexive verbs… The subject does the action and receives the action of the verb at the same time. EX: I brush my teeth. This means that I brush my teeth myself. It is an action that I am doing to myself. If the sentence were… I brush my dog. It is not a reflexive verb because I am not receiving the action of the verb, the dog is. Reflexive vs. Non-reflexive Maria brushes her hair. The mother brushes the She is brushing her own girl’s hair. hair, so it is a The mother is NOT reflexive verb. brushing her own hair, so it is NOT a reflexive verb. All reflexive verbs have “se” attached to the infinitive. This helps us to identify a reflexive verb. Acostarse (o-ue) Ducharse Maquillarse Afeitarse Dormirse (o-ue)Secarse Bañarse Irse Peinarse Cepillarse Lavarse Ponserse Despertarse (e-ie) Levantarse Vestirse (e-i) All reflexive verbs have “se” attached to the infinitive. This helps us to identify a reflexive verb. However, reflexive verbs can also be used in a non reflexive way. To do that, just ignore the reflexive pronoun… More on that later. Acostarse (o-ue) Afeitarse Bañarse Cepillarse los dientes/el pelo Despertarse (e-ie) Ducharse Dormirse Irse Lavarse Levantarse maquillarse Peinarse Ponerse la ropa Secarse Secarse el pelo Vestirse (e-i) How do reflexive verbs work? Step 1: Conjugate the verb as you normally would in the present tense…. LAVARSE Lavo Lavamos Lavas Laváis Lava Lavan How do reflexive verbs work? Step 2: Add the appropriate reflexive pronoun .
    [Show full text]